Verse display
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرۡ ۝٣
warabbaka fakabbi
The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing a Cloak, The Clothed One / al-Mudathir (74:3)
Connections 8 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (8) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

View translator profile →
Proclaim the greatness of your Lord
warabbaka fakabbi

Support the Author

As an Amazon Associate, ParallelQuran earns from qualifying purchases.

Qur'an Tools

Hadith References 4

Only hadith that explicitly reference Quranic verses are included, and this selection is not exhaustive. Narrations are curated to match the chosen verses from Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, cited via Sunnah.com.
Sahih al-Bukhari #4 Sahih
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari (while talking about the period of pause in revelation) reporting the speech of the Prophet

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari (while talking about the period of pause in revelation) reporting the speech of the Prophet: "While I was walking, all of a sudden I heard a voice from the sky. I looked up and saw the same angel who had visited me at the cave of Hira' sitting on a chair between the sky and…

Sahih al-Bukhari #3238 Sahih
Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah

Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah: that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "The Divine Inspiration was delayed for a short period but suddenly, as I was walking. I heard a voice in the sky, and when I looked up towards the sky, to my surprise, I saw the angel who had come to me in the Hira Cave, and he was…

Sahih al-Bukhari #4922 Sahih
Narrated Yahya bin Abi Kathir

Narrated Yahya bin Abi Kathir: I asked Aba Salama bin `Abdur-Rahman about the first Sura revealed of the Qur'an. He replied "O you, wrapped-up (i.e. Al Muddaththir)." I said, "They say it was, 'Read, in the Name of your Lord Who created,' (i.e. Surat Al-`Alaq (the Clot)." On that, Abu Salama said, "I asked Jabir bin `Abdullah about that, saying…

Sahih al-Bukhari #4924 Sahih
Narrated Yahya

Narrated Yahya: I asked Aba Salama, "Which Sura of the Qur'an was revealed first?" He replied, "O you, wrapped-up' (Al-Muddaththir)." I said, "I have been informed that it was, 'Read, in the Name of your Lord who created (i.e. Surat Al-Alaq)...similar to the narration related by `Ali bin Al-Mubarak, 444 above).

Tafsir Commentary

and magnify your Lord exalt Him above what is ascribed to Him by the idolaters;
يا أيها المتغطي بثيابه، قم مِن مضجعك، فحذِّر الناس من عذاب الله، وخُصَّ ربك وحده بالتعظيم والتوحيد والعبادة، وَطَهِّر ثيابك من النجاسات؛ فإن طهارة الظاهر من تمام طهارة الباطن، ودُمْ على هَجْر الأصنام والأوثان وأعمال الشرك كلها، فلا تقربها، ولا تُعط العطيَّة؛ كي تلتمس أكثر منها، ولمرضاة ربك فاصبر على الأوامر والنواهي.
أي عظم.
وقوله : ( وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ ) أمر آخر له صلى الله عليه وسلم ولفظ ( وَرَبَّكَ ) منصوب على التعظيم لفعل ( كبر ) قدم على عاملة لإِفادة التخصيص .أى : يأيها المدثر بثيابه لخوفه مما رآه من ملك الوحى ، لا تخف ، وقم فأنذر الناس من عذاب الله ، إذا ما استمروا فى شركهم ، واجعل تكبيرهم وتعظيمك وتبجيلك لربك وحده ، دون أحد سواه ، وصفه بما هو أهله من تنزيه وتقديس .
وقوله: ( وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وربك يا محمد فعظم بعبادته، والرغبة إليه في حاجاتك دون غيره من الآلهة والأنداد.
"وربك فكبر"، عظمه عما يقوله عبدة الأوثان.
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ (3)انتصب { ربّك } على المفعولية لفعل ( كَبِّر ) قُذم على عامله لإِفادة الاختصاص ، أي لا تكبر غيره ، وهو قصر إفراد ، أي دون الأصنام .والواو عطَفت جملة { ربَّك فكبر } على جملة { قم فأنذر } [ المدثر : 2 ] .ودخلت الفاء على ( كَبّر ) إيذاناً بشرطٍ محذوف يكون ( كَبِّر ) جوابه ، وهو شرط عام إذ لا دليل على شرط مخصوص وهُيِّىء لِتقدير الشرط بتقديم المفعول . لأن تقديم المعمول قد ينزل منزلة الشرط كقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " ففيهما فجاهد " ( يعني الأبوين ) .فالتقدير : مهمْا يكن شيء فكبّرْ ربّك .والمعنى : أن لا يفتر عن الإِعلان بتعظيم الله وتوحيده في كُل زمان وكل حال وهذا من الإِيجاز . وجوز ابن جني أن تكون الفاء زائدة قال : هو كقولك زيداً فاضرب ، تُريد : زيداً اضرب .وتكبير الرب تعظيمه ففعل ( كبّر ) يفيد معنى نسبة مفعوله إلى أصل مادة اشتقاقه وذلك من معاني صيغة فَعَّل ، أي أخبر عنه بخبر التعظيم ، وهو تكبير مجازي بتشبيه الشيء المعظَّم بشيء كبير في نوعه بجامع الفضل على غيره في صفات مثله .فمعنى { وربَّك فكبِّر : } صِف ربّك بصفات التعظيم ، وهذا يشمل تنزيهه عن النقائص فيشمل توحيده بالإلهية وتنزيهه عن الولد ، ويشمل وصفه بصفات الكمال كلها .ومعنى ( كبِّر ) : كبره في اعتقادك : وكبره بقولك تسبيحاً وتعليماً . ويشمل هذا المعنى أن يقول : «الله أكبر» لأنه إذا قال هذه الكلمة أفاد وصف الله بأنه أكبر من كل كبير ، أي أجلّ وأنزه من كل جليل ، ولذلك جعلت هذه الكلمة افتتاحاً للصلاة .وأحسب أن في ذكر التكبير إيماء إلى شرع الصلاة التي أولها التكبير وخاصة اقترانه بقوله : { وثيابك فطهر } [ المدثر : 4 ] فإنه إيماء إلى شرع الطهارة ، فلعل ذلك إعداد لشرع الصلاة . ووقع في رواية معمر عن الزهري عند مسلم أن قال : وذلك قبل أن تفرض الصلاة . فالظاهر أن الله فرض عليه الصلاة عقب هذه السورة وهي غير الصلوات الخمس فقد ثبت أنه صلى في المسجد الحرام .
{ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ } أي: عظمه بالتوحيد، واجعل قصدك في إنذارك وجه الله، وأن يعظمه العباد ويقوموا بعبادته.
قوله تعالى : وربك فكبر أي سيدك ومالكك ومصلح أمرك فعظم ، وصفه بأنه أكبر من أن يكون له صاحبة أو ولد .وفي حديث أنهم قالوا : بم تفتتح الصلاة ؟ فنزلت : [ ص: 59 ] وربك فكبر أي وصفه بأنه أكبر . قال ابن العربي : وهذا القول وإن كان يقتضي بعمومه تكبير الصلاة ، فإنه مراد به التكبير والتقديس والتنزيه ، لخلع الأنداد والأصنام دونه ، ولا تتخذ وليا غيره ، ولا تعبد سواه ، ولا تر لغيره فعلا إلا له ، ولا نعمة إلا منه .وقد روي أن أبا سفيان قال يوم أحد : اعل هبل ; فقال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " قولوا الله أعلى وأجل " وقد صار هذا اللفظ بعرف الشرع في تكبير العبادات كلها أذانا وصلاة وذكرا بقوله : ( الله أكبر ) وحمل عليه لفظ النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - الوارد على الإطلاق في موارد ; منها قوله : " تحريمها التكبير ، وتحليلها التسليم " والشرع يقتضي بعرفه ما يقتضي بعمومه ، ومن موارده أوقات الإهلال بالذبائح لله تخليصا له من الشرك ، وإعلانا باسمه في النسك ، وإفرادا لما شرع منه لأمره بالسفك .قلت : قد تقدم في أول سورة ( البقرة ) أن هذا اللفظ ( الله أكبر ) هو المتعبد به في الصلاة ، المنقول عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - . وفي التفسير أنه لما نزل قوله تعالى : وربك فكبر قام رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وقال : " الله أكبر " فكبرت خديجة ، وعلمت أنه الوحي من الله تعالى ; ذكره القشيري .الفاء في قوله تعالى : وربك فكبر دخلت على معنى جواب الجزاء كما دخلت في ( فأنذر ) أي قم فأنذر وقم فكبر ربك ; قاله الزجاج . وقال ابن جني : هو كقولك زيدا فاضرب ; أي زيدا اضرب ، فالفاء زائدة .
The real work of a prophet is warning the people, i.e. informing them of the serious nature of the events which will unfold in the Hereafter. This task can be performed only by one whose heart is overflowing with the realisation of God’s Majesty, who possesses a noble character, who shuns all evil, who does good without aspiring to any recompense, who can be unilaterally tolerant and exercise patience in the face of trouble created by others.
Injunction [ 2] وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ (..and pronounce the greatness of your Lord...74:3) It means: "Proclaim the greatness of your Lord both orally and practically. The attribute rabb (Lord) has been used in this context because it is itself the effective cause of the injunction, in that He is the Sustainer, Cherisher and Nourisher of the entire world. He alone is worthy of Kibriya'. The word takbtr literally signifies 'to say Allahu Akbar '. This includes takbir of tahrimah in the beginning of prayers and other takbirs also. Takbir is recited outside the prayers as well, such as in adhan and iqamah. There is no indication in the Qur'an that this injunction specifically refers to uttering Allahu Akbar to commence the prayers.
(Your Lord magnify) Exonerate your Lord from what the idol worshippers say about Him,
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The First Ayat to be revealed after `Read! It has been confirmed in the Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim on the authority of Abu Salamah that Jabir bin `Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ speaking about the time period (of the pause in) revelation. The Prophet said, «فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي إِذْ سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاءَ، قَاعِدٌ عَلَى كُرْسِيَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَجُئِثْتُ مِنْهُ حَتْى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ: زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي. فَأَنْزَلَ (اللهُ تَعَالى): يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ فَاهْجُرْ ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ وَتَتَابَع» (While I was walking I heard a voice from the sky. So I lifted my gaze towards the sky and saw the same angel who had come to me at the cave of Hira'. He was sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. So I fled from him (in fear) until I fell down to the ground. Then, I went to my family and I said, `Wrap me up, wrap me up. So, they wrapped me up! So Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn!) until (And keep away) Here, Abu Salamah added, `Ar-Rujz means idols.' (After this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently in succession.) This is the wording of Al-Bukhari. The way this Hadith is narrated necessitates that revelation had descended before this. This is due to the Prophet's statement, «فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاء» (The same angel who had come to me at the cave of Hira'.)" That angel was Jibril, who had came to him with Allah's statement, اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ - خَلَقَ الإِنسَـنَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ - اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الاٌّكْرَمُ - الَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ - عَلَّمَ الإِنسَـنَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ (Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created. He has created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not.) (96:1-5) After this first occurrence (in the cave) there was a period of time that passed, then the angel descended again. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Salamah bin `Abdur-Rahman that Jabir bin `Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, «ثُمَّ فَتَرَ الْوَحْيُ عَنِّي فَتْرَةً، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي، قَاعِدٌ عَلى كُرْسِيَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَجُئِثْتُ مِنْهُ فَرَقًا حَتْى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالى: يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ - وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ - وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ - وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ وَتَتَابَع» (Then the revelation ceased coming to me for a period of time.Then, while I was walking, I heard a voice from the sky. So I lifted my gaze towards the sky to see the same angel who had come to me, sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. So I fled from him a short distance before I fell down to the ground. Then I came to my family and said to them, `Wrap me up, wrap me up! So, they wrapped me up! Then Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord. And purify your garments. And keep away from Ar-Rujz!)( After this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently in succession.) They both (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded this Hadith by way of Az-Zuhri. At-Tabarani recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Verily, Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah prepared some food for the Quraysh. So when they had eaten from it he said, `What do you have to say about this man' Some of them said, `He is a magician.' Others said, `He is not a magician.' Then some of them said, `He is a soothsayer.' But others said, `He is not a soothsayer.' Some of them said, `He is a poet.' But others said, `He is not a poet.' Some of them said, `This is magic from that of old.' Thus, they eventually all agreed that it was magic from ancient times. Then, when this news reached the Prophet , he became grieved, covered his head and wrapped himself up. This is when Allah revealed, يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ - وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ - وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ - وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ - وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ - وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ (O you enveloped in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord (Allah)! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! And give not a thing in order to have more (or consider not your deeds of obedience to Allah as a favour to Him). And be patient for the sake of your Lord (i.e., perform your duty to Allah)!) Concerning Allah's statement, قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ (Arise and warn!) means, prepare to go forth with zeal and warn the people. With this the Prophet attained messengership just as he attained prophethood with the first revelation. وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ (And magnify your Lord!) to declare the greatness of Him. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas; وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ (And purify your garments!) "This means, do not let your garments that you wear be from earnings that are unlawful." It has also been said, "Do not wear your clothes in disobedience." Muhammad bin Sirin said, وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ (And purify your garments!) "This means clean them with water." Ibn Zayd said, "The idolators would not clean themselves, so Allah commanded him to clean himself and his garments." This view was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Sa`id bin Jubayr said, وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ (And purify your garments!) "This means purify your heart and your intentions." Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and Al-Hasan Al-Basri both said, "And beautify your character." Concerning Allah's statement, وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ (And keep away from Ar-Rujz!) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Ar-Rujz are idols, so keep away from them." Similar to this was said by Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Zayd, "Verily, it is the idols." This is like Allah's statement, يأَيُّهَا النَّبِىِّ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُطِعِ الْكَـفِرِينَ وَالْمُنَـفِقِينَ (O Prophet! have Taqwa of Allah, and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites.) (33:1) and Allah's statement, وَقَالَ مُوسَى لاًّخِيهِ هَـرُونَ اخْلُفْنِى فِى قَوْمِى وَأَصْلِحْ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ (And Musa said to his brother Harun: "Replace me among my people, act well and follow not way of the corrupters.") (7:142) Then Allah says, وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ (And give not a thing in order to have more.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Do not give any gift seeking to get (back in return) more than it." Khusayf reported from Mujahid; وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ (And give not a thing (Tamnun) in order to have more.) "Do not slacken in seeking more good. Tamnun in the language of the Arabs means to become weak." Concerning Allah's statement, وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ (And be patient for the sake of your Lord!) meaning, make your patience with their harms be for the Face of your Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. This was stated by Mujahid. Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said, "Be patient in your giving for the sake of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic." Reminding of the Day of Judgement Concerning Allah's statement, فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ - فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ - عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ (Then, when the Naqur is sounded. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for the disbelievers) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Zayd bin Aslam, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd, all said, النَّاقُورِ (Naqur) "It is the Trumpet." Mujahid said, "It is in the shape of a horn." Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Abu Sa`id Al-Ashaj told them that Asbat bin Muhammad related to them from Mutarrif, from `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, from Ibn `Abbas, فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ (Then, when the Trumpet is sounded.) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَيْفَ أَنْعَمُ وَصَاحِبُ الْقَرْنِ قَدِ الْتَقَمَ الْقَرْنَ وَحَنَى جَبْهَتَهُ يَنْتَظِرُ مَتَى يُؤْمَرُ فَيَنْفُخُ؟» (How can I be comfortable when the one with the horn has placed it in his mouth, leaned his forehead forward, and is waiting to be commanded so that he can blow) The Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What do you command us, O Messenger of Allah" He replied, «قُولُوا: حَسْبُنَا اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، عَلَى اللهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا» (Say: "Allah is sufficient for us, and what an excellent Trustee He is. We put our trust in Allah.") It has been recorded like this by Imam Ahmad on the authority of Asbat. Concerning Allah's statement, فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ (Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day.) meaning, severe. عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ (Far from easy for the disbelievers.) meaning, it will not be easy for them. This is as Allah says, يَقُولُ الْكَـفِرُونَ هَـذَا يَوْمٌ عَسِرٌ (The disbelievers will say: "This a Hard Day.") (54:8) We have reported from Zurarah bin Awfa, the judge of Al-Basrah, that he lead the people in the morning prayer and he recited this Surah. Then, when he reached Allah's statement, فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ - فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ - عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ (Then, when the Naqur is sounded. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for the disbelievers.) he made a moaning sound and then he fell down dead. May Allah have mercy on him. ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيداً - وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَالاً مَّمْدُوداً - وَبَنِينَ شُهُوداً - وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُ تَمْهِيداً - ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ - كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ كان لاٌّيَـتِنَا عَنِيداً - سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُوداً - إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ - فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ نَظَرَ - ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ - ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ - فَقَالَ إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ - إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ - سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ - وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ - لاَ تُبْقِى وَلاَ تَذَرُ