Bulugh al-Maram — The Book of Prayer

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The time of the Zuhr (noon) prayer is when the sun passes the meridian and a man’s shadow is of the same length as his height. It lasts until the time of the ‘Asr (afternoon) prayer. The time of the ‘Asr prayer is as long as the sun has not become yellow (during its setting). The time of the Maghrib (sunset) prayer is as long as the twilight has not disappeared. The time of the ‘Isha’ (night) prayer is up to midnight. And the time of the Fajr (morning) prayer is from the appearance of dawn as long as the sun has not risen; (but when the sun rises abstain from prayer; for it rises between the two horns of Satan).” .

“When the sun is white and clear.” .

“While the sun is high.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to offer the ‘Asr prayer (and after the prayer) one of us would return to his house at the furthest end of al-Madinah and arrive while the sun was still hot and bright. And he (ﷺ) loved to delay the ‘Isha’ prayer, and he disliked sleeping before it and conversation after it. After the Fajr prayer he used to leave when a man could recognize the one sitting beside him and he used to recite between 60 to 100 Verse of Qur’an in the Fajr prayer. .

used to advance the ‘Isha’ prayer sometimes and delay it at other times. Whenever he saw the people assembled (for the ‘Isha’ prayer) he would pray early and if the people delayed, he would delay the prayer. And the Prophet (ﷺ) used to offer the Fajr prayer when it was still dark.

He (ﷺ) offered the Fajr prayer at daybreak when the people could hardly recognize one another.

We used to offer the Maghrib prayer with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and then one of us would go (out of the mosque) and be able to see the spot his would fall at. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) delayed (the ‘Isha’ prayer) one night till a great part of the night passed, then he went out and offered the prayer, and said, “This is the proper time for it; were it not that I would impose a burden on my followers.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When it is hot, delay the (Zuhr) prayer till it cools down, for the intensity of heat is from the exhalation of Hell.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Offer the morning prayer at dawn, for it is greater for your rewards.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “He who prays a Rak’a of the Fajr prayer before the sun rises, has offered the dawn prayer in its time, and he who prays a Rak’a of the ‘Asr prayer before the sun sets has offered the afternoon prayer.” .

“A Sajdah implies a Rak’a.”

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saying: “No Salat (prayer) is to be offered after the morning prayer until the sun rises, or after the afternoon prayer until the sun sets.” .

“There is no Salat (prayer) after the Fajr (morning) prayer.”

“There are three times at which Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to forbid us to pray or bury our dead: (a) when the sun begins to rise till it is fully up, (b) when the sun is at its height at midday till it passes the meridian, and (c) when the sun draws near to setting till it sets.” .

ash-Shafi’i views the second ruling from

“Except on Friday”.

Abu Dawud reported something similar from Abu Qatadah (RA).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “O descendants of ‘Abd Manaf! You must not prevent anyone who goes round this House (Ka’bah) and prays (here) at any hour of the night or day that he wishes.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The twilight is the redness.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said that, “Dawn is of two types; the dawn in which eating is forbidden (for the fasting person) and prayer is permitted and the dawn in which prayer is forbidden i.e. the morning prayer and eating is permitted.” .

“it is spread widely in the horizon,” and to the other type: “it has the shape of wolf’s tail.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “One of the best deeds is to offer Salat (prayer) in its early time.” .

Its basic meaning is in the Sahihain of al-Bukhari and Muslim.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The earliest time of prayer is what pleases Allah, the midtime is for the mercy of Allah and the latest time is what Allah pardons.” .

at-Tirmidhi has reported something similar, narrated by Ibn ‘Umar, without mentioning the midtime. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “There is no Salat (i.e. voluntary prayer) after the break of dawn except Sajdatain (Sunnah of Fajr).” .

‘Abdur-Razzaq also narrated: “There is no Salat (voluntary prayer) after the break of dawn ecept the two (Sunnah) Rak’a of Fajr.”

A narration of ad-Daraqutni narrated by Amr bin al-‘Aas is similar to the one above.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) came to my house after offering ‘Asr prayer and offered two Rak’a, then I asked him about that and he replied, “I was kept busy (and failed to pray) the two (Sunnah) Rak’a after Zuhr prayer, so I offered them now.” I asked him, “Should we offer them if we miss them?” He (ﷺ) replied, “No.” .

The narration of Abu Dawud from ‘Aishah (RA) has the same meaning.

A man appeared to me while I was asleep and told me to say, “Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Most Great, Allah is the Most Great)” and he mentioned the Adhan with Allahu Akbar four times without Tarji’, and the Iqama once except Qad qamat-is-Salah (the prayer stood ready to begin), (he repeated it twice). He (‘Abdullah) said when it was morning I went to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and he said, “It is a true vision…” .

as-Salatu khairun minan-nawm – “Prayer is better than sleep”.

“It is from the Sunnah that when the Mu’adhadhin says Fajr (prayer time): ‘Haiya ‘alal-Falah (Come to the success)’, he says (also) ‘as-Salatu khairun minan-nawm (Prayer is better than sleep).'”

The Prophet (ﷺ) taught him the Adhan (call to prayer) and he (the narrator) mentioned the Tarji’ in it. [Muslim reported it, but mentioned the phrase (Takbir) “Allah is the Most Great” at its beginning just twice.

al-Khamsah reported it, but mentioned the Takbir four times.

Bilal was commanded to announce the Adhan (each phrase) twice and the Iqamah (each phrase) once except “The prayer stood ready to begin” (to be pronounced twice). .

“Bilal was ordered by the Prophet (ﷺ).”

I saw Bilal calling for prayer and I would follow (looking at) his mouth (as he turned it) this (right) side and that (left) side with his fingers in his ears. .

In a narration of Ibn Majah – ‘and he put his fingers in his ears’.

And also a narration of Abu Dawud – ‘he turned his neck to the right and left when he reached Haiya ‘alas-Salah (Come to the prayer) and did not turn his body’.

And its basic meaning is in Sahihain (al-Bukhari and Muslim).

The Prophet (ﷺ) liked his voice, so he taught him the Adhan (call to prayer). .

I prayed with the Prophet (ﷺ) the two ‘Eids, not only once or twice, without an Adhan or an Iqamah. .

A similar narration is in al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated by ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abbas (RA) and others.

Then Bilal proclaimed the Adhan and the Prophet (ﷺ) offered the prayer (while leading the Companions) as he used to do every day. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) came to al-Muzdalifah and offered at it both the Maghrib and ‘Isha prayers with one Adhan and two Iqamah.

The Prophet (ﷺ) combined the Maghrib and ‘Isha prayers with one Iqamah.

“for each prayer”.

The Adhan was not announced for any one of them.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Bilal calls for prayer when it is still night, so eat and drink till Ibn Umm Maktum calls for prayer.” And he (Ibn Umm Maktum) was a blind man who did not call for a prayer until he was told: “It is morning time, it is morning time.” . There is an Idraj in its last part.

Bilal called for prayer before dawn and the Prophet (ﷺ) told him to return and announce: “Lo! the slave of Allah (i.e. Bilal) had slept (hence this mistake)”. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When you hear the Adhan repeat what the Mu’adhdhin (the call-maker) says.” .

And al-Bukhari has reported similarly in a narration by Mu’awiyah (RA).

“Haiya ‘alas-Salah, Haiya ‘alal-Falah (Come to the prayer and come to the success)”, one should say: “La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah .”

He said, “O Messenger of Allah, appointment as the Imam (leader) of my people (in prayers). He (ﷺ) said: “You are their Imam, but you should follow (observe the strength of) the weakest among them and appoint a Mu’adhdhin who does not charge for the call of Adhan.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said to us, “When the time of Salat (prayer) comes, one of you should announce the Adhan.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said to Bilal, “When you announce the Adhan, utter deliberately and when you pronounce the Iqamah utter quickly, and leave between your Adhan and your Iqamah time for one who is eating to finish his food.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “No one should announce Adhan except the one who has performed the ablution”. . So the narration is weak whether Marfu’ or Mawquf (saying of a Companion).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The one who announces the Adhan should also pronounce the Iqamah.” .

I saw it, i.e. the Adhan (in a vision) and I wanted to announce it. Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “You pronounce the Iqamah.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The Mu’adhdhin has more right to pronounce the Iqamah.” .

al-Baihaqi has reported a similar narration from the saying of ‘Ali (RA).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “A supplication made between the Adhan and Iqamah is not rejected.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If anyone says when he hears the Adhan: ‘O Allah! Lord of this perfect call and of the regular prayer which is going to be established! Kindly give Muhammad (ﷺ) the right of intercession and superiority, and send him (on the Day of Judgement) to the best and highest place in Paradise which You promised him’, he will be assured of my intercession on the Day of Judgement.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you releases air (through his anus) during Salat (prayer), he should break the Salat (prayer) then perform ablution and repeat the prayer.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever vomits, bleeds through the nose, or released Madhi (urethral discharge) should go, perform ablution and then complete his Salat (prayer) (by continuing from where he had stopped at) on condition that he does not speak in the process”. Reported by Ibn Majah and it was graded weak by Ahmed.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The Salat (prayer) of a woman, who has reached puberty, is not accepted unless she is wearing a Khimar.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “If the garment is ample, wrap it round your body i.e. during the Salat (prayer).” A narration by Muslim has: “you should cross the two ends, and if it is tight, you should wrap it round your waist.” .

None of you should offer Salat (prayer) in a single garment with no part of it on his shoulders. .

She asked the Prophet (ﷺ), “Can a woman pray in a long dress and a veil without wearing a lower garment?” He replied, “If the long dress is ample and covers the surface of her feet.” .

We were with the Prophet (ﷺ) during a dark night and we became uncertain about the Qiblah (the direction of Makkah) we then prayed (without being certain). When the run rose, we discovered that we prayed towards a direction other than the Qiblah. So this Verse was revealed: “…so wherever you turn yourselves or your faces, there is the Face of Allah…” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The direction between the east and west is Qiblah.” .

I saw Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) praying while mounted on his riding animal facing whatever direction it faced. .

“Making gestures with his head and he did not do that (pray while mounted) with obligatory prayers.”

When traveled, and intended to pray a voluntary prayer, he used to direct his riding camel towards the Qiblah, say, “Allahu Akbar” and pray facing whatever direction it faced. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The whole earth is a mosque (to pray on) except a graveyard and a toilet.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) forbade prayer at seven places; a dump, a slaughter house, a graveyard, the middle of the path, a bathroom, and where camels sit at a watering place and on (roof) of the Ka’bah. .

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) say, “Don’t pray towards graves and don’t sit on them.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When any of you comes to the mosque he should look and if he sees impurity on his sandals (shoes) he should wipe them and then pray in them.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If one of you steps on filth with his two leather socks then the earth is their purification.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Talking is not befitting during the Salat (prayer), for it (prayer) consists only of glorifying Allah, declaring His Greatness and the recitation of the Qur’an.” .

We used to talk while engaged in Salat (prayer) during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and one would talk with his companion regarding his needs in prayer till (this verse) was revealed: “Guard strictly the prayers, especially the middle prayer; and stand before Allah with obedience,” then we were commanded to observe silence (in prayer) and were forbidden to talk. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Glorification of Allah (i.e. saying) is for men and clapping of hands is for women.” .

“during Salat (prayer)”.

Narrated Mutarrif bin Abdullah bin Shikhkhir (RA) from his father, who said, “I saw Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) when he was engaged in prayer, and heard a sound from his chest, like the bubbling of a pot, from weeping.” .

“I had the permission of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) to see him in his house at two times, and whenever I entered to him while he was praying he would clear his throat as a sign to me.” .

I asked Bilal (RA), “How did you observe the Prophet (ﷺ) replying to their (the Companions) salutation while he was engaged in prayer?” He (Bilal) said: “He used to do this way,” and he (Bilal) demonstrated by spreading his palm. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was (one time) offering prayer while he was carrying Umama, daughter of Zainab, when he prostrated he put her down and when he stood up he lifted her up. .

“While he (ﷺ) led the people in the prayer in the masjid…”

“Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Kill the two black ones during Salat (prayer), the snake and the scorpion.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If the person who passes in front of another person in prayer knew the magnitude of his sin, it would have been better for him to wait for forty than pass in front of him.” .

“forty years.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was asked in the expedition of Tabuk about the Sutra of the person who is offering the prayer; he said , “It is (something) like the back of a saddle.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Let one of you who is in Salat (prayer) put a Sutra in front of him even if it is an arrow.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ), “In case there is not before him (an object) like the back of a saddle, a Muslim’s Salat (prayer) would be cut off by (the passing of) a woman, a donkey and a black dog.” And it concludes: “the black dog is a devil.” .

Muslim also reported through Abu Hurairah (RA) a similar Hadith without the mention of Kalb (dog).

In another narration Abu Dawud and an-Nasa’i reported through Ibn Abbas (RA) a similar report without its end and connected the prohibition of a woman passing in front of a praying person to the state of being in her menstruation period.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If one of you prays towards an object separating him from the people and someone tries to pass (between him and the object) in front of him, let him turn him away but if he refuses he should fight him for he is a devil.” .

“for there is a Satan with him.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you prays, he should put something in front of him, and if he cannot find something he should set up a stick; but if he has no stick with him he should draw a line, then what passes in front of him will not harm him.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Nothing interrupts Salat (prayer), but avert as much as you can (things that cut off prayer).” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) forbade keeping one’s hands on one’s waist while praying. . The wording is that of Muslim’s. And it’s meaning is to put (one’s) hands on his waist.

“This is a practice of the Jews.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If supper is brought (and the prayer is ready) start with it (the food) before you pray the Maghrib (prayer).” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you is praying he must not remove pebbles (from his face) for the mercy is facing him.” .

“(remove the pebbles) once or leave (them).”

It is also reported in as-Sahih on the authority of Mu’aiqib without mention of the reason.

I asked Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) about looking around during prayer and he said, “It is something which the devil snatches from a person’s prayer.” .

“Avoid looking around when you are engaged in prayer, for looking around is destruction. And if you must do it, do so in the voluntary prayers.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When anyone of you is engaged in Salat (prayer), he is holding intimate conversation with his Rabb so he should not spit in front of him, nor to his right side, but to his left side, under his foot”. .

“or under his foot.”

‘Aishah (RA) had a Qiram (a soft piece of cloth with colours) with which she had screened one side of her house. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Take away this Qiram of yours, for its pictures are displayed in front of me during my prayer.” .

“it (the Khamisa) has distracted me from my prayer.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Those people who raise their eyes to heaven while in Salat (prayer) should stop (doing so) or else their sight will not return to them.” .

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “No Salat (prayer) can be (rightly offered) with food brought (before the worshiper) or when he is resisting the urge to relive himself of the two filths (i.e. urine and feces).”

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Yawning is caused by the devil, so when one of you yawns he must repress it as much as he can.” .

“during Salat (prayers).”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) ordered that the mosques be built in residential districts and that it be cleaned and perfumed. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “May Allah curse the Jews! They have turned the graves of their Prophets into mosques.” .

“and Christians.”

“Those are the worst of creatures.”

The Prophet (ﷺ) sent an expedition of horsemen who came back with a man, they then tied him to one of the pillars of the mosque. .

Umar came over Hassan while reciting poetry inside the mosque and looked at him sternly, then he (Hassan) said: “I used to recite poetry inside it (the mosque) in the presence of one who is more pious than you “. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever hears a man crying out in the mosque about something he has lost, he should say, ‘May Allah not restore it to you’, for the mosques were not built for this.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If you see someone buying or selling inside the mosque, say: ‘May Allah not make your trading profitable!'” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Neither the prescribed punishment nor retaliations should be executed inside the mosque.” .

On the day of al-Khandaq (battle of the Trench), Sa’d was injured and Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) pitched a tent for him in the mosque to visit him from a close distance. .

I saw Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) at the door of my house screening me while I watched some Abyssinians (Ethiopians) who were playing in the mosque… (the narration). .

One black slave-girl had a tent in the mosque and she used to come to me and talk (with me) in my house. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Spitting in the mosque is a sin and its expiation is burying it.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The House (Judgement Day) will not come until people boast (to each other) with (the construction and decoration of) mosques. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “I was not commanded to build beautified mosques”.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The rewards of my Ummah (followers) were shown to me, even a peck of dust a man takes out of the mosque.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you enters a mosque, he must not sit until he prays two Rak’ah.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “When you get up to pray, perform ablution perfectly, then face the Qiblah and say: ‘Allahu Akbar’ (Allah is the Most Great). Then recite a convenient portion of the Qur’an; then bow and remain calmly in that position for a moment, then rise up and stand erect; then prostrate and remain calmly in that position for a moment, then rise up and sit calmly, then prostrate and remain calmly in that position for a moment; then do that throughout your prayer.” .

“Then rise up and stand erect calmly.”

And in the narration of Ibn Hibban and Ahmad the Hadith of Rifa’a bin Rafi’ bin Malik is similar to the above.

“Keep your back straight till the bones return (to their positions).”

“The Salat (prayer) of one of you will not be complete until he performs Wudu’ (ablution) properly as Allah commanded him, then he says Allahu Akbar and Alhamdu lillah and praises Him.”

Alhamdu lillah, Allahu Akbar and La ilaha ill-Allah.”

And Abu Dawud has “Then read the Ummul-Qur’an (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) and what ever Allah wishes”.

“and then (read) whatever you wish.”

“I saw Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) when he uttered the Takbir, he placed his hands parallel to his shoulders; and when he bowed down, he rested his hands on his knees, then bent his back. When he raised his head up, he stood erect until the bones of his spine became straight. When he prostrated, he placed his arms such that they were neither spread out nor drawn in, and the tips of his toes were facing the Qiblah; when he sat up, at the end of two Rak’a, he sat on his left foot and put erect the right one; and when he sat up after the last Rak’a he put forward the left foot, put erect the other one and sat on his buttock.” .

Whenever Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) stood for Salat (prayer), he used to say: “I have turned my face (as a monotheist) towards Him who created the heavens and the earth and I am not from the polytheists. My prayer and my devotion, my life and my death belong to Allah, the Lord of the universe, Who has no partner. That is what I have been commanded, and I am a Muslim. O Allah, You are the King. There is nothing which deserves to be worshipped but You. You are my Rabb (Lord) and I am Your slave. I have wronged myself, but I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me all my sins, You alone can forgive sins; and guide me to the best qualities, You alone can guide to the best of them: and turn me from evil ones, You alone can turn from evil qualities. I come to serve and please You. All good is in Your Hands and evil does not pertain to You. I seek refuge in You and turn to You, You are the Blessed and the Exalted. I ask Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.” .

“he used to say that in the night prayer…”

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA) Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to keep silent – between the opening Takbir of the prayer and the recitation of the Qur’an – for a short while. Then, I asked him (about that) and he replied, “I say, ‘O Allah! Keep me apart from my sins (faults) as you have kept apart the east and west. O Allah clean me from my sins as a white garment is cleaned from dirt. O Allah wash me of my sins with water, snow and hail.” .

He (ﷺ) used to say, “How perfect You are O Allah, and Praise is for You, Blessed is Your Name and Exalted is Your Majesty and there is nothing which deserves to be worshipped besides You.” [Reported by Muslim with a Munqati’ (broken) chain. And in the version of ad-Daraqutni, it is Mawsul (unbroken chain), and it is Mawquf (saying of a companion (‘Umar)].

Abu Sa’id al-Khudri (RA) narrated a similar report Marfu’ collected by al-Khamsah.

He (ﷺ) used to say after the (opening) Takbir (for prayer), “I seek refuge in Allah, the All-Hearing and the All-Knowing from the accursed devil, from his madness or evil suggestion (Hamz), from his puffing up (Nafkh), and from his witchcraft (Nafth).”

Narrated ‘Aishah (RA) Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to begin the Salat (prayer) with Takbir (Allahu Akbar – Allah is the Most Great) and the recitation with Alhamdu lillahi Rabbil’ alamin (praise is to Allah, the Rabb of the universe).” And when he bowed down, he neither kept his head up nor bent it down, but kept it between that (two positions). When he raised his head from the bowing position, he did not prostrate till he had stood erect; and when he raised his head after a prostration, he did not prostrate again till he had sat up. And at the end of every two Rak’ah he said the Tahiyyah, and he used to sit on his left foot and position he right one vertically, and he prohibited the devil’s way of sitting on the buttocks. He forbade people to spread out their arms like a wild beast. And he used to finish the prayer with the Taslim (i.e. saying As-Salamu ‘alaikum). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to raise his hands parallel to his shoulders when he started the prayer (by saying Allahu Akbar), when he uttered the Takbir to bow and when he raised his head from the Ruku’ (bowing posture). .

Abu Dawud reported a Hadith narrated by Abu Humaid (RA) to the effect that he used to raise his hands and bring them parallel to his shoulders, and then utter the Takbir.

“He raised his hands parallel to the end of his ears.”

I prayed with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he put his right hand on his left (and then placed them) on his chest. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “There is no Salat (prayer) for him who does not recite Ummul-Qur’an (Surat al-Fatiha)”. (Agreed upon].

“The Salat (prayer) is not complete if one does not recite (Surat) Fatiha al-Kitab.”

“Perhaps you recite behind your Imam?” We replied, “Yes.” He said, “Do not do so except when it is (Surat) Fatiha al-Kitab, for the Salat (prayer) of the one who does not recite it, is not accepted.”

“The Prophet (ﷺ), Abu Bakr and ‘Umar used to begin the Salat (prayer) with Al-hamdu lillahi Rabbil-‘alamin.” .

“They would not recite Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim, neither in the beginning of the recitation nor at the end of it.”

“They never used to recite Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim aloud.”

“They used to recite Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim silently.”

The negation (of recitation of the Bismillah) in the report of Muslim can be understood in light of this report (i.e. it was recited silently), as opposed to those who declared Muslim’s report as being defective.

“I prayed behind Abu Hurairah (RA) and he recited Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim, and then recited Umm-ul-Qur’an (Al-Fatiha) and when he reached walad-dallin, he said Amin; and then said Allahu Akbar, when he prostrated and when he stood up from his sitting position. And when he uttered the Taslim (i.e. As-Salamu ‘Alaikum), he said, “I swear by the One (i.e. Allah) in Whose Hand my soul is, my Salat (prayer) resembles most that of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) than that of anyone among you.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whenever you recite Surat Al-Fatiha, recite Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim, for it is one of its Ayat (Verses).” .

When Allah’s Messenger (RA) completed the recitation of Surat Al-Fatiha, he raised his voice and said Amin. [Reported by ad-Daraqutni who graded it Hasan (good) and Al-Hakim who graded it Sahih (authentic)).

The narrations of Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi from the Hadith of Wa’il bin Hujr (RA) are similar to this one.

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “I cannot memorize anything from the Qur’an, so teach me something which can be a substitute for me.” He said, “Say Subhan Allah (Allah is Free of Imperfections) walhamdu lillah (and praise is to Allah), wa la ilaha illa-Allah (and there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah), wallahu akbar (and Allah is the Most Great), wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billah al-‘Ali al-‘Adheem (and there is no might and no strength but in Allah, the Most High, the Supreme)” [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa’i; and Ibn Hibban, ad-Daraqutni and Al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to lead us in prayer and recite in the first two Rak’a of the Zuhr and ‘Asr prayers Surat Al-Fatiha and two (other) Surah. And he would sometimes recite loud enough for us to hear the Verses. He would prolong the first Rak’a, and would recite in the last two Rak’a Surat Al-Fatiha (only). .

We used to estimate the length of the standing position of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) in the Zuhr and ‘Asr prayers, and we estimated that he stood in the first two Rak’a of the Zuhr prayer as long as it takes to recite Alif-Lam-Mim, Tanzil (Surat As-Sajdah) and in the last two Rak’a, half the time of that. And in the first two Rak’a of ‘Asr, he used to stand as long as the last two of the Zuhr. And the last two Rak’a of ‘Asr used to be of about half the time of the first two.” [Reported by Muslim).

So-and-so used to prolong the first two Rak’a of the Zuhr prayer and shorten the ‘Asr prayer, and recite the short Surah of Mufassal at Maghrib prayer, its medium Surah at the ‘Isha’ prayer, and its long ones at the Fajr prayer. Then Abu Hurairah (RA) said: “I never prayed behind anyone whose prayer more closely resembles that of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) than this person.” .

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) reciting at-Tur (the Mountain – Surat No. 52) in the Maghrib (sunset) prayer. [Agreed upon).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to recite during the Fajr prayer of Friday Alif-Lam-Mim, Tanzil… (as-Sajdab – Surat no. 32) and Hal ata ‘alal-Insani… (al-Insan – Surat no. 76), which is also called Surat ad-Dahr). .

at-Tabarani narrated the Hadith of Ibn Mas’ud which has the addition “… he did that constantly.”

I prayed with the Prophet (ﷺ) and (noticed that) whenever he came to a verse which spoke of mercy, he stopped and made supplication, and whenever he came to a verse which spoke of punishment, he stopped and sought refuge in Allah against it.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “I have been forbidden to recite the Qur’an while bowing or prostrating; so while in the bowing (position) glorify (the Perfection of) the Rabb (Lord), and while in the prostrating (position) be earnest in supplication, for it is fitting that your supplications may be answered.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to say while bowing and prostrating Subhanaka Allahumma Rabbana wa bihamdika, Allahumma ighfir li (How Perfect You are, O Allah, Our Rabb, and praise is to You, O Allah, forgive me).” .

When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) got up to pray, he would say the Takbir when standing up, then would say the Takbir when bowing, then he would say Sami’Allahu liman hamidah (Allah listens to him who praises Him) when rising up from the bowing position, then he would say while standing Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (our Rabb, the praise is Yours), then he would say the Takbir when going down for prostration, then when raising his head up, then when he prostrated again, then when raising his head up. He would then do that throughout the whole Salat (prayer) and he would say the Takbir when he got up – at the end of two Rak’a – from the sitting position.” .

“Allahumma Rabbana lakal-hamdu mil’as-samawati wal-ardi, wa mil’a ma shi’ta min shai’in ba’du, ahlaththana’i wal-majdi, ahaqqu ma qal-al’abdu, wa kulluna laka ‘abdun. Allahumma la mani’a lima a’taita, wa la mu’tiya lima man’ata, wa la yanfa’u dhal-jaddi minka-l-jaddu (O Allah, our Rabb (Lord), to You is praise in all the heavens and all the earth, and all that You Will (to create) afterwards, O You, Who are worthy of praise and glory, the most worthy of what a slave says – and we are all Your slaves: no one can withhold what You give, or give what You withhold, and riches cannot avail a wealthy person against You.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “I have been commanded to prostrate on seven bones; on the forehead – and he pointed at his nose, the hands (the palms), the knees and the tips (toes) of the feet.” .

When the Prophet (ﷺ) prostrated while praying, he used to spread out his arms so that the whiteness of his armpits would be visible. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When you prostrate, place the palms of your hands on the ground and raise your elbows.” [Reported by Muslim).

Whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) bowed, he would spread out his fingers and when he prostrated he would bring his fingers together. [Reported by al-Hakim).

I saw Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) praying while he sat cross-legged. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to say between the two prostrations: “Allahumma ighfir li, warhamni, wahdini, wa ‘afini, warzuqni (O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, grant me health and well-being, and provide sustenance for me).” .

He saw the Prophet (ﷺ) praying and when he had prayed an odd number of Rak’a, he did not stand up till he had sat up properly. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) recited Qunut (supplication in the prayer) for one month after (rising up from the) bowing (position), invoking curse on some Arab tribes. Afterwards, he gave it up. .

Ahmad and ad-Daraqutni narrated something similar, adding that he (ﷺ) continued to recite Qunut (supplication in prayer) in the Fajr prayer till he separated from this world.

The Prophet (ﷺ) never used to supplicate [i.e. Qunut in the prayer) except when he prayed for a people or when he prayed against a people. .

I said to my father, “You have prayed behind Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ), Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, Uthman, and ‘Ali. Did they supplicate (with Qunut while standing) in the Fajr prayer?” He replied, “O my son, it is an innovation.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) taught me some words to say when standing in supplication during the Witr, they were: “O Allah, guide me among those You have guided, grant me well-being among those You have granted well-being, take me into Your charge among those You have taken into Your charge, bless me in what You have given, guard me from the evil of what You have decreed, for You decree and none can decree over You. He whom You befriend is not humbled. Blessed and Exalted are You, our Rabb (Lord).” . at-Tabarani and al-Baihaqi added: “He whom You hold as enemy is not honoured.” an-Nasa’i reported through another chain of narrators, adding at its end: “May Allah the Most High send His Salat on the Prophet (praising him in the highest assemblies of the angels).”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to teach us a supplication to say in the Qunut of the morning prayer. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you prostrates, he should not kneel in the manner of a camel, but should put down his hands before his knees.” . This Hadith is more authentic than the Hadith narrated by Wa’il bin Hujr (RA).

I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) placing his knees (on the ground) before his hands when he prostrated. .

The first Hadith has a Shahid (supporting evidence) in the Hadith

of Ibn ‘Umar (RA) (coming next), which is authenticated by Ibn Khuzaimah. al-Bukhari mentioned it as a Hadith Mu’allaq (missing links from the side of the Haditb collector) and Mawquf (saying of a companion).

When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) sat for at-Tashahhud, he placed his left hand on his left knee, and his right hand on his right knee, folded its fingers and pointed with his right index finger. .

‘and he clenched all his (right hand) fingers and pointed with the index finger.’

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) looked at us and said, “When one of you is (sitting) in prayer, he should say, ‘All services reported by words, by prayers (acts of worship), and all good things are due to Allah, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah’s mercy and blessings, peace be upon us and upon Allah’s upright slaves. I testify that nothing deserves to be worshipped except Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.’ Then he may choose any supplication which pleases him most and recite it.” .

‘We used to say before at-Tashahhud become obligatory on us’.

‘The Prophet (ﷺ) taught him at-Tashahhud and ordered him to teach it to the people.’

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to teach us at-Tashahhud: “All services expressed by words, increase in good, acts of worship and all good things are due to Allah … ” till the end.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) heard a man supplicating during his prayer. He did not praise Allah, nor did he invoke blessings on the Prophet (ﷺ). He (ﷺ) said, “He made haste.” He then called him and said, “When any of you prays, he should begin with the glorification of his Rabb (Lord) and praise Him; he should then invoke blessings on the Prophet (ﷺ); thereafter he should supplicate Allah for anything he wishes.” .

Bashir bin Sa’d said, “Allah has commanded us to invoke blessings on you, O Messenger of Allah! But how should we bless you?” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) kept quiet (a while) and then said, “Say: ‘O Allah, bless Muhammad and the members of his family as You have blessed Ibrahim, and grant favours to Muhammad and the members of his family as You have granted favours to Ibrahim. In the worlds You are indeed Praiseworthy and Glorious.’ And the Taslim is as you know. .

“How should we invoke blessings on you, whenever we invoke blessing on you in our prayers?”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you finishes the (last) Tashahhud, he should seek refuge in Allah from four things by saying: ‘O Allah I seek refuge in You against the punishment of Jahannam (Hell-fire), the punishment of the grave, the trial of life and death and the evil of the trial of Masih ad-Dajjal (Antichrist).”‘ .

“When any of you finishes the last Tashahhud.”

He said to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ), “Teach me a supplication to use in my prayer.” He (ﷺ) said: “Say: O Allah, I have greatly wronged myself, and no one forgives sins except You, so grant me forgiveness from You and have mercy on me, You are the Forgiving and the Merciful One.” .

I prayed with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he would give the Taslim (salutation) to his right side (saying), “Peace be upon you and the mercy and blessings of Allah”; and to his left side (saying), “Peace be upon you and mercy and the blessings of Allah.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to say after every obligatory prayer: “There is nothing worthy of worship except Allah Alone, Who has no partner. To Him belongs the kingdom, to Him praise is due, and He has power over every thing. O Allah no one can withhold what You have given, or give what You have withheld and riches cannot avail a wealthy person against You.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to seek Allah’s protection by invoking this supplication (Du’a) at the end of every Salat (prayer): “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from stinginess, I seek refuge in You from cowardice, I seek refuge in You from old age (and senility), I seek refuge in You from the temptation of the world and I seek refuge in You from the punishment in the grave.” .

Whenever Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) finished his prayer, he used to say after asking Allah’s forgiveness three times: “O Allah, You are as-Salam (One Free from every defect), and as-Salam (safety from every evil) is (sought) from You. Blessed are You, O Possessor of glory and honour.” .

“Whoever glorifies Allah (by saying Subhan-Allah) after every Salat (prayer) thirty-three times, and praises Allah (by saying Alhamdu-lillah) thirty-three times, and exalts Allah (by saying Allahu Akbar) thirty-three times, those are ninety-nine in all, and says to complete a hundred: La ilaha ill-Allahu, wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulku wa lahulhamdu, wa Huwa ‘ala kulli shai’in Qadir (There is nothing which deserves to be worshipped except Allah Alone Who has no partner; to Him belongs the kingdom, to Him praise is due, and He has power over everything), his sins will be forgiven, even if they are as abundant as the foam of the sea.” .

“at-Takbir (Allah is the Most Great) is thirty-four times.”

‘O Allah, help me to remember You, thank You, and worship You perfectly.'” [Ahmad, Abu Dawud and an-Nasa’i reported it through a strong chain of narrators].

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever recites Ayat al-Kursi at the end of every obligatory prayer, nothing but death will prevent him from entering Paradise.” [An-Nasa’i reported it, and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic).

“Say : “He is Allah, (the) One. (Surat al-lkhlas – Surat No. 112)

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Pray as you have seen me praying.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Pray standing and if you are unable, pray sitting and if you cannot, pray lying on your side, .” .

The saying of the Prophet (ﷺ) to a sick person who prayed on a cushion: The Prophet (ﷺ) threw it away and said, “Pray on the ground, if you are able to do so; otherwise, pray by gesturing signs and make your prostration lower than your bowing.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) led them in the Zuhr prayer, and when he stood up at the end of the first two Rak’at and did not sit, the people stood up with him. When he finished the Salat (prayer) and the people expected him to do the Taslim (salutation), he uttered the Takbir while sitting and made two prostrations before saying the Taslim (salutation), then he uttered the Taslim (salutation). .

In the narration of Muslim it is mentioned that, “He (ﷺ) uttered the Takbir for each prostration while sitting and the people prostrated with him to make up for the sitting he had forgotten.”

The Prophet (ﷺ) led us in two Rak’at of one of the two, Zuhr or ‘Asr prayers, and said the Taslim (salutation). He then got up and went towards a piece of wood which was at the front part of the mosque and placed his hands upon it. Abu Bakr and ‘Umar were among the people, but they were afraid to speak to him. Then some of the hasty type of people came out and said, “Has the Salat (prayer) been shortened?” A man whom the Prophet (ﷺ) called Dhul Yadain (the long armed) asked: “Have you forgotten, O Allah’s Messenger or has the prayer been shortened?” He said, “I have neither forgotten nor has it been shortened.” He said, “Indeed you have forgotten.” He then prayed the remaining two Rak’at, then said the Taslim (salutation). He then uttered the Takbir and prostrated similar to his normal prostration or longer, then raised up his head and uttered the Takbir. He then prostrated and uttered the Takbir, and the prostration was similar to his normal prostration or longer. He then raised his head and uttered the Takbir. .

“‘Asr prayer”.

“He said, ‘Has Dhul-Yadain spoken the truth?’ Then they said ‘Yes’ with gesture”.

This is found in Sahihain, but with the word “Fa qalu”.

“and he did not prostrate till Allah made him certain of this (i.e. as-Sahw).”

The Prophet (ﷺ) led them in prayer and forgot (something). He then made two prostrations and then said the Tashahhud and uttered the Taslim (salutation). .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When anyone of you is in doubt about his Salat (prayer) and does not know how many he has prayed, three or four (Rak’at) he should cast aside his doubt and base his prayer on what he is sure of. Then, he should perform two prostrations before Taslim (salutation). If he has prayed five Rak’at, they will make his Salat (prayer) an even number for him and if he has prayed exactly four, they (i.e. two prostrations) will be humiliation for the devil.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) offered prayer and when he said Taslim (salutation), he was asked, “O Allah’s Messenger! Has something new happened to the Salat (prayer)?” He asked, “What is that?” They said, “You have prayed so many and so many (Rak’at).” He said, “He then bent his legs, faced the Qiblab, and made two prostrations and then said the Taslim (salutations). Then he faced us and said, “If something new is introduced to the Salat (prayer), I shall inform you but I am a human being like you, I forget just as you forget; so if I forget remind me and if any of you is in doubt about his Salat (prayer) he should act upon what he thinks is correct and complete his prayer in that respect and then he should make two prostrations.” .

‘he should complete (the prayer) then he should say Taslim and then perform the prostration’.

‘the Prophet (ﷺ) performed two Sajdatus-Sabw after Taslim and talking’.

‘Whoever doubts about his Salat (prayer), should make two prostrations after the Taslim (salutations).’ .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When one of you doubts and stands at the end of two Rak’at, if he remembers while having stood up completely he should continue and should not return (to the sitting position) and he should make two prostrations, but if he did not stand up straight he should sit down and there is no forgetfulness (prostration) upon him.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “There is no (prostrations of) forgetfulness for one who is led (in prayer) by an Imam, but when the Imam forgets, both should then make prostrations due to forgetfulness.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “There are two prostrations after the Taslim (salutation) for each forgetfulness.” .

We prostrated with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) (as he recited these Surah) “When the heaven split asunder” (Surah 84) and “Read in the Name of your Lord” (Surah 96). [Reported by Muslim).

A prostration while reciting Surat Sad (Surah 38) is not one of the ‘Azaa’im (those which are always required), but I have seen Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) prostrating while reciting it. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) prostrated in Surat an-Najm (Chapter 53). .

I recited to the Prophet (ﷺ) “an-Najm” (Surah 53) but he did not prostrate in it. [Agreed upon).

Surat al-Hajj has been distinguished by two prostrations. .

“If anyone does not make two prostrations (when reciting Surat Al-Hajj), he should not recite it.” .

He said, “O people! We pass (in our recitation) verses to be prostrated at, so whoever prostrates has done the right thing, and there is no sin upon the one who does not prostrate.” . It also contains the words: ‘Allah the Most High has not made the prostration (of recitation) compulsory, unless one wishes (to do so).’ [This Hadith is in the Muwatta’ of Imam Malik).

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite the Qur’an to us, and when he came to a place where a prostration should be made, he uttered the Takbir and prostrated and we prostrated with him. .

Whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) received a matter which pleased him he used to prostrate to Allah . .

The Prophet (ﷺ) prostrated and prolonged the Sajda, he then raised his head and said, “Jibrael (Gabriel) had come and given me glad tidings, thereafter I prostrated in gratitude to Allah.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) sent ‘Ali to Yemen. The narrator mentioned the complete Hadith. He said, “Ali sent a letter regarding their (the people of Yemen) acceptance of Islam. When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) read the letter, he prostrated in gratitude to Allah the Most High for that.” .

And its basic meaning is found in Sahih al-Bukhari.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said to me, “Ask.” I said, “I ask your company in Paradise.” He replied, “Or something else?” I said, “That is it (i.e. that is what I desire).” He said, “Then help me to achieve this for you by devoting yourself often to prostration.” .

I memorized from the Prophet (ﷺ) ten (voluntary) Rak’at – two Rak’at before the Zuhr prayer and two after it; two Rak’at after Maghrib prayer in his house, and two Rak’at after ‘Isha’ prayer in his house, and two Rak’at before the Fajr prayer. .

‘two Rak’at after Jumu’ah prayer in his house.’

‘He never prayed after the break of dawn except two light Rak’at.’

The Prophet (ﷺ) never left four Rak’at before the Zuhr prayer, and two Rak’at before the Fajr prayer. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) was more particular about offering the two (optional) Rak’at at dawn than he was about offering any of the other optional prayers. .

“The two Rak’at at dawn are better than this world and what it contains.”

She heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) say, “Whoever prays twelve (voluntary) Rak’at in a day and a night, a house will be built for him in Paradise due to them (the Rak’at).” . In another narration, it is mentioned: “Voluntarily”.

“four Rak’at before Zuhr and two Rak’at after it and two Ra’kat after Maghrib and two after ‘Isha’ and two Rak’at before the Fajr prayer.”

“Whoever prays regularly four Rak’at before and four Rak’at after the Zuhr prayer, Allah will forbid for him (from entering) the Hellfire.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “May Allah mercy on a person who prays four Rak’at before the ‘Asr prayer. ” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Pray before Maghrib, pray before Maghrib” then he said at the third time, “Whoever wishes (to)”. He said so, because he did not like the people to take it as a Sunnah. .

“The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed two Rak’at before the Maghrib (prayer).”

Muslim has reported from Anas (RA) that he said, “We used to pray two Rak’at after sunset and the Prophet (ﷺ) used to see us, but he neither commanded nor forbade us.”

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to make the two (voluntary) Rak’at before the Fajr prayer so short that I would wonder whether he recited al-Fatiha (or not). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) recited Surat al-Kafirun, and Surat al-Ikhlas in the two (voluntary) Rak’at of the Fajr (prayer). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to lie down on his right side, after praying the two (voluntary) Rak’at of the Fajr (prayer). .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If any of you prays the two Rak’at before the dawn prayer, he should lie on his right side.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The (voluntary) night prayers are two Rak’at, two Rak’at (in pairs), and if one fears that the dawn prayer is due, he should then offer one Rak’at which will make what he has prayed an odd number.” [Agreed upon).

“the (voluntary) day and night prayers are two Rak’at, two Rak’at (in pairs).” an-Nasa’i said, “This is a mistake.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The most excellent prayer after that which is obligatory is the (voluntary) late night prayer.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “al-Witr prayer is a duty upon every Muslim, so whoever likes to offer it with five Rak’at let him do so and whoever likes to offer it with three let him do so, and whoever likes to offer it with one let him do so.” .

The Witr prayer is not obligatory as the prescribed prayer is , but it is a Sunnah which was established by the practice of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ). .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) prayed during the month of Ramadan. Then they (the Sahabah) waited for him on the following night, but he did not come out and he said, “I feared that the Witr (prayer) might be prescribed for you.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Allah the Exalted has given you an extra prayer which is better for you than the red camels (high breed camels).” We asked, “What is it O Allah’s Messenger.” He said, “The Witr between the ‘Isha’ prayer and up till the break of dawn.” .

Ahmad reported something similar to the above Hadith from ‘Amr bin Shu’aib on the authority of his father who reported it on the authority of ‘Amr’s grandfather.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The Witr is a duty, so he who does not offer it, is not one of us.” .

The above mentioned Hadith has a Shahid (supporting narration) which is weak, reported by Ahmad from Abu Hurairah (RA).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) did not offer more than eleven (voluntary) Rak’at during Ramadan nor during other than Ramadan. He offered four Rak’at – Do not ask about their beauty and length! (It is beyond description or imitation]. Again he would pray four Rak’at – Do not ask about their beauty and length! . Then he would pray three (Rak’at of Witr). ‘Aishah (RA) said: “I said, O Allah’s Messenger will you sleep before you pray Witr?” He said, “O ‘Aishah my eyes sleep, but my heart does not sleep.” .

“He used to pray ten Rak’at (of prayer), and making it Witr by one Rak’at, and he used to pray the two (Sunnah) Rak’at of Fajr, so that it became thirteen Rak’at.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to pray thirteen Rak’at during the night, offering a Witr out of that with five and sitting only during the last of them. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) offered Witr prayer (on different nights) at various hours, extending (from the ‘Isha’ prayer) up to the last hour of the night. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) told me, “O ‘Abdullah! Do not be like so-and-so who used to be awake in the night for prayer and then gave it up.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “O people of the Qur’an! Offer Witr (prayer), because Allah is Witr (One) and loves Witr.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Make the last of your prayer at night Witr (an odd number).” .

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saying, “There are no two Witr (prayers) during one night.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) recited in Witr prayer Surat al-A’la (in the first Rak’at), Surat al-Kafirun (in the second Rak’at) and Surat al-Ikhlas (in the third Rak’at). . The latter added, “And he did not say the Taslim (salutation) except in the last (Rak’at) of them.”

Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi report something similar from ‘Aishah (RA) that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to recite a Surat in every Rak’at and in the last (third) Rak’at he would recite Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad (Surat al-Ikhlas) and al-Mu’awwidhatain.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Offer Witr prayer before it is morning.” .

‘Whosoever reaches the dawn, and he did not offer Witr, then there is no Witr for him.’

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever oversleeps and misses the Witr, or forgets it, should pray (when he awakens) in the moming or when he remembers.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If anyone is afraid that he may not get up in the latter part of the night, he should offer Witr in the first part of it; and if anyone expects to get up in the last part of it, he should offer Witr at the end of the night, for prayer at the end of the night is witnessed (by the angels) and that is preferable.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “When the dawn breaks, then the time of all night prayers including the Witr is over, so observe the Witr before dawn.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to pray four Rak’at in Duha prayer and increase (the number of Rak’at) as much as Allah willed.” .

was asked, “Did Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) use to offer the Duha prayer?” She replied, “No, unless he came back from a journey.”

said, “I have never seen Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) offering Duha prayer, yet I offer it.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The prayer of those who are penitent is offered when the young weaned camels feel the heat of the sand.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever prays twelve Rak’at of Duha, Allah will build a castle for him in Paradise.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) entered my house and prayed eight Rak’at of Duha prayer. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The prayer offered in congregation is twenty-seven degrees more rewardable than a prayer offered by a single person.” .

“Twenty-five degrees (more).”

“He (ﷺ) said (the word) Daraja (degree).”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, I have thought of giving orders for fuel wood to be gathered, then giving orders for Salat (prayer) and having the Adhan called, then ordering a man to lead the people (in prayer), then going off to some people (men) who are not present at the prayer and burning down their houses upon them. By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, if one of them knew he would find a fat meaty bone or two fine sheep hooves he would attend the ‘Isha’ (evening prayer).” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The most burdensome prayers for hypocrites are the ‘Isha’ and the Fajr prayers and if they knew what (rewards) these (prayers) contain, they would have come to them (in the mosques), even though they had to crawl on their knees.” .

A blind man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “O Messenger of Allah, I have no guide to take me to the mosque.” He said, “Then respond to it.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever hears the call for prayer and and does not come (to the mosque for prayer), his prayer will not be accepted from him, unless he has a (legitimate) excuse.” .

He offered the morning prayer with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and when Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) finished his prayer, he saw two men who had not prayed with him. He ordered them to be brought and they were brought trembling with fear. He asked them what had prevented you from praying with us?” They said, “We had already prayed at our homes.” He said, “Don’t do so! If you pray at your homes and then you come while the Imam has not yet performed the prayer, you must pray with him, and it will be a voluntary prayer for you.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The Imam has been appointed to be followed (in the congregational prayers). So, when he utters the Takbir, utter the Takbir too, and do not utter the Takbir until he utters it. When he bows, you should bow, and do not bow until he bows. When he says, “Allah listens to him who praises him,” say, “O Allah, our Rabb, to you is the praise.” When he prostrates, you prostrate; and do not prostrate until he prostrates. If he prays standing, pray standing, and if he prays sitting, all of you pray sitting.” .

And its basic meaning is in the Sahihain (of al-Bukhari and Muslim)].

When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saw a tendency among his Companions of going to the back he said, “Come forward and follow my lead and let those behind you follow you.” .

Allah’s (ﷺ) made a small room of a mat (i.e. he used it to designate a space for prayer) and prayed inside it. The people followed him, and they came to pray behind him. The narrator mentioned the rest of the Hadith, and it contains the words: “The most excellent prayer of a person is (that which he prays) in his house except that which is prescribed (the five congregational prayers).” .

Mu’adh bin Jabal (RA) led his companions in the al-‘Isha (night prayer) and prolonged it for them. Upon this the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, “O Mu’adh, do you want to become a Fattan? When you lead people in prayers, recite ash-Shamsi wa duhaha (Surat 91), Sabbihisma Rabbikal-A’la (Surat 87), Iqra’ Bismi Rabbika (Surat 96) and Wal-Laili idha yaghsha (Surat 92).” [Agreed upon. And the wording is from Muslim].

Narrated ‘Aishah (RA) regarding Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) leading the people in Salat (prayer) during his illness. She said, “He came and sat on the left side of Abu Bakr (RA). So he (ﷺ) was leading the people in prayer while sitting and Abu Bakr standing. Abu Bakr was following the prayer of the Prophet (ﷺ), and the people were following the prayer of Abu Bakr.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “When one of you leads the people in prayer he should be brief, for among them are the young and the old, the weak and those who have needs to attend to. But if he prays by himself he may pray as he wishes.” .

My father said, “I have come from the true Prophet (ﷺ), so when the time of Salat (prayer) comes one of you should announce the Adhan and the one of you who knows the Qur’an most should be your Imam.” He (‘Amr) said: “They looked around and there was no one who knew the Qur’an more than I. So they put me forward in front of them and I was only six or seven years old.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The one who knows the Book of Allah most should be the Imam of the people. If they are equal in the recitation, then the one who knows the Sunnah most and if they are equal in the Sunnah then the earliest of them to emigrate (to al-Madinah) and if they are equal in the emigration then the oldest among them in Islam. In another narration it has “agewise”. And no man should lead another in prayer in his domain or sit in his place of honor without his permission.” .

Ibn Majah reported the following from Jabir’s narration, “A woman is never to lead a man in prayer, neither a bedouin (desert Arab) to lead an emigrant, nor a sinner to lead a believer.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Stand close together in your rows, bring them (the rows) near one another, and stand neck to neck (in straight lines).” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The best of the men’s rows is the first and the worst is the last; and the best of the women’s rows is the last and the worst is the first.” .

“I prayed (the night Tahajjud prayer) with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) one night and I stood on his left side, whereupon he took me by the back of my head and made me go round to his right side. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) prayed and an orphan and I prayed behind him and Umm Sulaim (RA) was behind us. .

He reached the Prophet (ﷺ) while he was bowing, so he (Abu Bakrah) bowed before reaching the row. He mentioned that to the Prophet (ﷺ) and the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, “May Allah increase your eagerness! But do not repeat.” .

“He bowed before reaching the row then walked and joined the row.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saw a man praying alone behind the row so he ordered him to repeat the Salat (prayer). .

“The prayer of a person who prays alone behind the row is not accepted.

And at-Tabarani added to the narration of Wabisah, “Why did you not join them or pull back a man (to your position)?”

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “If you hear the Iqamah, you must walk to the prayer (place) with tranquility and dignity, and do not hasten; and whatever portion of the prayer you get (along with the Imam) offer it, and complete afterwards whatever you missed. [Agreed upon, and the wording is al-Bukhari’s).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “A man’s prayer offered with another man is purer than his prayer which he offers alone, and his prayer with two men is purer than his prayer with one and if they are more (in number), it is more beloved to Allah, the Mighty the Majestic.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded her to lead the members of her household (in prayer). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed Ibn Umm Maktum (RA) to lead the people in prayer in his absence and he was blind. .

Ibn Hibban also reported something similar from ‘Aishah (RA).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Pray (funeral prayers) over him who said (believed): ‘Nothing deserves to be worshiped except Allah’; and pray behind him who says: ‘Nothing deserves to be worshiped except Allah’.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “If one of you comes to Salat (prayer) and the Imam is at a certain position, he must do as the Imam is doing.” .

Narrated ‘Aishah (RA) that when the Salat (prayer) was first prescribed, it consisted of two Rak’at. Afterwards, the prayer during travelling was confirmed (as two Rak’at), while the prayer at the place of residence was completed (as four Rak’at). .

‘Then emigrated and it was prescribed as four, but prayer while travelling was left according to the original prescription (of two Rak’at).’

Ahmad added, ‘Except the Maghrib (prayer) for it is the Witr (prayer) of the day; and except the Fajr (prayer), since the recitation (of the Qur’an) is prolonged in it.’

While on a journey, the Prophet (ﷺ) used to shorten the prayer (sometimes) and offer it completely (sometimes). Similarly, he used to observe fast (sometimes) and break it (sometimes). .

‘It is not hard for me.’ .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Allah the Most High loves that His permissions be practiced, just as he dislikes that disobedience to Him be committed.” .

A narration has, “As He loves that His… duties be observed.”

When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) went out on a journey of three miles or three Farasikh, he (ﷺ) used to pray two Rak’at. . Farasikh (plural of Farsakh) is Persian unit of distance. Farsakh is equal to about three miles.

We went from al-Madinah to Makkah with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and he prayed two Rak’at at each time of prayer till we returned to al-Madinah. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) (made a journey during which) he had a stop of nineteen days, during which he shortened his prayers. And in a narration: “(he (ﷺ) stayed) nineteen days in Makkah.”

“seventeen days.”

“fifteen days.”

“eighteen days.”

Allah’s Messenger (RA) stayed at Tabuk for twenty days, and he shortened the prayers (during his stay). .

When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) (while on a journey) proceeded before the sun had declined from the centre of the sky, he (ﷺ) delayed the Zuhr prayer till the time of the ‘Asr prayer; he (ﷺ) would then alight and combine the two prayers. If the sun declined before he (ﷺ) moved off, he (ﷺ) would offer the Zuhr prayer and ride (i.e. travel). .

In the narration of al-Hakim quoted in the al-Arba’in with a Sahih Isnad, “He (ﷺ) prayed Zuhr and ‘Asr then rode (his beast, to continue his journey.)”

Abu Nu’aim has in his Mustakhraj of Muslim, “While on a journey, if the sun declined he (ﷺ) used to pray Zuhr and ‘Asr together and then continue his journey.”

We went out with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) on the Tabuk expedition, and he would offer Zuhr and ‘Asr prayers together and Magbrib and ‘Isha’ prayers together. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Do not shorten the prayer (while travelling) for a distance of less than four Burud; from Makkah to ‘Usfan.” . Burud: Plural of Barid, which means three Farsakh, and one Farsakh is equal to three miles.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The best of my followers are those who, having done evil, ask for forgiveness (from Allah); and when on a journey, shorten (the prayer) and break the fast.” .

al-Baihaqi reported it in brief as a Mursal (missing link after the Tabi’i) from Sa’id bin al-Musaiyab.

I suffered from piles. So I asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about the prayers. He said: “Pray standing; and if you are unable, (pray) sitting; and if you are unable, (pray) lying on your side.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) visited a sick man and saw him praying on a cushion, he threw it away and said, “Pray on the ground, if you can, or else pray by gestures and make your prostration lower than your bowing.” .

I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) praying while sitted in a cross-legged position. .

They heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) say (while standing) upon the planks of his pulpit: “People must cease to neglect the Friday prayers, or else Allah will seal their hearts and then they will be among the unmindful.” .

We used to offer the Friday prayer with Allah’s Messenger (RA) and return (to our homes) while the walls had no shade for us to go under (at that time). .

“We used to offer the Friday prayers with him when the sun passed the meridian. We would then return and try to find the afternoon shadow.

We would not have a siesta (mid-day nap) nor lunch till after the Friday prayer. .

“during the life time of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was standing while delivering the Khutbah (religious talk, sermon) on Friday when a caravan from Syria arrived. The people flocked towards it till no one was left except twelve men. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever is in time for a Rak’ah of the Friday prayer, or any other prayer, should add another (Rak’ah) to it and his prayer will then be complete.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to deliver the Khutbah (religious talk, sermon) while standing. He (ﷺ) would then sit down and then stand up and deliver the Khutbah in a standing posture. So, whoever informs you that he delivered the Khutbah (religious talk, sermon) while sitting has definitely told a lie. .

Whenever Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) delivered a Khutbah (religious talk), his eyes would become red, his voice rose and his anger would become intensified, as if he (ﷺ) was like one warning an army and saying, “The enemy has made a morning attack on you. The enemy has made an evening attack on you.” He (ﷺ) would also say “Amma ba’du, the best of speech is embodied in the Book of Allah, and the best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad. And the most evil of affairs are their innovations and every innovation is misguidance.” .

“In the Prophet’s Khutbah on Friday: He would praise Allah and extol Him. Then, following that, he would say – and he had raised his voice…”

“Whoever Allah guides, no one can lead astray; and whoever Allah leads astray, no one can guide him.”

“Every misguidance is (a cause to enter) the Fire.”

He heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) say: “The length of a man’s prayer and the shortness of his Khutbah (religious talk) are a sign of his understanding (of the religion).” .

I learnt Surat Qaf (Chapter 50) from no other source than the tongue of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) who used to recite it every Friday on the pulpit when he delivered the Khutbah (sermon) to the people.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever speaks on Friday while the Imam is giving the Khutbah (religious talk), he is like a donkey which carries books; and he who tells him to be quiet has no Jumu’ah.” .

On Friday, when the Imam is delivering the Khutbah (religious talk), if you say to your companion to keep quiet, then indeed you have committed a sin (error/something senseless).

A man entered the mosque on a Friday when the Prophet (ﷺ) was delivering the Khutbah (religious talk, sermon) and he said, “Stand and pray two Rak’at.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite in Jumu’ah prayer Surat al-Jumu’ah and al-Munafiqun. .

He used to recite in the two ‘Eids and in the Friday prayer: “Sabbih isma Rabbikal-A’la (Surat 87)” and “Hal ataka hadithul-ghashiyah (Surat 88).” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed the ‘Eid prayer (on a Friday); and granted a permission (to be excused) from the praying of Friday prayer and said, “Whoever wants to pray it, he may pray.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “When anyone of you prays the Jumu’ah prayer, he should pray four (optional) Rak’at after it.” .

That we should not connect a prayer to another prayer till we talk or go out (in between them).”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever takes a bath, then comes to al-Jumu’ah prayer, then prays what was fixed for him, then keeps silent till the Imam finishes the Khutbah (religious talk – sermon), and then prays along with him – his sins (committed) between that time and the next Friday will be forgiven, with an addition of three days more.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) mentioned the day of al-Jumu’ah and then said, “There is a time in it (Friday) at which no Muslim would stand up while praying and beg Allah, Who is Great and Glorious, for something except that He would give it to him. He (ﷺ) indicated with his hand that it (this time) is short.” .

“This time is brief.”

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) say, “That time is between the time when the Imam sits down and the end of the prayer.” .

Ibn Majah reported from ‘Abdullah bin Salam

“It is between the ‘Asr prayer and sunset.”

More than forty different sayings were narrated about this (special fortune time on Friday), and I have detailed them in (my book) ‘Sharh al-Bukhari’.

It is decided in the Sunnah that the Friday prayer (established/recognized) when forty praying persons or more attend it. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to ask for (Allah’s) forgiveness for the believing men and believing women, every al-Jumu’ah (Friday prayer). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite some verses from the Qur’an in the Friday Khutbah (religious talk – sermon), reminding the people. .

And its basic meaning is in Muslim.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The Friday prayer in congregation is an obligatory duty upon every Muslim, with the exception of four: a slave, a woman, a child and a sick person.” .

al-Hakim also reported it from the narration of the aforementioned Tariq, who narrated from Abu Musa.

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Jumu’ah prayer is not obligatory on a traveller.” .

Whenever Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) ascended the Minbar (to give the Friday Khutbah), we used to face him. .

It has a Shahid (supporting narration) in the Hadith of al-Bara’, reported by Ibn Khuzaimah.

We attended the Friday prayer with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he (ﷺ) stood leaning on a staff or a bow. .

Narrated Salih bin Khawwat on the authority of one who offered the Fear prayer with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) at the battle of Dhatur-Riqa’ that a group (of the army) formed a line along with him and a group faced the enemy. He (ﷺ) led the group which was with him in a Rak’ah, and then remained standing while they finished their prayer by themselves. They then departed and lined up facing the enemy, and the other party came. He led them in the remaining Rak’a (of his prayer), after which he remained sitting while they finished their prayer by themselves. He then led them in uttering the Taslim (salutation). .

from Salih ibn Khawwat, from his father.

I went on an expedition with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) to Najd, and when we came in front of the enemy we lined up in ranks facing them. Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) then stood up and led us in prayer. One group stood up with him while the other faced the enemy. He prayed a Rak’ah with those who were with him and made two prostrations. Then, they changed places with those who had not prayed. When they came Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) prayed a Rak’ah with them and made two prostrations. He then uttered the Taslim (salutation) and each of them got up and prayed a Rak’ah alone and made two prostrations. .

“I witnessed Salat-al-Khauf with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and we lined up in two rows behind him with the enemy between us and the Qiblah. The Prophet (ﷺ) uttered the Takbir and we all uttered it; then he bowed and we all bowed; then he raised his head after bowing and we all raised ours; then he and the row immediately behind him went down in prostration while the rear row stood facing the enemy. Then, when Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) finished the prostration and the row immediately behind him stood up…” then he mentioned the Hadith. And in a narration “Then he prostrated and the first row prostrated with him. So when they stood, the second row prostrated then the first row went back and the second row came forward…” then he mentioned a similar to it. And at the end of it “Then the Prophet (ﷺ) uttered the Taslim (salutation) and we all did so.” .

“it was in Usfan.”

The Prophet (ﷺ) led a group of his Companions in two Rak’at after which he uttered the Taslim (salutation). Then he led another group in two Rak’at after which he uttered the Taslim (salutation).”

Abu Dawud has reported similarly from Abu Bakrah (RA).

The Prophet (ﷺ) performed Salatal-Khauf leading these (Companions) in one Rak’ah and those (other Companions) in one Rak’ah, and they did not make up the second Rak’ah. .

Ibn Khuzaimah has reported it similarly from Ibn ‘Abbas (RA).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The prayer in time of danger is one Rak’ah, in whatever manner it is (performed).” .

(This Hadith is) attributed to the Prophet (ﷺ) “There is no Sahw (prostration for forgetfulness) in the prayer in time of danger.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “(‘Eid) al-Fitr is the day on which the people break the fast, and (‘Eid) al-Adha is the day the people offer sacrifices.” .

Narrated Abu ‘Umair bin Anas bin Malik (RA) on the authority of some of his paternal uncles who were among the Companions, that some riders came and testified that they had seen the new moon the previous day. The Prophet (ﷺ) therefore commanded the people to break the fast and go out to their place of prayer in the morning. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) would not go out on the day of the breaking of the fast till he ate some dates, which he used to eat in odd numbers. .

“and he used to them one by one.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) would not go out on the day of breaking of the fast till he had some food, and he would not to take any food on the day of sacrifice till he had prayed (the ‘Eid prayer). .

We were commanded to bring out on ‘Eidul-Fitr and ‘Eidul-Adha, the young women and the menstruating women to participate in the goodness and supplications of the Muslims. However, the menstruating women would refrain from the (actual) place of prayer. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (RA) used to offer the ‘Eid prayer before the Khutbah (religious talk – sermon). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) offered two Rak’at on the day of ‘Eid, and did not pray before or after them. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) offered the ‘Eid prayer without an Adhan or an Iqamah. .

And its basic meaning is in al-Bukhari.

The Prophet (ﷺ) never used to offer any prayer before the ‘Eid prayer. But when he went back home, he used to pray two Rak’at. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to go out on the day of the breaking of the fast and the day of sacrifice to the place of prayer, and the first thing he would start with was the prayer. When he finished he would stand facing the people, who were seated in their rows, and he would then preach to them and command them. .

The Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The Takbir in (‘Eid) al-Fitr prayer are seven in the first Rak’ah and five in the second, and the recitation of the Qur’an in both is after the Takbir.” .

at-Tirmidhi transmitted its Tashih (grading of authenticity) from al-Bukhari.

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite on (‘Eid) al-Adha and (‘Eid) al-Fitr, Surat Qaf (Chapter 50) and Surat Al-Qamar (Chapter 54). .

On an ‘Eid day, Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) would return by a different road from the one he had taken when going out (for the ‘Eid prayer.) .

Abu Dawud has a similar report from Ibn ‘Umar (RA).

“Allah has substituted for you something better than them: the day of sacrifice and the day of breaking the fast.” .

It is Sunnah to go to the ‘Eid (prayer) walking. .

It rained on an ‘Eid day, so the Prophet (ﷺ) led them (the people) in the ‘Eid prayer in the mosque. .

That there was a solar eclipse in the time of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) on the day his son Ibrahim died. The people said, “The eclipse of the sun has happened due to the death of Ibrahim.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The sun and the moon are two of Allah’s signs; they are not eclipsed due to the death or the life of anyone. So when you see them (the eclipse of the moon or sun) supplicate to Allah and offer prayers until the eclipse is over.” .

“till it becomes bright.”

Pray and supplicate (to Allah) till (the eclipse) is over.”

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) recited (from the Qur’an) in an audible voice in the prayer at an eclipse, and prayed two Rak’at in which he bowed four times and prostrated four times.” .

“He (ﷺ) sent an announcer to announce: The prayer is (to be offered) in congregation”.

There was an eclipse of the sun in the life-time of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and then he prayed and stood for a long time, about as long as it would take to recite Surat al-Baqarah. Then, he bowed for a long time, and then he raised his head and stood for a long time, which was less than the first standing. Then, he bowed again for a long time, which was less than the first bowing. Then, he prostrated (twice) and then he stood for a long time, which was less than the first time standing. Then, he bowed for a long time, which was less than the first bowing. Then, he raised his head and stood up for a long time, which was less than the first standing. Then, he bowed for a long time, which was less than the first bowing. Then he prostrated (twice), and then he finished (the prayer), and the sun had become bright. He then delivered a Khutbah (religious talk, sermon). .

“When there was an eclipse of the sun, Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) performed eight bowings with four prostrations (in a two Rak’ah prayer for Eclipse)”.

Muslim reported from ‘Ali (RA) similarly.

“He performed six bowings with four prostrations (in a two Rak’ah prayer for Eclipse).”

“He prayed (the Eclipse prayer) and bowed five times and prostrated twice (in the first Rak’ah), and in the second Rak’a he also did the same.”

No wind ever blew without the Prophet (ﷺ) getting down on his knees and saying, “O Allah, make it a mercy and do not make it a punishment.” .

He prayed during an earthquake six bowings and four prostrations, and said, “This is the way the Prayer of the Signs (of Allah) is offered. .

ash-Shafi’i reported a similar Hadith without its end through ‘Ali bin Abu Talib (RA).

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) went out (of al-Madinah, to pray for rain) humbling (himself), wearing rough clothes, submissive, walking slowly, supplicating (Allah). Then, he offered two Rak’at in the same way he prayed ‘Eid, but did not deliver your kind of Khutbah (religious talk, sermon). .

The people complained to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) of the lack of rain. So, he gave orders for a minbar, which was put for him at the prayer place. He then fixed a day for the people to come out. And he (ﷺ) came out when the edge of the sun appeared, sat down on the Minbar pronounced the greatness of Allah and expressed His praise. Then, he said, “You have complained of drought in your abodes. Allah has ordered you to supplicate Him, and promised that He would answer (your supplications).” Then he (ﷺ) said: All Praise is due to Allah, the Rabb (Lord) of the universe, the Compassionate, the Merciful, the Master of the Day of Judgement; nothing deserves to be worshipped except Allah, Who does what He wills. O Allah! You are Allah, nothing deserves to be worshipped except You; You are the Rich, and we are the poor; send down rain upon us and make what You send down strength and satisfaction for a time.” He (ﷺ) then raised his hands and kept rising them till the whiteness of his armpits was visible. He then turned his back to the people and inverted his cloak while keeping his hands raised. He (ﷺ) then faced the people, descended and prayed two Rak’at. Then, Allah produced a cloud and storms of thunder and lightning came and the rain fell. .

“He (ﷺ) faced the Qiblah making supplication. Then, he prayed two Rak’at, reciting (the Qur’an) in them audibly.”

“He (ﷺ) turned his cloak round, so that the drought may turn [from dry land to rained land).

The Prophet (ﷺ) was delivering the Khutbah (religious talk, sermon) while standing on a Friday when a man came into the mosque and said, “O Messenger of Allah! The livestock have died and the roads are cut off, so supplicate Allah to send us down rain.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) raised his hands and then said, “O Allah! send us down rain, O Allah! send us down rain, O Allah! send us down rain.” And the reporter mentioned the complete Hadith, which contains supplication to stop the rain. .

When they experienced drought ‘Umar bin al-Khattab (RA) used to seek rain by asking al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul Muttalib (RA) to supplicate Allah for rain. He (‘Umar) would say: ‘O Allah, we used to ask our Prophet (RA) to supplicate to You for rain, and You would give us rain. We are now asking our Prophet’s uncle to supplicate to You for rain, so give us rain.” They would then be given rain. .

Rain fell upon us while we were with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ). He opened his garment till some of the rain fell upon him. He then said, “It has only recently been created by its Rabb.” .

When the Prophet (ﷺ) saw rain he said, “O Allah, (send down) a beneficial downpour.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) supplicated (Allah) for rain saying, “O Allah, cover all the land with accumulated, thundering, plunging and lightening clouds from which You would send us down a showery, drizzly, and pouring rain. O Possessor of Glory and Honour.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: Sulaiman (AS) (Solomon – Peace be upon him) went out to pray for rain, and he saw an ant lying on its back, raising its legs to the sky saying: “O Allah, we are creatures among your creatures, we cannot live without your water.” He said (to his companions), “Go back, for you have been given water through the supplication of others.” .

The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed for rain pointing the back of his palms to the sky. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “There will be among my followers some people who will consider dultery (al-Hir) and the use of silk (al-Harir) lawful.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) forbade us from eating and drinking from gold and silver vessels, and from wearing or siting upon silk or brocade. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the wearing of silk except the space of two or three or four fingers. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) gave permission to ‘Abdur-Rahman bin ‘Auf and az-Zubair to wear silk during the journey because of an itching which they suffered from. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) presented me a silk suit of clothing. I went out wearing it, but on noticing anger on his face, I cut it up (and divided it) among the women of my household. .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Gold and silk are lawful for the females among my followers, but prohibited to the males”. .

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “When Allah grants His blessings to His servant, He loves to see the traces of His favour upon him.” .

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) forbade wearing of silk and clothes dyed with safflower (a red dye). .

The Prophet (ﷺ) saw me in two clothes dyed in safflower (a red dye), whereupon he said: “Did your mother order you to do this?” .

She brought out the mantle (over-garment) of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)) with it’s collar, sleeves, front and back hemmed with brocade (silk). .

“It was with ‘Aishah (RA) till she died, then I took possession of it. The Prophet (ﷺ) used to wear it, and we wash it for the sick, seeking cure by means of it.”

“He used to wear it on the visit of a delegation and on Fridays.”