The Overwhelming, The Overwhelming Calamity, The Pall — Verse 13
88:13 · al-Ghashiyah
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فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَّرْفُوعَةٌ
Feeha sururun marfooAAatun
The Overwhelming, The Overwhelming Calamity, The Pall / al-Ghashiyah (88:13)
Connections 1 multi-source 3 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators
Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 4 verses
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
raised couches
Feeha sururun marfooAAatun
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Tafsir Commentary
therein are lofty couches lofty in terms of their essence their size and physical location
وجوه المؤمنين يوم القيامة ذات نعمة؛ لسعيها في الدنيا بالطاعات راضية في الآخرة، في جنة رفيعة المكان والمكانة، لا تسمع فيها كلمة لغو واحدة، فيها عين تتدفق مياهها، فيها سرر عالية وأكواب معدة للشاربين، ووسائد مصفوفة، الواحدة جنب الأخرى، وبُسُط كثيرة مفروشة.
أي عالية ناعمة كثيرة الفرش مرتفعة السمك عليها الحور العين قالوا فإذا أراد ولي الله أن يجلس على تلك السرر العالية تواضعت له.
( فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَّرْفُوعَةٌ ) أى : فى الجنة أماكن يجلس عليها أهلها جلوسا مرتفعا عن الأرض .وينامون فوقها نوما هادئا لذيذا . . والسرر : جمع سرير ، وهو الشئ ذو القوائم المرتفعة الذى يتخذ للجلوس والاضطجاع .ووصف - سبحانه - هذه السرر بالارتفاع ، لزيادة تصوير حسنها .
وقوله: ( فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَرْفُوعَةٌ ) والسرر: جمع سرير، مرفوعة ليرى المؤمن إذا جلس عليها جميع ما خوّله ربه من النعيم والملك فيها، ويلحق جميع ذلك بصره.وقيل: عُنِي بقول مرفوعة: موضونة.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس: ( فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَرْفُوعَةٌ ) يعني: موضونة، كقوله: سُرر مصفوفة، بعضها فوق بعض.
"فيها سرر مرفوعة"، قال ابن عباس : ألواحها من ذهب مكللة بالزبرجد والدر والياقوت ، مرتفعة ما لم يجيء أهلها ، فإذا أراد أن يجلس عليها تواضعت له حتى يجلس عليها ، ثم ترتفع إلى مواضعها .
فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَرْفُوعَةٌ (13) صفة رابعة لجنة .وأعيد قوله : { فيها } دون أن يعطف { سرر } على { عين } [ الغاشية : 12 ] عطفَ المفردات لأن عطف السرر على { عَيْنٌ } يبدو نابياً عن الذوق لعدم الجامع بين عين الماء والسرر في الذهن لولا أن جمعها الكون في الجنة فلذلك كرر ظرف { فيها } تصريحاً بأن تلك الظرفية هي الجامع ، ولأن بين ظرفية العين الجارية في الجنة وبين ظرفية السرر وما عطف عليه من متاع القصور والأثاث تفاوتاً و { سُرر } : جمع سرير ، وهو ما يُجلس عليه ويضطجع عليه فيسع الإنسان المضطجع ، يتخذ من خشب أو حديد له قوائم ليكون مرتفعاً عن الأرض . ولما كان الارتفاع عن الأرض مأخوذاً في مفهوم السرر كان وصفها ب { مرفوعة } لتصوير حُسنها .و { الأكواب } : جمع كُوب بضم الكاف ، وهو إناء للخَمر له ساق ولا عروة له .و { موضوعةٌ } : أي لا ترفع من بين أيديهم كما تُرفع آنية الشراب في الدنيا إذا بلغ الشاربون حد الاستطاعة من تناول الخمر ، وكني ب { موضوعة } عن عدم انقطاع لذة الشراب طَعماً ونشوة ، أي موضوعة بما فيها من أشربة .وبَينَ { مرفوعة } و { موضوعة } ، إيهَام الطِّباق لأن حقيقة معنى الرفع ضد حقيقة معنى الوضع ، ولا تضادَّ بين مجاز الأول وحقيقة الثاني ولكنه إيهام التضاد .والنَّمارق : جمع نُمرقة بضم النون وسكون ميم بعدها راء مضمومة وهي الوسادة التي يَتكىء عليها الجالس والمضطجعُ .
{ فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَرْفُوعَةٌ } و " السرر "" جمع "" سرير "" وهي المجالس المرتفعة في ذاتها، وبما عليها من الفرش اللينة الوطيئة."
أي عالية .وروي أنه كان ارتفاعها قدر ما بين السماء والأرض , ليرى ولي الله ملكه حوله .
Man observes that a serviceable animal like the camel is obedient to him. The sky in all its majesty is well disposed towards him. The earth, without any effort on our part, is subservient to our interests. All these phenomena remind a thoughtful man of God and the Hereafter. Those who derive the nourishment of remembrance from these arrangements of the world have established their entitlement to God’s eternal bounties, while those who have remained lost in forgetfulness and neglect, have proved that they deserve to be deprived of every kind of bounty—forever.
لَّا تَسْمَعُ فِيهَا لَاغِيَةً (in which they will not hear any absurd talk...88:11). It includes the words of disbelief, futile or idle talk, obscene language, calumny or false accusation, or any other talk that hurts people's feelings. On another occasion, the Qur'an puts it thus:
لَا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا تَأْثِيمًا
'They will hear neither an absurd talk therein, nor something leading to sin, [ 56:25]
This shows that false accusation and absurd talks are hurtful. That is why the Holy Qur'an has described it as a blessing to the inmates of Paradise that no such foolish words will come across their ears that may pollute their hearts.
(Wherein) in Paradise (are couches raised) in the air for as long as its owners are away; it is also said that they are raised for its people.
and therein are raised couches,That is, raised beds, upon each of which are seventy mattresses (firāsh) each as lofty as a high palace (ghurfa) of this world. Sahl said:God, Exalted is He, mentioned these bounties to make it [Paradise] enticing for them. While He warns them that His punishment is in proportion to His authority (sulṭān), [He also informs them that] His generosity (karāma) is in proportion to His tremendousness (ʿaẓīm al-shaʾn) and authority (sulṭān). However, the hearts of the disbelievers in Mecca did not benefit fromthis, even though He reminded them of His omnipotence (qudra), in order that they might take a lesson [from it].Then He says, Exalted is He:
The Condition of the People of Paradise on the Day of Judgement
After mentioning the situation of the wretched people, Allah changes the discussion to mention those who will be happy. He says,
وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ
(Faces that Day.) meaning, on the Day of Judgement.
نَّاعِمَةٌ
(will be joyful,) meaning, pleasure will be noticeable in them (those faces). This will only occur due to their striving. Sufyan said,
لِّسَعْيِهَا رَاضِيَةٌ
(Glad with their endeavor.) "They will be pleased with their deeds." Then Allah says,
فِى جَنَّةٍ عَالِيَةٍ
(In a lofty Paradise.) meaning, elevated and brilliant, secure in their dwellings.
لاَّ تَسْمَعُ فِيهَا لَـغِيَةً
(Where they shall neither hear harmful speech nor falsehood.) meaning, they will not hear in the Paradise that they will be in, any foolish word. This is as Allah says,
لاَّ يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْواً إِلاَّ سَلَـماً
(They shall not hear therein any Laghw, but only Salam.) (19:62) Allah also says,
لاَّ لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلاَ تَأْثِيمٌ
(Free from any Laghw, and free from sin.) (52:23) and He says,
لاَ يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْواً وَلاَ تَأْثِيماً - إِلاَّ قِيلاً سَلَـماً سَلَـماً
(No Laghw will they hear therein, nor any sinful speech. But only the saying of: "Salam! Salam!" ) (56:25-26) Then Allah continues,
فِيهَا عَيْنٌ جَارِيَةٌ
(Therein will be a running spring.) meaning, flowing freely. This is mentioned with the intent of emphasizing affirmation. It is not intended to mean that there is only one spring. So here it refers to springs collectively. Thus, the meaning is that in it (Paradise) are flowing springs. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«أَنْهَارُ الْجَنَّةِ تَفَجَّرُ مِنْ تَحْتِ تِلَالِ أَوْ مِنْ تَحْتِ جِبَالِ الْمِسْك»
(The rivers of Paradise spring forth from beneath hills -- or mountains -- of musk.)
فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَّرْفُوعَةٌ
(Therein will be thrones raised high.) meaning, lofty, delightful, numerous couches, with elevated ceilings. Upon which will be seated wide-eyed, beautiful maidens. They have mentioned that whenever the friend of Allah wishes to sit on these lofty thrones, they (the thrones) will lower themselves for him.
وَأَكْوَابٌ مَّوْضُوعَةٌ
(And cups set at hand.) meaning, drinking containers that are prepared and presented for whoever among their masters (i.e., the people of Paradise) wants them.
وَنَمَارِقُ مَصْفُوفَةٌ
(And Namariq set in rows.) Ibn `Abbas said, "An-Namariq are pillows." This was also said by `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Ath-Thawri and others. Concerning Allah's statement,
وَزَرَابِيُّ مَبْثُوثَةٌ
(And Zarabi, spread out (Mabthuthah).) Ibn `Abbas said, "Az-Zarabi are carpets." This was also said by Ad-Dahhak and others. Here the word Mabthuthah means placed here and there for whoever would like to sit upon them.