The Star — Verse 37

and the scrolls of Abraham who fulfilled his summons he who completed what he had been charged with as in And when his Lord tested Abraham with certain words and he fulfilled them Q. 2124 the explication of mā ‘what’ is the following

أم لم يُخَبَّر بما جاء في أسفار التوراة وصحف إبراهيم الذي وفَّى ما أُمر به وبلَّغه؟

أي كل نفس ظلمت نفسها بكفر أو شيء من الذنوب فإنما عليها وزرها لا يحمله عنها أحد كما قال "وإن تدع مثقلة إلى حملها لا يحمل منه شيء ولو كان ذا قربى".

ثم وبخه - سبحانه - على جهالته وعدم فهمه فقال : ( أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ موسى وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الذي وفى أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أخرى . . ) .وصحف إبراهيم : هى الصحف التى أوحى الله - تعالى - إليه بما فيها ، وقد ذكر سبحانه ذلك فى قوله تعالى : ( إِنَّ هذا لَفِي الصحف الأولى صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وموسى ) وخصت صحف هذين النبيين الكريمين بالذكر ، لأنها كانت أشهر من غيرها عند العرب ، وكانوا يسألون أهل الكتاب من اليهود عما خفى عليهم من صحف موسى .وقدم - سبحانه - هنا صحف موسى ، لاشتهارها بسعة الأحكام التى اشتملت عليها ، بالنسبة لما وصل إليهم من صحف إبراهيم .وأما فى سورة الأعلى فقدمت صحف إبراهيم على صحف موسى لوقوعهما بدلا من الصحف الأولى ، وصحف إبراهيم أقدم من صحف موسى ، فكان الإتيان بهما على الترتيب الزمنى أنسب بالمقام .وحذف - سبحانه - متعلق " وفَّى " ليتناول كل ما يجب الوفاء به ، كمحافظته على أداء حقوق الله - تعالى - ، واجتهاده فى تبليغ الرسالة التى كلفه - سبحانه - بتبليغها ، ووقوفه عند الأوامر التى أمره - تعالى - بها ، وعند النواهى التى نهاه عنها . . .

وقوله ( أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: أم لم يُخَبَّرْ هذا المضمون له, أن يتحمل عنه عذاب الله في الآخرة, بالذي في صحف موسى بن عمران عليه السلام .

( وإبراهيم ) في صحف إبراهيم عليه السلام ( الذي وفى ) تمم وأكمل ما أمر به .قال الحسن ، وسعيد بن جبير ، وقتادة : عمل بما أمر به وبلغ رسالات ربه إلى خلقهقال مجاهد : وفى بما فرض عليه .قال الربيع : وفى رؤياه وقام بذبح ابنه .وقال عطاء الخراساني : استكمل الطاعة . وقال أبو العالية : وفى سهام الإسلام . وهو قوله : " وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن " ، ( البقرة - 124 ) والتوفية الإتمام . وقال الضحاك : وفى ميثاق المناسك .أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله الصالحي ، أخبرنا أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن الخيري ، أخبرنا أبو جعفر محمد بن علي بن دحيم الشيباني ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن إسحاق الزهري ، حدثنا إسحاق بن منصور عن إسرائيل عن جعفر بن الزبير عن القاسم عن أبي أمامة عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " إبراهيم الذي وفى [ صلى ] أربع ركعات أول النهار " .أخبرنا أبو عثمان الضبي ، أخبرنا أبو محمد الجراحي ، حدثنا أبو العباس المحبوبي ، حدثنا أبو عيسى الترمذي ، حدثنا أبو جعفر الشيباني ، حدثنا أبو مسهر ، حدثنا إسماعيل بن عياش عن بحير بن سعد عن خالد بن معدان عن جبير بن نفير عن أبي الدرداء وأبي ذر عن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن الله تبارك وتعالى أنه قال : " ابن آدم اركع لي أربع ركعات من أول النهار أكفك آخره " .

وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى (37(

[وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى } أي: قام بجميع ما ابتلاه الله به، وأمره به من الشرائع وأصول الدين وفروعه

أي صحف إبراهيم الذي وفى كما في سورة ( الأعلى ) صحف إبراهيم وموسى أي لا تؤخذ نفس بدلا عن أخرى ، كما قال ألا تزر وازرة وزر أخرى وخص صحف إبراهيم وموسى بالذكر ; لأنه كان ما بين نوح وإبراهيم يؤخذ الرجل بجريرة أخيه وابنه وأبيه ; قاله الهذيل بن شرحبيل . وأن هذه المخففة من الثقيلة وموضعها جر بدلا من ( ما ) أو يكون في موضع رفع على إضمار " هو " . وقرأ سعيد بن جبير وقتادة " وفى " خفيفة ومعناها صدق في قوله وعمله ، وهي راجعة إلى معنى قراءة الجماعة " وفى " بالتشديد أي قام بجميع ما فرض عليه فلم يخرم منه شيئا . وقد مضى في ( البقرة ) عند قوله تعالى : وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن والتوفية الإتمام . وقال أبو بكر الوراق : قام بشرط ما ادعى ; وذلك أن الله تعالى قال له : أسلم قال أسلمت لرب العالمين فطالبه الله بصحة دعواه ، فابتلاه في ماله وولده ونفسه فوجده وافيا بذلك ; فذلك قوله : وإبراهيم الذي وفى أي : ادعى الإسلام ثم صحح دعواه . وقيل : وفى عمله كل يوم بأربع ركعات في صدر النهار ; رواه الهيثم عن أبي أمامة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . وروى سهل بن سعد الساعدي عن أبيه ألا أخبركم لم سمى الله تعالى خليله إبراهيم الذي وفى ؛ لأنه كان يقول [ ص: 105 ] كلما أصبح وأمسى : فسبحان الله حين تمسون وحين تصبحون الآية . ورواه سهل بن معاذ عن أنس عن أبيه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . وقيل : وفى أي وفى ما أرسل به ، وهو قوله :

The sum and substance of the reality revealed by Almighty God through His prophets is that every man has to receive the reward befitting his deeds. Nobody can save himself from the fate attending his deeds and nobody else can be his saviour. There is nobody more foolish in this world of God than those who are not affected by this prophetic warning.

أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَىٰ وَإِبْرَ‌اهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّىٰ (Has he not been told of what was [ revealed ] in the scriptures of Musa and of Ibrahim who fulfilled [ his covenant ]?... 53:36- 37) In verse [ 37], the Prophet Ibrahim I has been described by the expression waffa which is derived from the root word wafa' and it means to fulfill faithfully the covenant one has made with someone. Special Characteristic of Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) : fulfillment of Covenant Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) had a covenant with Allah that he will obey Him and convey His Message to all the people. He fulfilled faithfully the covenant: He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures. As a result, he was made to pass through severe trials and tribulations. This is the interpretation placed upon the expression waffa (fulfilled) by Ibn Jarir, Ibn Kathir and others. Several narratives describe particular works of Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) as a purport of the expression waffa, but the two versions are not contradictory, because fulfillment of covenant is general. It comprehends acting upon all the Divine injunctions, obeying Allah in all actions, fulfilling the duties of Prophet-hood and messenger-ship and reforming the creation of Allah. Let us consider the narrative which Ibn Abi Hatim has reported on the authority of Sayyidna Abu 'Umamah ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ recited the verse 37, and asked: Do you know what is the meaning of waffa (fulfilled)? Sayyidna Abu 'Umamah ؓ replied: Allah and His Rasul know best. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: وَفّٰی عَمَلَ یَومِیہٖ بِاَربَعِ رَکعَاتِ فِی اَوَّلِ النَّھَارِ ۔ (ابن کثیر) "He fulfilled the day's work by starting it with the performance of four rak'at [ that is, salat-ul-ishraq ]." This is supported by the Tradition recorded in Tirmidhi on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Dharr ؓ ، according to whom the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: اِبنَ آدَم ارکَع لِی اَربَعَ رَکعَاتِ مَّن اَوَّلِ النَّھَار اَکفِکَ اٰخِرَہ، (ابن کثیر) "0 Son of 'Adam! Perform four rak’ at of prayer in the early part of the day, I shall take of you in all your affairs till the end of the day." Ibn Abi Hatim reports another Tradition from Sayyidna Muadh Ibn Anas ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: "Do you know why Allah gave Ibrahim علیہ السلام the title of al-ladhi waffa (the one who fulfilled)? Then, he said, 'Because he used to recite the following dhikr every morning and evening: فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّـهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْ‌ضِ وَعَشِيًّا وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُ‌ونَ (ابن کثیر)

(And Abraham who paid his debt) i.e. he conveyed the message of his Lord and acted upon that which Allah had commanded him; it is also said that this means: he did as he was told in his dream vision:

Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience, فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى (So he (the disbeliever) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away!)(75:31-32), وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى (And gave a little, then stopped) Ibn `Abbas said, "Gave a little, then stopped giving." Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others. `Ikrimah and Sa`id said: "Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work. So they say, `We are finished' and they abandon the work." Allah's statement, أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ (Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees) means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away No. Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty. The Prophet said in a Hadith, «أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالًا» (O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Thone.) Allah the Exalted and Most honored said, وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ (And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause), He will replace it. And He is the Best of providers.)(34:39) The Meaning of `fulfilled Allah the Exalted said, أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِى صُحُفِ مُوسَى - وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى (Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa. And of Ibrahim who fulfilled), Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey." Ibn `Abbas said about: وَفَّى (fulfilled) "He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver." Sa`id bin Jubayr said about: وَفَّى (fulfilled), "What he was ordered." Qatadah said about: وَفَّى (fulfilled), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures." This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it. Allah said, وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا (And (remember) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with (certain) commands, which he fulfilled. He said: "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind.")(2:124) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah's Message in its entirety. Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions. Allah the Exalted said, ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.")(16:123) None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa, أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَزِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى (That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another.) Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى (And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.)(35:18) Allah said, وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى (And that man can have nothing but what he does.) So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself. As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه» (When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases: from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charity after his death, or knowledge that people benefit from.) These three things are, in reality, a result of one's own deeds, efforts and actions. For example, a Hadith states, «إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه» (Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned.) The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds. Allah the Exalted said, إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ (Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them) and their traces.)(36:12) The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds. A Hadith collected in the Sahih states, «مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا» (Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards.) Allah said, وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى (And that his deeds will be seen.) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection, وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers. And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. Then He will inform you of what you used to do.")(9:105), Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil. Allah's statement here, ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَآءَ الأَوْفَى (Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense.)