Kathir bin 'Ubaid bin Nmyr كثير بن عبيد بن نمير المذحجي · The Book of Jihad

“When the Prophet was expelled from Makkah, Abu Bakr said to him: ‘They have driven out their Prophet, verily to Allah we belong and to Him we return. They are surely doomed.’ Then it was revealed: ‘Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them (believers) victory.’ Then I knew that there would be fighting.” Ibn Abbas said: “This is the first…

that Abdur-Rahman bin Awf and some of his companions came to the Prophet in Makkah and said: “O Messenger of Allah! We were respected when we were idolaters and when we believed, we were humiliated.” He said: “I have been commanded to pardon, so do not fight.” Then, when Allah caused us to move to Al-Madinah, He commanded us to fight, but they refrained. Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: Have you not seen those who were told to…

"I saw Marwan bin Al-Hakam sitting and I came and sat with him. He told us that Zaid bin Thabit told him, that the following was revealed to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ): (Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home) and those who strive hard and fight in the cause of Allah), then Ibn Umm Maktum came when he was dictating it to me (Zaid), and said: 'O Messenger of Allah! If I were able to go for…