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عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ
AAabdan itha salla
The Clot, Read / al-`Alaq (96:10)
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Abdel Haleem

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[Our] servant to pray
AAabdan itha salla

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Hadith References 1

Only hadith that explicitly reference Quranic verses are included, and this selection is not exhaustive. Narrations are curated to match the chosen verses from Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, cited via Sunnah.com.
Sahih Muslim #2797 Sahih

Abu Huraira reported that Abu Jahl asked (people) whether Muhammad placed his face (on the ground) in their presence. It was said to him: Yes. He said: By Lat and `Uzza. If I were to see him do that, I would trample his neck, or I would smear his face with dust. He came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as he…

Tafsir Commentary

a servant namely Muhammad (s) when he prays?
أرأيت أعجب مِن طغيان هذا الرجل (وهو أبو جهل) الذي ينهى عبدًا لنا إذا صلَّى لربه (وهو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم)؟ أرأيت إن كان المنهي عن الصلاة على الهدى فكيف ينهاه؟ أو إن كان آمرًا غيره بالتقوى أينهاه عن ذلك؟ أرأيت إن كذَّب هذا الناهي بما يُدعى إليه، وأعرض عنه، ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى كل ما يفعل؟ ليس الأمر كما يزعم أبو جهل، لئن لم يرجع هذا عن شقاقه وأذاه لنأخذنَّ بمقدَّم رأسه أخذًا عنيفًا، ويُطرح في النار، ناصيته ناصية كاذبة في مقالها، خاطئة في أفعالها. فليُحْضِر هذا الطاغية أهل ناديه الذين يستنصر بهم، سندعو ملائكة العذاب. ليس الأمر على ما يظن أبو جهل، إنه لن ينالك -أيها الرسول- بسوء، فلا تطعه فيما دعاك إليه مِن تَرْك الصلاة، واسجد لربك واقترب منه بالتحبب إليه بطاعته.
نزلت في أبي جهل لعنه الله توعد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على الصلاة عند البيت فوعظه تعالى بالتي هي أحسن أولا.
ثم عجَّب - سبحانه - نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم من حال هذا الشقى وأمثاله ، فقال : ( أَرَأَيْتَ الذي ينهى . عَبْداً إِذَا صلى ) . فالاستفهام فى قوله - تعالى - : ( أَرَأَيْتَ . . . ) للتعجيب من جهالة هذا الطاغى ، وانطماس بصيرته ، حيث نهى عن الخير ، وأمر بالشر ، والمراد بالعبد : رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وتنكيره للتفخيم والتعظيم .أى : أرأيت وعلمت - أيها الرسول الكريم - حالا أعجب وأشنع من حال هذا الطاغى الأحمق ، الذى ينهاك عن إقامة العبادة لربك الذى خلقك وخلقه .
ذُكر أن هذه الآية وما بعدها نـزلت في أبي جهل بن هشام، وذلك أنه قال فيما بلغنا: لئن رأيت محمدا يصلي، لأطأنّ رقبته؛ وكان فيما ذُكر قد نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يصلي، فقال الله لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: أرأيت يا محمد أبا جهل الذي يَنْهاك أن تصلي عند المقام، وهو مُعرض عن الحقّ، مكذّب به. يُعجِّب جلّ ثناؤه نبيه والمؤمنين من جهل أبي جهل، وجراءته على ربه، في نهيه محمدا عن الصلاة لربه، وهو مع أياديه عنده مكذّب به.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح. عن مجاهد. في قول الله: ( أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَى * عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى ) قال: أبو جهل، يَنْهي محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا صلى.حدثنا بشر. قال: ثنا يزيد. قال: ثنا سعيد. عن قتادة ( أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَى * عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى ) نـزلت في عدوّ الله أبي جهل، وذلك لأنه قال: لئن رأيت محمدا يصلي لأطأنّ على عنقه، فأنـزل الله ما تسمعون.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قول الله: ( أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَى * عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى ) قال: قال أبو جهل: لئن رأيت محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلي، لأطأنّ على عنقه؛ قال: وكان يقال: لكل أمة فرعون، وفرعون هذه الأمة أبو جهل.حدثنا إسحاق بن شاهين الواسطيّ، قال: ثنا خالد بن عبد الله، عن داود، عن عكرِمة، عن ابن عباس، قال: كان رسول صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلي، فجاءه أبو جهل، فنهاه أن يصلي، فأنـزل الله :( أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَى * عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى ...) إلى قوله: كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ .
"عبداً إذا صلى"،نزلت في أبي جهل ، نهى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن الصلاة .أخبرنا إسماعيل بن عبد القاهر ، أخبرنا عبد الغافر بن محمد ، أخبرنا محمد بن عيسى الجلودي ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن سفيان ، حدثنا مسلم بن الحجاج ، حدثنا عبد الله بن معاذ ومحمد بن عبد الأعلى القيسي ، قالا حدثنا المعتمر عن أبيه ، حدثني نعيم بن أبي هند ، عن أبي حازم ، عن أبي هريرة قال : قال أبو جهل : هل يعفر محمد وجهه بين أظهركم ؟ فقيل : نعم ، فقال : [ واللات ] والعزى لئن رأيته يفعل ذلك لأطأن على رقبته ، ولأعفرن وجهه في التراب ، قال : فأتى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وهو يصلي ، [ عزم ] ليطأ على رقبته ، فما فجأهم منه إلا وهو ينكص ، على عقبيه ، ويتقي بيديه ، قال فقيل له : ما لك يا أبا الحكم ؟ قال : إن بيني وبينه لخندقا من نار ، وهولا وأجنحة . فقال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : لو دنا مني لاختطفته الملائكة عضوا عضوا ، قال : فأنزل الله - لا ندري في حديث أبي هريرة أو شيء بلغه - : كلا إن الإنسان ليطغى أن رآه استغنى إن إلى ربك الرجعى أرأيت الذي ينهى عبدا إذا صلى الآيات .ومعنى " أرأيت " هاهنا تعجيب للمخاطب .
عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى (10)والرؤية علمية ، والمعنى : أعجب ما حصل لك من العلم قال الذي ينهى عبداً إذا صلى . ويجوز أن تكون الرؤية بصرية لأنها حكاية أمر وقع في الخارج والخطاب في { أرأيت } لغير معيّن .والمراد بالعبد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وإطلاق العبد هنا على معنى الواحد من عباد الله أيّ شَخْصصٍ كما في قوله تعالى : { بعثنا عليكم عباداً لنا أولي بأس شديد } [ الإسراء : 5 ] ، أي رجالاً . وعدل عن التعبير عنه بضمير الخطاب لأن التعجيب من نفس النهي عن الصلاة بقطع النظر عن خصوصية المصلّي . فشموله لنهيه عن صلاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أوقع ، وصيغة المضارع في قوله : { ينهى } لاستحضار الحالة العجيبة وإلا فإن نهيه قد مضى .والمنهي عنه محذوف يغني عنه تعليق الظرف بفعل { ينهى } أي نهاه عن صلاته .
يقول الله لهذا المتمرد العاتي: { أَرَأَيْتَ } أيها الناهي للعبد إذا صلى
عبدا وهو محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - . فإن أبا جهل قال : إن رأيت محمدا يصلي لأطأن على عنقه ; قاله أبو هريرة . فأنزل الله هذه الآيات تعجبا منه . وقيل : في الكلام حذف ; والمعنى : أمن هذا الناهي عن الصلاة من العقوبة .
Those who wage aggressive campaigns against Truth or place impediments in the way of those who adopt the path of Truth, are destined to have a miserable fate. In such circumstances, the real prop for a preacher of Truth is his prayers to God. Having been disappointed by people, he should turn to God for fulfilment. He should distance himself from human beings and come close to the God of all humanity and submit to Him.
Verses [ 9-10] أَرَ‌أَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ أَرَ‌أَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ (Have you seen him who forbids a slave of Allah when he prays?) From here to the end of the Surah, the verses allude to an incident. When the Holy Prophet was enjoined to perform the salah, he started performing it at first privately, later in public in the Sacred Mosque. Abu Jahl stopped him from performing salah and threatened him that if he were to perform salah and prostrate, he would [ God forbid!] trample his neck. Verse [ 14] أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّـهَ يَرَ‌ىٰ (Does he not know that Allah is watching?) is in response to the threat made by Abu Jahl, and the verse does not mention whom He is watching. It is of general application - He is watching the pious personality who is performing the salah, as well as the wretched, miserable person who is obstructing the performance of the salah. Here the statement merely asserts that Allah is watching everything and everyone. It does not specify what will happen at Resurrection, because the horrible, terrible and dreadful scenes of that are unimaginable.
A slave) i.e. Muhammad (pbuh) (when he prayeth) to Allah?
The Threat against Man's Transgression for the sake of Wealth Allah informs that man is very pleased, most evil, scornful and transgressive when he considers himself self-sufficient and having an abundance of wealth. Then Allah threatens, warns and admonishes him in His saying, إِنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَى (Surely, unto your Lord is the return.) meaning, `unto Allah is the final destination and return, and He will hold you accountable for your wealth, as to where you obtained it from and how did you spend it.' Scolding of Abu Jahl and the Threat of seizing Him Then Allah says, أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِى يَنْهَى - عَبْداً إِذَا صَلَّى (Have you seen him who prevents. A servant when he prays) This was revealed about Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him. He threatened the Prophet for performing Salah at the Ka`bah. Thus, Allah firstly admonished him with that which was better by saying, أَرَءَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَى (Have you seen if he is on the guidance.) meaning, `do you think this man whom you are preventing is upon the straight path in his action, or أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَى (Or enjoins Taqwa) in his statements Yet, you rebuke him and threaten him due to his prayer.' Thus, Allah says, أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَى (Knows he not that Allah sees) meaning, doesn't this person who is preventing this man who is following correct guidance know that Allah sees him and hears his words, and He will compensate him in full for what he has done Then Allah says by way of warning and threatening, كَلاَّ لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ (Nay! If he ceases not,) meaning, if he does not recant from his discord and obstinacy, لَنَسْفَعاً بِالنَّاصِيَةِ (We will scorch his forehead.) meaning, `indeed We will make it extremely black on the Day of Judgement.' Then He says, نَاصِيَةٍ كَـذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ (A lying, sinful forehead!) meaning, the forehead of Abu Jahl is lying in its statements and sinful in its actions. فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ (Then let him call upon his council.) meaning, his people and his tribe. In other words, let him call them in order to seek help from them. سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ (We will call out the guards of Hell!) `And they are the angels of torment. This is so that he may know who will win -- Our group or his group' Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Abu Jahl said, `If I see Muhammad praying at the Ka`bah, I will stomp on his neck.' So this reached the Prophet , who said, «لَئِنْ فَعَلَ لَأَخَذَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَة» (If he does, he will be seized by the angels.)" This Hadith was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in their Books of Tafsir. Likewise, it has been recorded by Ibn Jarir. Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir, all recorded it from Ibn `Abbas with the following wording: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying at the Maqam (prayer station of Ibrahim) when Abu Jahl bin Hisham passed by him and said, `O Muhammad! Haven't I prevented you from this' He threatened the Prophet and thus, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry with him and reprimanded him. Then he said, `O Muhammad! What can you threaten me with By Allah, I have the most kinsmen of this valley with me in the large.' Then Allah revealed, فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ - سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ (Then let him call upon his council. We will call out the guards of Hell!)" Ibn `Abbas then said, "If he had called his people, the angels of torment would have seized him at that very instant." At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu Hurayrah that Abu Jahl said, "Does Muhammad cover his face with dust (i.e., from prostration) while he is among you all" They (the people) replied, "Yes." Then he said, "By Al-Lat and Al-`Uzza, if I see him praying like this, I will stomp on his neck, and I will certainly put his face in the dust." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and he began praying, which made it possible for Abu Jahl to stomp on his neck. Then the people became surprised at him (Abu Jahl) because he began retreating on his heels and covering himself with his hands. Then it was said to him, "What's the matter with you" He replied, "Verily, between me and him is a ditch of fire, monsters and wings." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَوْ دَنَا مِنِّي لَاخْتَطَفَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عُضْوًا عُضْوًا» (If he had come near me, the angels would have snatched him limb by limb.) The narrator added; "Allah revealed an Ayah, but I do not know whether it is concerning the Hadith of Abu Hurayrah or not: كَلاَّ إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ لَيَطْغَى (Nay! Verily, man does transgress.) to the end of the Surah." Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Abi Hatim all recorded this Hadith. Amusement for the Prophet Then Allah says, كَلاَّ لاَ تُطِعْهُ (Nay! Do not obey him.) meaning, `O Muhammad! Do not obey him in what he is forbidding from such as steadfastness in worship and performing worship in abundance. Pray wherever you wish and do not worry about him. For indeed Allah will protect you and help you, and He will defend you against the people.' وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِب (Fall prostrate and draw near (to Allah)!) This is just like what has been confirmed in the Sahih of Muslim on the authority of Abu Salih who reported from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ، فَأَكْثِرُوا الدُّعَاء» (The closest that a servant can be to his Lord is when he is in prostration. Therefore, make abundant supplications (i.e., while prostrating).)" It has also been mentioned previously that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to prostrate when he recited إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انشَقَّتْ (When the heaven is split asunder.) (84:1) and اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ (Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created.) (96:1) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Iqra' (Surat Al-`Alaq). Unto Allah is due all praise and thanks, and He is the Giver of success and protection against error.