The Tidings, The Announcement — Verse 12

and built above you seven mighty ones? seven heavens shidād is the plural of shadīda that is to say strong and sturdy unaffected by the passage of time

وبنينا فوقكم سبع سموات متينة البناء محكمة الخلق، لا صدوع لها ولا فطور؟

يعني السموات السبع في اتساعها وارتفاعها وإحكامها وإتقانها وتزيينها بالكواكب الثوابت والسيارات.

ثم لفت - سبحانه - الأنظار إلى مظاهر قدرته فى خلق السموات فقال : ( وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِدَاداً ) .أى : وبنينا وأوجدنا بقدرتنا التى لا يعجزها شئ ، فوقكم - أيها الناس - سبع سماوات قويات محكمات ، لا يتطرق إليهن فطور أو شقوق على مر العصور ، وكر الدهور .فقوله ( شِدَاداً ) جمع شديدة ، وهى الهيئة الموصوفة بالشدة والقوة .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا (12)يقول تعالى ذكره: (وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ) : وسقفنا فوقكم، فجعل السقف بناء، إذ كانت العرب تسمي سقوف البيوت - وهي سماؤها - بناءً وكانت السماء للأرض سقفا، فخاطبهم بلسانهم إذ كان التنـزيل بِلسانهم، وقال (سَبْعًا شِدَادًا) إذ كانت وثاقا محكمة الخلق، لا صدوع فيهنّ ولا فطور، ولا يبليهنّ مرّ الليالي والأيام.

"وبنينا فوقكم سبعاً شداداً"، يريد سبع سموات.

وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا (12)ناسب بعد ذكر الليل والنهار وهما من مظاهر الأفق المسمى سماء أن يُتبع ذلك وما سبقه من خلق العالم السفلي بذكر خلق العوالم العلوية .والبناء : جعل الجاعل أو صُنع الصانع بيتاً أو قصراً من حجارة وطين أو من أثواب ، أو من أدَممٍ على وجه الأرض ، وهو مصدر بنى ، فبيت المدَر مبني ، والخيمة مبنيّة ، والطِراف والقبة من الأدم مبنيان . والبناء يستلزم الإعلاء على الأرض فليس الحفر بناء ولا نقر الصخور في الجبال بناء . قال الفرزدق: ... إن الذي سمك السماء بنى لنابيتاً دعائمه أعز وأطول ... فذكر الدعائم وهي من أجزاء الخيمة .واستعير فعل { بنيْنا } في هذه الآية لمعنى : خلقنا ما هو عَالٍ فوق الناس ، لأن تكوينه عالياً يشبه البناء .ولذلك كان قوله : { فوقكم } إيماء إلى وجه الشبه في إطلاق فعل { بنينا } وليس ذلك تجريداً للاستعارة لأن الفوقية لا تختص بالمبنيّات ، مع ما فيه من تنبيه النفوس للاعتبار والنظر في تلك السَبع الشداد .والمراد بالسبع الشداد : السماوات ، فهو من ذكر الصفة وحذف الموصوف للعلم به كقوله تعالى : { حملناكم في الجارية } [ الحاقة : 11 ] ، ولذلك جاء الوصف باسم العدد المؤنث إذ التقدير : سبعَ سماوات .فيجوز أن يراد بالسبع الكواكب السبعة المشهورة بين الناس يومئذ وهي : زُحل ، والمشتري ، والمريخ ، والشمس ، والزُّهْرةُ ، وعطارد ، والقَمرُ . وهذا ترتيبها بحسب ارتفاع بعضها فوق بعض بما دل عليه خسوف بعضها ببعض حين يحول بينه وبين ضوء الشمس التي تكتسب بقية الكواكب النور من شعاع الشمس .وهذا المحمل هو الأظهر لأن العبرة بها أظهر لأن المخاطبين لا يرون السماوات السبع ويرون هذه السيارات ويعهدونها دون غيرها من السيارات التي اكتشفها علماء الفلك من بعد . وهي ( سَتّورن ) و ( نَبْتُون ) و ( أُورَانُوس ) وهي في عِلم الله تعالى لا محالة لقوله : { ألا يعلم من خلق } [ الملك : 14 ] وأن الله لا يقول إلا حقاً وصدقاً ويقرِّب للناس المعاني بقدر أفهامهم رحمة بهم .فأما الأرض فقد عدت أخيراً في الكواكب السيارة وحُذف القمر من الكواكب لتبيُّن أن حركته تابعة لحركة الأرض إلا أن هذا لا دخل له في الاستدلال لأن الاستدلال وقع بما هو معلوم مسلم يومئذ والكل من صنع الله .ويجوز أن يراد بالسماوات السبع طبقات علوية يعلمها الله تعالى وقد اقتنع الناس منذ القدم بأنها سبع سماوات .وشِداد : جمع شديدة ، وهي الموصوفة بالشدة ، والشدة : القوة .والمعنى : أنها متينة الخَلققِ قوية الأجرام لا يختل أمرها ولا تنقص على مرّ الأزمان .

أي سبع سموات محكمات ; أي محكمة الخلق وثيقة البنيان .

The physical events of the present world are indicative of the nature of the Hereafter. The ‘present’ of our world implies that it should have a ‘future’ consistent with it. Considered from this point of view, it must be accepted that there is going to be a great end to match a great beginning. This world is not going to finish without a befitting end.

Thereafter the verse reads: وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ‌ مَعَاشًا (and made the day a source of livelihood....78:11). Man requires, together with sleep, other essentials of life, such as livelihood. Otherwise, the sleep will turn into death. If the world would have had only nights and no days, and man would have continued to sleep all the time, how would he have obtained his livelihood and other essentials, whereas day is the time when he could work hard and make activities in the daylight in order to earn a living. Thus the verses under comment purport to say that Allah has, in order to complete the comforts of life, made the night a cloak and the day for earning a living. وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَ‌اجًا وَهَّاجًا . Now attention is drawn to the comforts we get from the sky. The most useful thing in the sky is the light of the sun. It is mentioned in the following verse: وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَ‌اجًا وَهَّاجًا . (and created a luminous lamp [ the sun ]....78:13). Then, among the useful things below the sky, the most beneficial and the most essential thing is the raining clouds which are mentioned thus:

(And We have built) and We have created (above you) above your heads (seven strong (heavens)) seven thick heavens,

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Refutation against the Idolators' Denial of the Occurrence of the Day of Judgement In rejection of the idolators' questioning about the Day of Judgement, due to their denial of its occurrence, Allah says, عَمَّ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ - عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ (What are they asking about About the great news,) meaning, what are they asking about They are asking about the matter of the Day of Judgement, and it is the great news. Meaning the dreadful, horrifying, overwhelming information. الَّذِى هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ (About which they are in disagreement.) meaning, the people are divided into two ideas about it. There are those who believe in it and those who disbelieve in it. Then Allah threatens those who deny the Day of Judgement by saying, كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ - ثُمَّ كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ (Nay, they will come to know! Nay, again, they will come to know!) This is a severe threat and a direct warning. Mentioning Allah's Power, and the Proof of His Ability to resurrect the Dead Then, Allah begins to explain His great ability to create strange things and amazing matters. He brings this as a proof of His ability to do whatever He wishes concerning the matter of the Hereafter and other matters as well. He says, أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الاٌّرْضَ مِهَـداً (Have We not made the earth as a bed,) meaning, an established, firm and peaceful resting place that is subservient to them. وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَاداً (And the mountains as pegs) meaning, He made them as pegs for the earth to hold it in place, make it stable and firm. This is so that it may be suitable for dwelling and not quake with those who are in it. Then Allah says, وَخَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَزْوَجاً (And We have created you in pairs.) meaning, male and female, both of them enjoying each other, and by this means procreation is achieved. This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمِنْ ءايَـتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَجاً لِّتَسْكُنُواْ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً (And among His signs is this that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy.) (30:21) وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتاً (And We have made your sleep as a thing for rest.) meaning, a cessation of movement in order to attain rest from the frequent repetition and going about in search of livelihood during the day. A similar Ayah has been mentioned previously in Surat Al-Furqan. وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً (And We have made the night as a covering,) meaning, its shade and darkness covers the people. This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَـهَا (By the night as it conceals it.) (91:4) Qatadah commented; وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً (And We have made the night as a covering,) meaning, a tranquil residence. Concerning Allah's statement, وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشاً (And We have made the day for livelihood.) meaning, `We made it radiant, luminous, and shining so that the people would be able to move about in it.' By it they are able to come and go for their livelihood, earning, business dealings and other than that as well. In reference to Allah's statement, وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِدَاداً (And We have built above you seven strong,) meaning, the seven heavens in their vastness, loftiness, perfection, precision, and adornment with both stable and moving stars. Thus, Allah says, وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجاً وَهَّاجاً (And We have made (therein) a shining lamp.) meaning, the radiant sun that gives light to all of the world. Its light glows for all of the people of the earth. Allah then says, وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً (And We have sent down from the Mu`sirat water Thajjaj.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "From the Mu`sirat means from the clouds." This was also stated by `Ikrimah, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ath-Thawri, and it is preferred by Ibn Jarir. Al-Farra' said, "They are the clouds that are filled with rain, but they do not bring rain. This is like the woman being called Mu`sir when (the time of) her menstrual cycle approaches, yet she does not menstruate." This is as Allah says, اللَّهُ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَـحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَاباً فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلاَلِهِ (Allah is He Who sends the winds, so that they raise clouds, and spread them along the sky as He wills, and then break them into fragments, until you see rain drops come forth from their midst!) (30:48) meaning, from its midst. Concerning Allah's statement, مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً (water Thajjaj) Mujahid, Qatadah, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all said, "Thajjaj means poured out." At-Thawri said, "Continuous." Ibn Zayd said, "Abundant." In the Hadith of the woman with prolonged menstrual bleeding, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, «أَنْعَتُ لَكِ الْكُرْسُف» (I suggest you to make an absorbent cloth for yourself.)" Meaning, `dress the area with cotton.' The woman replied, "O Messenger of Allah! It (the bleeding) is too much for that. Verily, it flows in profusely (Thajja)." This contains an evidence for using the word Thajj to mean abundant, continuous and flowing. And Allah knows best. Allah said, لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبّاً وَنَبَاتاً - وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً (That We may produce therewith corn and vegetation, and gardens that are Alfaf.) meaning, `so that We may bring out great abundance, goodness, benefit, and blessing through this water.' حَبّاً (grains) This refers to that which is preserved for (the usage) of humans and cattle. وَنَبَاتاً (and vegetations) meaning, vegetables that are eaten fresh. وَجَنَّـتٍ (And gardens) meaning, gardens of various fruits, differing colors, and a wide variety of tastes and fragrances, even if it is ingathered at one location of the earth. This is why Allah says وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً (And gardens that are Alfaf.) Ibn `Abbas and other said, "Alfaf means gathered." This is similar to Allah's statement, وَفِى الاٌّرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُّتَجَـوِرَتٌ وَجَنَّـتٌ مِّنْ أَعْنَـبٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَنٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَنٍ يُسْقَى بِمَآءٍ وَحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِى الاٍّكُلِ إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (And in the earth are neighboring tracts, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and date palms, growing into two or three from a single stem root, or otherwise, watered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. Verily, in these things there are Ayat for the people who understand.) (13:4) إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ كَانَ مِيقَـتاً - يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجاً - وَفُتِحَتِ السَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتْ أَبْوَباً - وَسُيِّرَتِ الْجِبَالُ فَكَانَتْ سَرَاباً - إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَاداً - لِّلطَّـغِينَ مَـَاباً - لَّـبِثِينَ فِيهَآ أَحْقَاباً - لاَّ يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرْداً وَلاَ شَرَاباً - إِلاَّ حَمِيماً وَغَسَّاقاً - جَزَآءً وِفَـقاً - إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ لاَ يَرْجُونَ حِسَاباً - وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا كِذَّاباً