The Poets — Verse 193

The Qur'an was revealed by Allah Here Allah tells us about the Book which He revealed to His servant and Messenger Muhammad ﷺ. وَأَنَّهُ (And truly, this) refers to the Qur'an, which at the beginning of the Surah was described as وَمَا يَأْتِيهِم مِّن ذِكْرٍ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَـنِ مُحْدَثٍ (and never comes there unto them a Reminder as a recent revelation from the Most Gracious...) (26:5). لَتَنزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ (is a revelation from the Lord of Al-`Alamin.) means, Allah has sent it down to you and revealed it to you. نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الاٌّمِينُ (Which the trustworthy Ruh has brought down.) This refers to Jibril, peace be upon him. This was the view of more than one of the Salaf: Ibn `Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Qatadah, `Atiyyah Al-`Awfi, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Jurayj. This is an issue concerning which there is no dispute. Az-Zuhri said, "This is like the Ayah: قُلْ مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ (Say: "Whoever is an enemy to Jibril -- for indeed he has brought it down to your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what came before it...") (2:97). عَلَى قَلْبِكَ (Upon your heart) `O Muhammad, free from any contamination, with nothing added or taken away.' لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ (that you may be of the warners,) means, `so that you may warn people with it of the punishment of Allah for those who go against it and disbelieve in it, and so that you may give glad tidings with it to the believers who follow it.' بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِىٍّ مُّبِينٍ (In the plain Arabic language.) meaning, `this Qur'an which We have revealed to you, We have revealed in perfect and eloquent Arabic, so that it may be quite clear, leaving no room for excuses and establishing clear proof, showing the straight path.' وَإِنَّهُ لَفِى زُبُرِ الاٌّوَّلِينَ أَوَلَمْيَكُن لَّهُمْ ءَايَةً أَن يَعْلَمَهُ عُلَمَاءُ بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَوَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَـهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الاٌّعْجَمِينَ

brought down by the Trustworthy Spirit Gabriel

وإن هذا القرآن الذي ذُكِرَتْ فيه هذه القصص الصادقة، لَمنزَّل مِن خالق الخلق، ومالك الأمر كله، نزل به جبريل الأمين، فتلاه عليك - أيها الرسول - حتى وعيته بقلبك حفظًا وفهمًا؛ لتكون مِن رسل الله الذين يخوِّفون قومهم عقاب الله، فتنذر بهذا التنزيل الإنس والجن أجمعين. نزل به جبريل عليك بلغة عربية واضحة المعنى، ظاهرة الدلالة، فيما يحتاجون إليه في إصلاح شؤون دينهم ودنياهم.

"نزل به الروح الأمين" وهو جبريل عليه السلام قاله غير واحد من السلف: ابن عباس ومحمد بن كعب وقتادة وعطية العوفي والسدي والضحاك والزهري وابن جريج وهذا مما لا نزاع فيه قال الزهري وهذه كقوله "قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله مصدقا لما بين يديه" وقال مجاهد: من كلمه الروح الأمين لا تأكله الأرض.

ثم وصف - سبحانه - من نزل به بالأمانة فقال : ( نَزَلَ بِهِ الروح الأمين ) وهو جبريل - عليه السلام - وعبر عنه بالروح ، لأن الأرواح تحيا بما نزل به كما تحيا الأجسام بالغذاء .

واختلف القرّاء في قراءة قوله ( نـزلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) فقرأته عامة قرّاء الحجاز والبصرة ( نـزل ) به مخففة ( الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) رفعا بمعنى: أن الروح الأمين هو الذي نـزل بالقرآن على محمد, وهو جبريل. وقرأ ذلك عامة قرّاء أهل الكوفة.( نـزل ) مشددة الزاي ( الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) نصبا, بمعنى: أن رب العالمين نـزل بالقرآن الروح الأمين, وهو جبريل عليه السلام.والصواب من القول فى ذلك عندنا أن يقال: إنهما قراءتان مستفيضتان فى قرّاء الأمصار, متقاربتا المعنى, فأيتهما قرأ القارئ فمصيب, وذلك أن الروح الأمين إذا نـزل على محمد بالقرآن, لم ينـزل به إلا بأمر الله إياه بالنـزول, ولن يجهل أن ذلك كذلك ذو إيمان بالله, وأن الله إذا أنـزله به نـزل.وبنحو الذي قلنا في أن المعني بالروح الأمين في هذا الموضع جبريل قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبى, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس. في قوله: ( نـزلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) قال: جبريل.حدثنا الحسين, قال أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة, في قول الله: ( نـزلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) قال: جبريل.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج قال: ( الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) جبريل.حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ ) قال: جبريل.

( نزل به الروح الأمين ) قرأ أهل الحجاز ، وأبو عمرو ، وحفص : " نزل " خفيف ، " الروح الأمين " برفع الحاء والنون ، أي " نزل جبريل بالقرآن . وقرأ الآخرون بتشديد الزاي وفتح الحاء والنون أي : نزل الله به جبريل ، لقوله - عز وجل - : " وإنه لتنزيل رب العالمين " .

نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ وقرأ نافع وابن كثير وأبو عمَرو وحفص وأبو جعفر بتخفيف زاي { نزل } ورفع { الروحُ } . وقرأ ابن عامر وحمزة والكسائي وأبو بكر عن عاصم ويعقوب وخلف { نَزَّل } بتشديد الزاي ونصب { الروح الأمينَ } ، أي نزلّه الله به .و { الروح الأمين } جبريل وهو لقبه في القرآن ، سمّي رُوحاً لأن الملائكة من عالم الروحانيات وهي المجردات . وتقدم الكلام على الروح في سورة الإسراء ، وتقدم { روح القدس } في البقرة ( 87 ) . ونزول جبريل إذنُ الله تعالى ، فنزولُه تنزيل من رب العالمين .والأمين } صفة جبريل لأن الله أمنه على وحيه . والباء في قوله : { نزل به } للمصاحبة .

(نزلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الأمِينُ) وهو جبريل عليه السلام, الذي هو أفضل الملائكة وأقواهم (الأمِينُ) الذي قد أمن أن يزيد فيه أو ينقص.

نزل به الروح الأمين " نزل " مخففا قرأ نافع وابن كثير وأبو عمرو . الباقون : ( نزل ) مشددا به الروح الأمين نصبا وهو اختيار أبي حاتم وأبي عبيد لقوله : وإنه لتنزيل وهو مصدر " نزل " والحجة لمن قرأ بالتخفيف أن يقول ليس هذا بمقدر ، لأن المعنى وإن القرآن لتنزيل رب العالمين نزل به جبريل إليك ; كما قال تعالى : قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك أي يتلوه عليك فيعيه قلبك . وقيل : ليثبت قلبك .

Though the Quran has been revealed in a language of human beings, its literary superiority is extraordinary, so much so that its language itself provides proof of the Quran being a superior Divine discourse of God. Another proof of the Truth of the Quran is that, the prophets, born long before the revelation of the Quran,had predicted it. This prediction is found even today in the Torah, Zabur (Book of Psalms) and Injeel (Bible). It was on the basis of these predictions that a number of the Christian and Jewish scholars of those days (for example ‘Abdullah ibn Salam) embraced the faith. This trend continues even today. The revelation of the Divine discourse of God with such special arrangements, could be only for a certain special purpose and this purpose is to warn the people of the coming Day of Judgement: Just as warning about the Hereafter was the special purpose of all the previous revealed Books, so is it the special purpose of the Quran.

Commentary Qur’ an is the name of the collection of its words and meanings نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّ‌وحُ الْأَمِينُ ﴿193﴾ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنذِرِ‌ينَ ﴿194﴾ بِلِسَانٍ عَرَ‌بِيٍّ مُّبِينٍ ﴿195﴾ وَإِنَّهُ لَفِي زُبُرِ‌ الْأَوَّلِينَ ﴿196﴾ It is brought by the Trusted Spirit down [ 193] to your heart, so that you become one of the warners [ 194] in plain Arabic language. [ 195] And of course, it is (mentioned) in the scriptures of the former people. [ 196] The words بِلِسَانٍ عَرَ‌بِيٍّ مُّبِينٍ (in plain Arabic language - 195) in these verses makes it clear that Qur'an is only that which is in Arabic language. Any translation of a passage or the whole of Qur'an in any language cannot be called Qur'an. But the next sentence وَإِنَّهُ لَفِي زُبُرِ‌ الْأَوَّلِينَ (And of course, it is [ mentioned ] in the scriptures of the former people - 196) does not seem to be in consonance with it, because the pronoun 'it' is apparently refers to the Qur'an and means that the Qur'an was also in the earlier scriptures, i.e. in Torah, Injil and Zabur. It is also well known that the earlier books, namely Torah, Injil and Zabur, were not in the Arabic language. Hence the inclusion of the meanings of Qur’ an in them is referred in this verse as ` Qur'an'. Answer to this apparent contradiction is that according to majority of the Ummah, sometimes even the subject matter of the Qur’ an is called Qur'an in a general sense, because the real purpose of a book is the subjects it deals with. The statement that earlier books also contained Qur'an is in this sense only that they included some Qur'anic subjects. This statement is also endorsed by many narrations of hadith. Sayyidna Maquil ibn Yasar ؓ has reported a Hadith in Mustadrak of Hakim that the Holy Prophet ﷺ has said that Surah Al-Baqarah was given to him from ` adh-dhikr al-'awwal', and Surah Taha, Tawasin طوسین all Surahs starting from Tasin) and Hawamim حَوَامیم (all Surahs beginning with Ha) were given from the tablets of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) ، while Surah Al-Fatihah was given to him from under the Arsh عَرش (the great Throne). Tabarani, Hakim, Baihaqi etc. have reported on the authority of Sayyidna Abdullah ibn Masud ؓ that Surah Al-Mulk is present in Torah as well. (Al-Hadith). The Surah سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَ‌بِّكَ الْأَعْلَى has itself said, إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَفِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولَىٰ صُحُفِ إِبْرَ‌اهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ (87:18, 19) that is these subjects have also appeared in the books of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) and Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) . The gist of all these verses and narrations is that many a subjects of the Qur'an were also covered in the earlier books as well. But it does not jean that those parts of the earlier books in which the Qur'anic subjects were covered are given the name of Qur'an. No one in the Ummah is of the opinion that those parts of the earlier books, be called Qur'an. Instead the majority of Ummah believes that Qur'an is the name not only of its wordings but also of its meanings. If someone picks up some of the Quranic words from different places and put them together to make a passage like الحمد للہ العزیز الرّحیم الَّذی لہ ملک السَّمٰوٰت و ھو رَبّ العٰلمین خالق کُلّ شیٔ وھو الْمُسْتَعَانُ , it will not be called Qur'an, despite the fact that all these words are taken from the Qur'an. Likewise, only the meanings of Qur'an, irrespective of the language they are rendered in, cannot be regarded as Qur'an. Reciting translation of Qur’ an in prayers is not allowed by consensus of Ummah The whole Ummah is unanimous on the rule that reciting the translation of the Qur'an in any other language like Urdu, Persian, English etc. is not sufficient for discharging the obligation of recitation in Sala, except in a case of extreme necessity. The jurists who are reported to have relaxed this rule have, later on, changed their view. Urdu translation of Qur’ an is not allowed to be called Urdu Qur’ an If only the translation of the Qur'an is written in any language without the Arabic text, it cannot be called the Qur'an. Some people call the Urdu translation of the Qur'an as Urdu Qur'an, or the English translation of the Qur'an as English Qur'an. It is not right and amounts to disrespect of the Holy Book. Printing, calling or trading of something in the name of Qur'an, without the Arabic text of the Qur'an, is not permitted. This subject is dealt with in detail in my treatise (تحذیر الاخوان عن تغییر رسم القرآن)

(Which the True Spirit hath brought down) Allah sent down Gabriel, the trustworthy Gabriel, to convey the message to His prophets,