The Rock, Stoneland, Rock City — Verse 92

The Messenger is a Plain Warner Allah commanded His Prophet to tell the people: إِنِّى أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْمُبِينُ (I am indeed a plain warner) coming to warn the people of a severe punishment that they will suffer if they reject him, as happened to those nations before them who disbelieved in their Messengers, upon whom Allah sent His punishment and vengeance. In the two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet said: «إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ مَا بَعَثَنِي اللهُ بِهِ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ أَتَى قَوْمَهَ فَقَالَ: يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْجَيْشَ بِعَيْنَيَّ، وَإِنِّي أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْعُرْيَانُ فَالنَّجَاءَ النَّجَاءَ، فَأَطَاعَهُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فَأَدْلَجُوا وَانْطَلَقُوا عَلَى مُهْلِهِمْ فَنَجَوْا، وَكَذَّبَهُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُوا مَكَانَهُمْ، فَصَبَّحَهُمُ الْجَيْشُ فَأَهْلَكَهُمْ وَاجْتَاحَهُمْ، فَذَلِكَ مَثَلُ مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي وَاتَّبَعَ مَا جِئْتُ بِهِ وَمَثَلُ مَنْ عَصَانِي وَكَذَّبَ مَا جِئْتُ بِهِ مِنَ الْحَق» (The parable of myself and that with which Allah has sent me is that of a man who came to his people and said, `O people! I have seen the invading army with my own eyes, and I am a naked warner, so escape, escape!' Some of his people obeyed him and set out at nightfall, setting off at a slow pace and managing to escape. Others did not believe him and stayed where they were until the next morning when the invading army overtook them and destroyed them, wiping them out. This is the parable of the one who obeys me and follows what I have brought, and the example of the one who disobeys me and rejects the truth that I have brought.) Explanation of "Al-Muqtasimin الْمُقْتَسِمِينَ (the Muqtasimin) refers to those who had made a pact to oppose, deny, and insult the Prophets. Similarly, Allah tells us about the people of Salih: قَالُواْ تَقَاسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ لَنُبَيِّتَنَّهُ وَأَهْلَهُ (They said, "Swear to one another Taqasamu by Allah that we shall make a secret night attack on him and his household") 27:49 i.e., they plotted to kill him at night. Mujahid said "Taqasamu means they swore an oath." وَأَقْسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ لاَ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَن يَمُوتُ (And they swear by Allah with their strongest oaths, that Allah will not raise up one who dies)(16:38). أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُواْ أَقْسَمْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ ((It will be said): "Did you not before swear that you would not leave (the world for the Hereafter)) (14:44) أَهَـؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمْتُمْ لاَ يَنَالُهُمُ اللَّهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ (Are they those, of whom you swore that Allah would never show them mercy)7:49 It is as if they took an oath for every single thing that they denied in this world, so they are called the Muqtasimin. الَّذِينَ جَعَلُواْ الْقُرْءَانَ عِضِينَ (Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) meaning, they have split up the Books that were revealed to them, believing in parts of them and rejecting parts of them. Al-Bukhari reported that Ibn `Abbas said, جَعَلُواْ الْقُرْءَانَ عِضِينَ (Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) "They are the People of the Book, who divided the Book into parts, believing in some of it, and rejecting some of it." Some have said that Al-Mutaqasimin refers to the Quraysh, that the Qur'an means this Qur'an as opposed to the Scriptures of the People of the Book, and that "made it into parts" referred to what `Ata' said that some of them said that he (the Prophet ) was a sorcerer, some said he was crazy, or a soothsayer. These various allegations were the parts. This opinion was also reported from Ad-Dahhak and others. Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Ibn `Abbas that Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah - holding a noble position among the people - rallied a group of Quraysh behind him when Al-Mawsim (the time for pilgrims to meet in Makkah for Hajj) had come. He said to them, "O people of Quraysh! The time of Al-Mawsim has come, and delegations of Arabs will come to you during this time. They will have heard some things about this companion of yours (meaning the Prophet ), so agree on one opinion, let there be no contradicting or denials of each other's sayings". They said, "And you, O Abu `Abd Shams, give us an opinion and we will say that." He said, "No, you make the suggestions and I will listen." They said, "We say he is a soothsayer." He said, "He is not a soothsayer." They said, "We say he is crazy." He said, "He is not crazy." They said, "We say he is a poet." He said, "He is not a poet." They said, "We say he is a sorcerer." He said, "He is not a sorcerer." They said, "So what should we say" He said, "By Allah, what he says is as palatable to the average person as something sweet, so you cannot say anything against it without it being obviously false. Therefore the most appropriate thing you can say is that he is a sorcerer." So they left having agreed upon that, and Allah revealed concerning them: الَّذِينَ جَعَلُواْ الْقُرْءَانَ عِضِينَ (Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) meaning, of different types, and فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْـَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ - عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do) Those were the group who said that about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْـَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ - عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do.) Abu Ja`far reported from Ar-Rabi` that Abu Al-`Aliyah said, "All the people will be asked about two things on the Day of Resurrection: what they used to worship, and what their response was to the Messengers." `Ali bin Abi Talhah repor- ted that Ibn `Abbas said, فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْـَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ - عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do.) then he said: فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لاَّ يُسْـَلُ عَن ذَنبِهِ إِنسٌ وَلاَ جَآنٌّ (So on that Day no question will be asked of man or Jinn as to his sin) (55:39). He said, "They will not be asked, `Did you do such and such' Because Allah knows better than they do about that. But He will say, `Why did you do such and such"'

By your Lord We shall question them all — a questioning involving rebuke —

فوربك لنحاسبنَّهم يوم القيامة ولنجزينهم أجمعين، عن تقسيمهم للقرآن بافتراءاتهم، وتحريفه وتبديله، وغير ذلك مما كانوا يعملونه من عبادة الأوثان، ومن المعاصي والآثام. وفي هذا ترهيب وزجر لهم من الإقامة على هذه الأفعال القبيحة.

" فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين عما كانوا يعملون " أولئك النفر الذين قالوا لرسول الله. وقال عبد الله هو ابن مسعود والذي لا إله غيره ما منكم من أحد إلا سيخلو الله به يوم القيامة كما يخلو أحدكم بالقمر ليلة البدر فيقول: ابن آدم ماذا غرك منى بي؟ ابن آدم ماذا عملت فيما علمت؟ ابن آدم ماذا أجبت المرسلين؟.

ثم أكد - سبحانه - هذا التهديد والوعيد فقال : ( فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْأَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ ) .والفاء هنا متفرعة على ما سبق تأكيده فى قوله ( وَإِنَّ الساعة لآتِيَةٌ . . . ) إذ فى هذا اليوم يكون سؤالهم .والواو للقسم ، أى : فوحق ربك - أيها الرسول الكريم - الذى خلقك فسواك فعدلك ، لنسألن هؤلاء المكذبين جميعًا ، سؤال توبيخ وتقريع وتبكيت .

يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: فوربك يا محمد لنسألنّ هؤلاء الذين جعلوا القرآن في الدنيا عِضين في الآخرة عما كانوا يعملون في الدنيا، فيما أمرناهم به ، وفيما بعثناك به إليهم من آي كتابي الذي أنـزلته إليهم ، وفيما دعوناهم إليه من الإقرار به ومن توحيدي والبراءة من الأنداد والأوثان..وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك ، قال أهل التأويل.ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا أبو كريب وأبو السائب، قالا ثنا ابن إدريس، قال: سمعت ليثا، عن بشير، عن أنس، في قوله (فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْأَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ) قال: عن شهادة أن لا اله إلا الله.حدثنا أحمد بن إسحاق، قال: ثنا أبو أحمد، قال: ثنا شريك، عن ليث، عن بشير بن نهيك، عن أنس، عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: (فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْأَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ) قال: " عن لا إله إلا الله ".حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا جرير، عن ليث، عن بشير، عن أنس، عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نحوه.

"فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين"، يوم القيامة.

الفاء للتفريع ، وهذا تفريع على ما سبق من قوله تعالى : { وإن الساعة لآتية فاصفح الصفح الجميل } [ سورة الحجر : 85 ].والواو للقسم ، فالمفرع هو القسم وجوابُه . والمقصود بالقسم تأكيد الخبر . وليس الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام ممن يشكّ في صدق هذا الوعيد؛ ولكن التأكيد متسلطّ على ما في الخبر من تهديد معاد ضمير النصب في { لنسألنهم }.

تفسير الآيتين 92 و93 :ـ { فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين } أي: جميع من قدح فيه وعابه وحرفه وبدله { عما كانوا يعملون } وفي هذا أعظم ترهيب وزجر لهم عن الإقامة على ما كانوا عليه

قوله تعالى : فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين[ ص: 55 ] قوله تعالى : فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين أي لنسألن هؤلاء الذين جرى ذكرهم عما عملوا في الدنيا . وفي البخاري : وقال عدة من أهل العلم في قوله : " فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين عما كانوا يعملون " عن لا إله إلا الله .قلت : وهذا قد روي مرفوعا ، روى الترمذي الحكيم قال : حدثنا الجارود بن معاذ قال حدثنا الفضل بن موسى عن شريك عن ليث عن بشير بن نهيك عن أنس بن مالك عن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في قوله : فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين عما كانوا يعملون قال : عن قول لا إله إلا الله قال أبو عبد الله : معناه عندنا عن صدق لا إله إلا الله ووفائها ; وذلك أن الله - تعالى - ذكر في تنزيله العمل فقال : عما كانوا يعملون ولم يقل عما كانوا يقولون ، وإن كان قد يجوز أن يكون القول أيضا عمل اللسان ، فإنما المعني به ما يعرفه أهل اللغة أن القول قول والعمل عمل . وإنما قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : عن لا إله إلا الله أي عن الوفاء بها والصدق لمقالها . كما قال الحسن البصري : ليس الإيمان بالتحلي ولا الدين بالتمني ولكن ما وقر في القلوب وصدقته الأعمال . ولهذا ما قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : من قال لا إله إلا الله مخلصا دخل الجنة قيل : يا رسول الله ، وما إخلاصها ؟ قال : أن تحجزه عن محارم الله . رواه زيد بن أرقم . وعنه أيضا قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : إن الله عهد إلي ألا يأتيني أحد من أمتي بلا إله إلا الله لا يخلط بها شيئا إلا وجبت له الجنة قالوا : يا رسول الله ، وما الذي يخلط بلا إله إلا الله ؟ قال : حرصا على الدنيا وجمعا لها ومنعا لها ، يقولون قول الأنبياء ويعملون أعمال الجبابرة . وروى أنس بن مالك قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : لا إله إلا الله تمنع العباد من سخط الله ما لم [ ص: 56 ] يؤثروا صفقة دنياهم على دينهم فإذا آثروا صفقة دنياهم على دينهم ثم قالوا لا إله إلا الله ردت عليهم وقال الله كذبتم . أسانيدها في نوادر الأصول .قلت : والآية بعمومها تدل على سؤال الجميع ومحاسبتهم كافرهم ومؤمنهم ، إلا من دخل الجنة بغير حساب على ما بيناه في كتاب ( التذكرة ) . فإن قيل : وهل يسأل الكافر ويحاسب ؟ قلنا : فيه خلاف وذكرناه في التذكرة . والذي يظهر سؤاله للآية وقوله : وقفوهم إنهم مسئولون وقوله : إن إلينا إيابهم ثم إن علينا حسابهم . فإن قيل : فقد قال - تعالى - : ولا يسأل عن ذنوبهم المجرمون وقال : فيومئذ لا يسأل عن ذنبه إنس ولا جان ، وقال : ولا يكلمهم الله ، وقال : إنهم عن ربهم يومئذ لمحجوبون . قلنا : القيامة مواطن ، فموطن يكون فيه سؤال وكلام ، وموطن لا يكون ذلك فيه . قال عكرمة : القيامة مواطن ، يسأل في بعضها ولا يسأل في بعضها . وقال ابن عباس : ( لا يسألهم سؤال استخبار واستعلام هل عملتم كذا وكذا ; لأن الله عالم بكل شيء ، ولكن يسألهم سؤال تقريع وتوبيخ فيقول لهم : لم عصيتم القرآن وما حجتكم فيه ؟ واعتمد قطرب هذا القول . وقيل : لنسألنهم أجمعين يعني المؤمنين المكلفين ; بيانه قوله - تعالى - : ثم لتسئلن يومئذ عن النعيم . والقول بالعموم أولى كما ذكر . والله أعلم .

The ‘seven oft-repeated verses’ refers to the first chapter of the Quran. It is the essence of the whole Quran, and the rest of the Quran is an elaboration upon it. Undoubtedly, the Quran is the greatest gift of God. Its being a book of guidance offers the guarantee of success in the Hereafter to its believers and its being the last book makes it essential that it should necessarily overcome its opponents, because if it does not prevail, it cannot exist as the last book. The preacher of God’s word should not be despondent over those who have not embraced the Faith, but should be satisfied looking at those who have embraced the Faith and devote his full attention to making them contented and giving them training. Fragmenting the Quran (the scriptures) means fragmenting the Torah. The ancient Jews had divided their holy scriptures into two parts. They used to leave out those teachings that went against the desires of the self, while those that were consistent with the wishes of the self were welcomed by them. The first type of verses were kept only as holy relics but were disregarded. Because these verses did not find favour with them, they did not propagate them, whereas they gave wide publicity to the other type of verses which were in consonance with their desires. In other words, they had made the Book of God subservient to their self-interest, instead of it being a means to encourage human beings to obey the commands of God. There are two ways of finding a thing. One is to find its parts and the other is to find it in its totality. When a man recognises a tree in its totality, he says: ‘This is a tree.’ But if he does not recognise it in its totality, he will mention its trunk, branches, leaves, flowers and fruit. He will not be able to utter that one word, on uttering which different parts become rooted in one root and take the shape of one unit. The same is true of God’s Book. There are many different commandments in God’s Book. At the same time it has its totality and its central point. Those who are engrossed in God’s Book will find God’s Book in its totality. On the contrary, when those who are engrossed in themselves see God’s Book, it appears to them only as a collection of miscellaneous commandments. From these they pick and choose a part which suits their taste and condition and start laying stress upon it, as if only that was what mattered most. When the roots of a tree are watered, the water reaches all of their parts. Similarly, if the central aspect of God’s Book is revivified, the moment this happens, all the remaining parts come necessarily to life. As opposed to this, if some parts are selected to the exclusion of all others and much emphasis is laid on them, there can be a great deal of outward fanfare about this, but the real revival of religion does not take place, because its core features have been ignored. And the revival can take place only by reviving its central point.

Commentary Surah Al-Fatihah is the Text and Summary of the Whole Qur'an That Surah Al-Fatihah (The Opening) has been called the Glorious Qur’ an in this verse (87) indicates that Surah Al-Fatihah is, in a way, the whole Qur’ an - because the basic principles of Islam have been merged in it.l 1. In order to understand this, one must keep in mind that the words: اَلسَبعَ المثانِی واَلقُرآن (the seven oft repeated verses and the glorious Qur'an) in verse (87) are interpreted by the commentators in different ways. Most of them are of the view that 'seven oft-repeated verses' refer to Surah al-Fatihah which consists of seven verses. Since these seven verses are repeated in every Salah, they have been referred to in the verse 87 as 'oft-repeated verses'. Then, the words 'and the glorious Qur'an' occurring after it are of explanatory nature which refer to the same 'seven oft repeated verses'. Therefore, the name of the 'glorious Qur'an' has been given here to the Surah al-Fatihah itself. The comment of the author is based on this interpretation. On Being Questioned in Al-Mal} shar : About what will it be? In verse 92, swearing by His Own sacred Being, Allah Ta’ ala has declared that all such people who came earlier or later shall definitely be questioned. The Sahabah ؓ asked the Holy Prophet ﷺ as to what it will be about. He said that it will be about saying: لا إله إلا اللہ (la ilaha illallah: there is no god worthy of worship but Allah). Al-Qurtubi, after reporting this narration in his Tafsir, has said: It means the fulfilling of this pledge practically as signified by the Kalimah Tayyibah: La ilaha illallah. A simple verbal statement is not what is desired here because, as for verbal attestation, that was done by the hypocrites (munafiqin) too. Hazrat al-Hasan al-Basri (رح) said: 'Iman (faith) does not become a living reality by taking on a particular style and form, and Din (religion) does not prosper by simply having the best of wishes for it. 'Iman is the name of that certitude which has been poured into the heart and which has been proved true by deeds. This is well illustrated by a Hadith from Sayyidna Zayd ibn Arqam in which the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said: A person who says: لا إله إلا اللہ (la ilaha illallah : there is no god worthy of worship but Allah) with ikhlas (totally unalloyed sincerity) will definitely go to Jannah. People asked: Ya Rasul Allah, how is 'ikhlas' related to this Kalimah? He said: When this Kalimah stops a person from what has been prohibited by Allah as unlawful and impermissible, then, it is with 'ikhlas' (with sincerity in the absolute sense). (Qurtubi)

(Them, by thy Lord) O Muhammad; Allah here swore by Himself, (We shall question) on the Day of Judgement, (every one),

By your Lord, We will question them all,He said:In this verse there is specificity (khuṣūṣ) [within the all]. For indeed there are among this nation (umma) those who are gathered up from their graves [and taken] directly to Paradise, who do not attend the reckoning (ḥisāb), or experience any of the horrors [of the day]. They are those of whom God, Exalted is He, says, they will be kept away from it [21:101]. And indeed the Prophet said: �Verily, the friends of God (awliyāʾ Allāh) leave their graves for Paradise and they do not stop for the reckoning, nor do they fear the length of that day. They are the first to reach Paradise. God is well-pleased with them and they are well-pleased with Him. That is the great triumph [5:119].�His words, Exalted is He: