The Cleaving, The Cleaving Asunder, Bursting Apart — Verse 12

who know whatever you do all of it.

ليس الأمر كما تقولون من أنكم في عبادتكم غير الله مُحِقون، بل تكذِّبون بيوم الحساب والجزاء. وإن عليكم لملائكة رقباء كراما على الله كاتبين لما وُكِّلوا بإحصائه، لا يفوتهم من أعمالكم وأسراركم شيء، يعلمون ما تفعلون من خير أو شر.

وقال الحافظ أبو بكر البزار حدثنا إسحاق بن سليمان البغدادي المعروف بالفلوسي حدثنا بيان بن حمران حدثنا سلام عن منصور بن زاذان عن محمد بن سيرين عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن لله ملائكة يعرفون بني آدم - وأحسبه قال: ويعرفون أعمالهم - فإذا نظروا إلى عبد يعمل بطاعة الله وذكروه بينهم وسموه وقالوا أفلح الليلة فلان وإذا نظروا إلى عبد يعمل بمعصية الله وذكروه بينهم وسموه وقالوا هلك الليلة فلان" ثم قال البزار سلام هذا أحسبه سلام المدائني وهو لين الحديث.

وأنهم يعلمون أفعالكم التى تفعلونها سواء أكانت قليلة أم كثيرة ، صغيرة أم كبيرة .فالمقصود بهذه الآيات الكريمة : بيان أن البعث حق ، وأن الحساب حق ، وأن الجزاء حق ، وأن أعمال الإِنسان عليه تسجيلا تاما ، بواسطة ملائكة لا يعصون الله ما أمرهم ويفعلون ما يؤمرون .أما كيفية هذه الكتابة من الملائكة لأعمال الإِنسان ، وعلى أى شئ تكون هذه الكتابة ، ومتى تكون ههذ الكتابة . . فمن الأمور التى يجب الإيمان بها كما وردت ، مع تفويض كنهها وكيفيتها ودقتها إلى الله - تعالى - لأنه لم يرد حديث صحيح عن المعصوم - صلى الله عليه وسلم يعتمد عليه فى بيان ذلك .

( كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ ) يقول: كراما على الله كاتبين يكتبون أعمالكم.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني يعقوب، قال: ثنا ابن علية، قال: قال بعض أصحابنا، عن أيوب، في قوله: ( وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَافِظِينَ * كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ ) قال: يكتبون ما تقولون وما تَعْنُون.

"يعلمون ما تفعلون"، من خير أو شر.

يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ (12)ودخل في { ما تفعلون } : الخواطر القلبية لأنها من عمل القلب أي العقل فإن الإِنسان يُعمل عقله ويعزم ويتردد ، وإن لم يشع في عرف اللغة إطلاق مادة الفعل على الأعمال القلبية .واعلم أنه ينتزع من هذه الآية أن هذه الصفات الأربع هي عماد الصفات المشروطة في كل من يقوم بعمل للأمة في الإِسلام من الولاة وغيرهم فإنهم حافظون لمصالح ما استحفظوا عليه وأول الحفظ الأمانة وعدم التفريط .فلا بد فيهم من الكرم وهو زكاء الفطرة ، أي طهارة النفس .ومن الضبط فيما يجري على يديه بحيث لا تضيع المصالح العامة ولا الخاصة بأن يكون ما يصدره مكتوباً ، أو كالمكتوب مضبوطاً لا يستطاع تغييره ، ويمكن لكل من يقوم بذلك العمل بعد القائم به ، أو في مغيبه أن يعرف ماذا أجري فيه من الأعمال ، وهذا أصل عظيم في وضع الملفات للنوازل والتراتيب ، ومنه نشأت دواوين القضاة ، ودفاتر الشُّهود ، والخِطاب على الرسوم ، وإخراج نسخ الأحْكام والأحباس وعقود النكاح .ومن إحاطة العلم بما يَتعلق بالأحوال التي تسند إلى المؤتمن عليها بحيث لا يستطيع أحد من المخالطين لوظيفه أن يموّه عليه شيئاً ، أو أن يلبس عليه حقيقة بحيث ينتفي عنه الغلط والخطأ في تمييز الأمور بأقصى ما يمكن ، ويختلف العلم المطلوب باختلاف الأعمال فيقدم في كل ولاية من هو أعلم بما تقتضيه ولايته من الأعمال وما تتوقف عليه من المواهب والدراية ، فليس ما يشترط في القاضي يشترط في أمير الجيش مثلاً ، وبمقدار التفاوت في الخصال التي تقتضيها إحدى الولايات يكون ترجيح من تسند إليه الولاية على غيره حرصاً على حفظ مصالح الأمة ، فيقدم في كل ولاية من هو أقوى كفاءة لإِتقان أعمالها وأشدّ اضطلاعاً بممارستها .

وأنتم لا بد أن تحاسبوا على ما عملتم، وقد أقام الله عليكم ملائكة كراما يكتبون أقوالكم وأفعالكم ويعلمون أفعالكم، ودخل في هذا أفعال القلوب، وأفعال الجوارح، فاللائق بكم أن تكرموهم وتجلوهم وتحترموهم.

وعن الحسن : يعلمون لا يخفى عليهم شيء من أعمالكم . وقيل : يعلمون ما ظهر منكم دون ما حدثتم به أنفسكم . والله أعلم .

The Quran informs us that the Day of Judgement will finally come: all of humanity will be assembled on that Day and will be rewarded or punished according to their deeds. These tidings are absolutely consistent with the present condition of the world. Indeed, the meaningful creation of man has its justification in this announcement. Moreover, a system exists in the present world for the recording of the words and deeds of man. That becomes understandable in the light of what the Quran tells us. (For details regarding the recording of words and deeds, see the commentator’s book titled: God Arises).

فِي أَيِّ صُورَ‌ةٍ مَّا شَاءَ رَ‌كَّبَكَ (He composed you in whichever form He willed....82:8). This is to indicate that since the basic structure of all human beings is the same, it was expected that the zillions of members of the human society would have shared the same shape, size and features, but the perfect mastery and the wonderful acumen of the Supreme Creator has created them so differently that each one of them has its own unique features that make him clearly distinct from all others, and no one is confused with another. Having stated the creative acumen of the Great Creator, the verse states: يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنسَانُ مَا غَرَّ‌كَ بِرَ‌بِّكَ الْكَرِ‌يمِ (0 man! What has deceived you about your Gracious Lord,...82:6). Allah has endowed man with such natural faculties and abilities that every limb and every joint of his body was enough to remind him of His Creator, and to make him obedient. But he is lured away from his gracious Lord, has forgotten Him and disobeyed Him. The question is: How did he forget his Lord, how did he become heedless of Him, and how is he lured away from his Lord? On this occasion, the adjective karim (Gracious) used for the 'Lord' points to the answer. The reason for such an ungrateful attitude is that Allah is Gracious and does not punish man immediately after his committing a sin. Rather, his sustenance, welfare and well-being, and worldly comforts [ and pleasures ] are not curtailed. He misinterprets Allah's magnanimity, and thus falls into deception. If man were to think rationally, he would adopt a grateful attitude and obedient behaviour, rather than adopting an ungrateful attitude and impudent behaviour. Sayyidna Hasan Al-Basri (رح) says: کم من مغرور تحت السّتر و ھو لا یشعر 'How many humans are there whose faults are put [ by Allah ] under cover, (i.e. He did not disgrace them), yet they do not appreciate (and are deluded by His grace.'

(Who know (all) that ye do) and say of good and evil and record all of it.

Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Infitar An-Nasa'i recorded from Jabir that Mu`adh stood and lead the people in the Night prayer, and he made the recitation of his prayer long. So the Prophet said, «أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ يَا مُعَاذُ؟ أَيْنَ كُنْتَ عَنْ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى وَالضُّحَى وَ إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انفَطَرَتْ » (Are you putting the people to trial O Mu`adh Why don't you recite (Glorify the Name of your Lord the Most High) (87), (By the forenoon) (93), and (When the heaven is cleft asunder) (82))" The basis of this Hadith is found in the Two Sahihs, however the mentioning of إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انفَطَرَتْ (When the heaven is cleft asunder.) has only been mentioned by An-Nasa'i. It has been previously mentioned in a narration from `Abdullah bin `Umar that the Prophet said, «مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى الْقِيَامَةِ رَأْيَ عَيْنٍ فَلْيَقْرَأْ: إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ و إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انفَطَرَتْ و إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انشَقَّتْ » (Whoever would be pleased to look at the Day of Resurrection with his own eyes, then let him recite, (When the sun is Kuwwirat.) (81) and; (When the heaven is cleft asunder) (82) and; (When the heaven is split asunder) (84).) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انفَطَرَتْ (When the heaven is cleft asunder (Infatarat).) meaning, it splits. This is as Allah says, السَّمَآءُ مُنفَطِرٌ بِهِ (Whereon the heaven will be cleft asunder (Munfatir)) (73:18) Then Allah says, وَإِذَا الْكَوَاكِبُ انتَثَرَتْ (And when the stars Intatharat.) meaning, fallen. وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ فُجِّرَتْ (And when the seas Fujjirat.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Allah will cause some of it to burst forth over other parts of it." Al-Hasan said, "Allah will cause some parts of it to burst forth over other parts of it, and its water will go away." Qatadah said, "Its fresh water will mix with its salt water." وَإِذَا الْقُبُورُ بُعْثِرَتْ (And when the graves Bu`thirat.) Ibn `Abbas said, "searched." As-Suddi said, "Tub`athiru means that they will be moved and those who are in them will come out." عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ وَأَخَّرَتْ (A person will know what he has sent forward and left behind.) meaning, when this happens then this will occur. Mankind should not forget about Allah Allah says, يأَيُّهَا الإِنسَـنُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ (O man! What has made you careless about your Lord, the Most Generous) This is a threat. It is not an attempt to get a reply as some people mistakenly think. They consider it as if the Most Generous is asking them so that they will say, "His honor deceived him (or made him careless of his Lord)." rather the meaning of this Ayah is, "O Son of Adam! What has deceived you from your Lord, the Most Generous -- meaning the Most Great -- so that you went forth disobeying Him, and you met Him with that which was unbefitting." This is similar to what has been reported in the Hadith, «يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ مَا غَرَّكَ بِي؟ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ مَاذَا أَجَبْتَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ؟» (Allah will say on the Day of Judgement: "O Son of Adam! What has deceived you concerning Me O Son of Adam What was your response to the Messengers") Al-Baghawi mentioned that Al-Kalbi and Muqatil said, "This Ayah was revealed about Al-Aswad bin Shariq who struck the Prophet and he was not punished in retaliation. So Allah revealed, مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ (What has made you careless about your Lord, the Most Generous)" Then Allah said, الَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ (Who created you, fashioned you perfectly, and gave you due proportion.) meaning, `what has deceived you concerning the Most Generous Lord' الَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ (Who created you, fashioned you perfectly, and gave you due proportion.) meaning, `He made you complete, straight, and perfectly balanced and proportioned in stature. He fashioned you in the best of forms and shapes.' Imam Ahmad recorded from Busr bin Jahhash Al-Qurashi that one day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spat in his palm and placed his finger on it. Then he said, «قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ أَنْى تُعْجِزُنِي وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ مِثْلِ هذِهِ؟ حَتْى إِذَا سَوَّيْتُكَ وَعَدَلْتُكَ مَشَيْتَ بَيْنَ بُرْدَيْنِ، وَلِلْأَرْضِ مِنْكَ وَئِيدٌ، فَجَمَعْتَ وَمَنَعْتَ حَتْى إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِيَ قُلْتَ: أَتَصَدَّقُ وَأَنَّى أَوَانُ الصَّدَقَةِ؟» (Allah the Mighty and Sublime says: "O Son of Adam! How can you escape Me when I created you from something similar to this (spit) Then I fashioned you and made your creation balanced so that you walked between the two outer garments. And the earth has a burial place for you. So you gathered (wealth) and withheld it until your soul reached your collarbone (i.e., death comes). Then, at that time you say, `I will give charity now.' But how will there be time for charity") This Hadith has also been recorded by Ibn Majah . Concerning Allah's statement, فِى أَىِّ صُورَةٍ مَّا شَآءَ رَكَّبَكَ (In whatever form He willed, He put you together.) Mujahid said, "In which resemblance: the father, the mother, the paternal uncle, or the maternal uncle." In the Two Sahihs it is recorded from Abu Hurayrah that a man said, "O Messenger of Allah! Verily, my wife has given birth to a black boy." The Prophet said, «هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ إِبِلٍ؟» (Do you have any camels) The man said, "Yes." The Prophet then said, «فَمَا أَلْوَانُهَا» (What color are they) The man said, "Red." The Prophet said, «فَهَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَق» (Do any of them have patches of gray) The man said, "Yes." The Prophet asked him, «فَأَنْى أَتَاهَا ذلِك» (How did this happen to them) The man replied, "It is probably an inherited genetical strain." The Prophet then said, «وَهَذَا عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ نَزَعَهُ عِرْق» (Likewise, this (with your son) is probably an inherited genetical strain.) The Cause of Deception and alerting to the Fact that Angels record the Deeds of the Children of Adam Concerning Allah's statement, كَلاَّ بَلْ تُكَذِّبُونَ بِالدِّينِ (Nay! But you deny (the Day of) Ad-Din.) meaning, `you are only compelled to oppose the Most Generous and meet Him with disobedience, by your rejection in your hearts of the Hereafter, the recompense and the reckoning.' Concerning Allah's statement, وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَـفِظِينَ - كِرَاماً كَـتِبِينَ - يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ (But verily, over you to watch you (are) Kiraman Katibin, they know all that you do.) (82:10-12) meaning, `indeed there are noble guardian angels over you, so do not meet them with evil deeds, because they write down all that you do.'