The Mount, The Mountain — Verse 5

and the raised roof that is to say the heaven

أقسم الله بالطور، وهو الجبل الذي كلَّم الله سبحانه وتعالى موسى عليه، وبكتاب مكتوب، وهو القرآن في صحف منشورة، وبالبيت المعمور في السماء بالملائكة الكرام الذين يطوفون به دائمًا، وبالسقف المرفوع وهو السماء الدنيا، وبالبحر المسجور المملوء بالمياه.

قال سفيان الثوري وشعبة وأبو الأحوص عن سماك عن خالد بن عرعرة عن علي "والسقف المرفوع" يعني السماء قال سفيان ثم تلا "وجعلنا السماء سقفا محفوظا وهم عن آياتها معرضون" وكذا قال مجاهد وقتادة والسدي وابن جرير وابن زيد واختاره ابن جرير وقال الربيع بن أنس هو العرش يعني أنه سقف لجميع المخلوقات وله اتجاه وهو مراد مع غيره كما قاله الجمهور.

( والسقف المرفوع ) ، أى : والسماء المرفوعة ، وسميت سقفا لكونه بمثابة السقف للأرض كما قال - تعالى - : ( وَجَعَلْنَا السمآء سَقْفاً مَّحْفُوظاً وَهُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ ).

وقوله: ( وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ ) يعني بالسقف في هذا الموضع: السماء, وجعلها سقفا, لأنها سماء للأرض, كسماء البيت الذي هو سقفه.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا هناد بن السريّ, قال: ثنا أبو الأحوص, عن سماك, عن خالد بن عرعرة, أن رجلا قال لعليّ رضي الله عنه: ما السقف المرفوع ؟ قال: السماء.حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن سماك, عن خالد بن عُرْعرة, عن عليّ, قال: السقف المرفوع: السماء.حدثنا ابن حُميد, قال: ثنا مهران, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن سماك بن حرب, عن خالد بن عُرْعرة, عن عليّ رضي الله عنه قال: سأله رجل عن السقف المرفوع, فقال: السماء.حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر, قال: ثنا شعبة, عن سماك بن حرب, قال: سمعت خالد بن عُرْعرة, قال: سمعت عليًّا يقول: والسقف المرفوع: هو السماء, قال: وَجَعَلْنَا السَّمَاءَ سَقْفًا مَحْفُوظًا وَهُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ .حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد (السقف المرفوع) : قال: السماء.حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة (والسقف المرفوع) سقف السماء.حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ ) : سقف السماء.

( والسقف المرفوع ) يعني : السماء ، نظيره قوله - عز وجل - : " وجعلنا السماء سقفا محفوظا " . ( الأنبياء - 32 ) .

وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ (5(وأما السقف المرفوع : ففسروه بالسماء لقوله تعالى : { وجعلنا السماء سقفاً محفوظاً } [ الأنبياء : 32 ] وقوله : { والسماء رفعها } [ الرحمن : 7 ] فالرفع حقيقي ومناسبة القسَم بها أنها مصدر الوحي كله التوراة والقرآن . وتسمية السماء على طريقة التشبيه البليغ .والبحر : يجوز أن يراد به البحر المحيط بالكرة الأرضية . وعندي : أن المراد بحر القلزم ، وهو البحر الأحمر ومناسبة القَسَم به أنه به أُهلك فرعون وقومه حين دخله موسى وبنو إسرائيل فلحق بهم فرعون .

{ وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ } أي: السماء، التي جعلها الله سقفا للمخلوقات، وبناء للأرض، تستمد منها أنوارها، ويقتدى بعلاماتها ومنارها، وينزل الله منها المطر والرحمة وأنواع الرزق.

والسقف المرفوع يعني السماء ، سماها سقفا ; لأنها للأرض كالسقف للبيت ; بيانه : وجعلنا السماء سقفا محفوظا . وقال ابن عباس : هو العرش وهو سقف الجنة .

Man will have to face the result of his actions. He is being forewarned of the consequences. The negligence and arrogance of those who do not come to their senses now with the forewarning, will ultimately suffer grievous punishment. When they try to run away from this, they will find no refuge anywhere.

Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ‌ (and by the Populated House [ AI-Bait-ul-Ma` mur ],...52:4) Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur is the Ka'bah in the heaven meant for the angels' service and is parallel to the Ka'bah on earth. According to a Tradition in Sahihain that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said about his Ascension to the seventh heaven: "Then, I was taken to Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur. It is visited every day by seventy thousand angels who will not come back to visit it again" because every day other new angels take their turn to visit it. (Ibn Kathir) Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur is the Ka'bah of the angels who reside in the seventh heaven. When the Holy Prophet ﷺ reached the seventh heaven on the Night of Ascension, he saw Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) reclining with his back on Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur. It was Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) who built the Ka'bah on earth, and thus the reward is compatible with his action in that Allah Ta’ ala has blessed him with a special connection with Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur (IbnKathir).

(And the roof exalted) and He swore by the heaven which is raised above everything,

and the raised canopyThis is the pleasing ⸢and pure⸣ act (al-ʿamal al-murḍī ⸢al-zakī⸣), through which no reward is sought except God, Exalted is He.His words, Exalted is He:

Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat At-Tur Malik narrated that Jubayr bin Mut`im said, "I heard the Prophet reciting Surat At-Tur while praying Maghrib. Surely, I have never heard a more beautiful voice or recitation than his recitation." This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs using a chain of narration that includes Malik. Al-Bukhari recorded that Umm Salamah said, "I complained of being ill to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said, «طُوفِي مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَنْتِ رَاكِبَة» (Perform Tawaf (of the Ka`bah) behind the crowd, while you are riding.) So, I performed Tawaf while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying beside the House, reciting At-Tur." بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Allah swears that the Coming of Torment is Near Allah swears by His creation, a testimony to His great ability, that His torment will surely befall His enemies; they will have no way of escaping it. At-Tur is the mount that has trees, similar to the mount where Allah spoke to Musa, while Musa was on it, and the mount on which Allah started the prophethood of `Isa. A mount that does not have trees is called Jabal, not Tur. Allah said, وَكِتَـبٍ مُّسْطُورٍ (And by the Book inscribed), it is said that it means Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz, (the Preserved Table). It is also said that is refers to the divinely revealed inscribed Books that people recite, and this is why Allah said, فِى رَقٍّ مَّنْشُورٍ - وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ (In parchment unrolled. And by Al-Bayt Al-Ma`mur.) In the Two Sahihs it is confirmed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said in the Hadith about Al-Isra', after ascending to the seventh heaven: «ثُمَّ رُفِعَ بِي إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا، لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ آخِرَ مَا عَلَيْهِم» (Then, I was taken to Al-Bayt Al-Ma`mur. It is visited every day by seventy thousand angels who will not come back to visit it again.) The angels worship Allah in Al-Bayt Al-Ma`mur and perform Tawaf around it just as the people of the earth perform Tawaf around the Ka`bah. Al-Bayt Al-Ma`mur is the Ka`bah of those who reside in the seventh heaven. During the Isra' journey, the Prophet saw Ibrahim Al-Khalil, who was reclining with his back on Al-Bayt Al-Ma`mur. It was Ibrahim who built the Ka`bah on earth, and surely, the reward is compatible with the action. Al-Bayt Al-Ma`mur is parallel to the Ka`bah; every heaven has its own house of worship, which is also the direction of prayer for its residents. The house that is located in the lower heaven, is called Bayt Al-`Izzah. And Allah knows best. The statement of Allah the Exalted, وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ (And by the roof raised high.) Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Shu`bah, and Abu Al-Ahwas, all narrated from Simak, from Khalid bin `Ar`arah, from `Ali bin Abi Talib: وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ (And by the roof raised high) "Meaning the heaven." Sufyan added, "Then `Ali recited, وَجَعَلْنَا السَّمَآءَ سَقْفاً مَّحْفُوظاً وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَـتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ (And We have made the heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet they turn away from its signs.)(21:32)" Similar was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj, Ibn Zayd and preferred by Ibn Jarir. The statement of Allah the Exalted, وَالْبَحْرِ الْمَسْجُورِ (And by the sea that is Masjur.) The majority say it refers to the oceans of the earth. Masjur, means, the sea will be kindled with fire on the Day of Resurrection just as Allah said in another Ayah, وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ (And when the seas become as blazing fire.)(81:6) i.e., it will be kindled with fire and become a raging fire that surrounds the people in the gathering area, this was reported by Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib from `Ali bin Abi Talib. It was also reported from Ibn `Abbas, and it is the view of Sa`id bin Jubayr, Mujahid, `Abdullah bin `Ubayd bin `Umayr and others. Qatadah said, "Masjur is the `filled sea."' Ibn Jarir preferred this explanation saying, "The sea is not lit with fire now, so it is filled." Allah's statement; إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَاقِعٌ (Verily, the torment of your Lord will surely come to pass.) contains the subject of the vow, indicating that His torment will surely strike the disbelievers, as Allah stated in another Ayah; مَّا لَهُ مِن دَافِعٍ (There is none that can avert it.) indicating that when Allah decides to send the torment upon them, none can prevent it or stop it from striking them. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya recorded that Ja`far bin Zayd Al-`Abdi said, "One night, in Al-Madinah, `Umar went out investigating the welfare of Muslims and passed by the house of a man who was standing in voluntary prayer. `Umar stood quietly, listening to his recitation; the man was reciting, وَالطُّورِ (By At-Tur), until he reached the Ayah, إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَاقِعٌ - مَّا لَهُ مِن دَافِعٍ (Verily, the torment of your Lord will surely come to pass. There is none that can avert it.) `Umar said, `By the Lord of the Ka`bah, this is a true vow.' `Umar dismounted his donkey and sat next to a wall for a while. He then went back to his house and fell ill for a month. During his illness, the people would visit him, not knowing what caused his illness." May Allah be pleased with `Umar. Describing the Day of Torment, the Day of Resurrection Allah said; يَوْمَ تَمُورُ السَّمَآءُ مَوْراً (On the Day when Tamur the heaven Mawr) Ibn `Abbas and Qatadah said: "Shaking violently." Also from Ibn `Abbas, "Split." Mujahid said: "Spin violently." Ad-Dahhak commented on the Ayah, saying, "The earth will violently spin and move by the command of Allah, and its areas will violently move towards each other." This was preferred by Ibn Jarir, because of the meaning of the word, Mawra, which denotes meanings of spinning and shaking. Allah said, وَتَسِيرُ الْجِبَالُ سَيْراً (And Tasir the mountains will Sayr.) will fade away and become scattered particles of dust blown away by the wind, فَوَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ (Then woe that Day to those who denied), woe to them that Day as a result of Allah's torment, punishment and affliction that He will direct at them, الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى خَوْضٍ يَلْعَبُونَ (Those who were in their falsehood, playing.) meaning, they live in this life in falsehood and make the religion the subject of their mockery and jest, يَوْمَ يُدَعُّونَ (The Day when they will be pushed down by force) meaning, they will be violently driven and shoved, إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا (to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing.) Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and Ath-Thawri said that this Ayah means, "They will be violently shoved into the Fire." Allah said, هَـذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ (This is the Fire, which you used to deny.) meaning, the angels of punishment will say these words to them, while admonishing and chastising them, أَفَسِحْرٌ هَـذَا أَمْ أَنتُمْ لاَ تُبْصِرُونَ اصْلَوْهَا (Is this magic or do you not see Enter therein) meaning, enter the Fire, `which will encircle you from every direction,' فَاصْبِرُواْ أَوْ لاَ تَصْبِرُواْ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْكُمْ (and whether you are patient of it or impatient of it, it is all the same.) `whether you endure its torment and afflictions or not, you will never avert it or be saved from it,' إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (You are only being requited for what you used to do.) and surely, Allah is never unjust with anyone. Most certainly, Allah recompenses each according to their deeds. إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِى جَنَّـتٍ وَنَعِيمٍ - فَـكِهِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَـهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ وَوَقَـهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ