The Qur'an tells the Story of the Differences among the Children of Israel, and Allah judges between Them
Allah tells us about His Book and the guidance, proof and criterion between right and wrong that it contains. He tells us about the Children of Israel, who were the bearers of the Tawrah and Injil.
أَكْثَرَ الَّذِى هُمْ فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
(most of that in which they differ.) such as their different opinions about `Isa. The Jews lied about him while the Christians exaggerated in praise for him, so the Qur'an came with the moderate word of truth and justice: that he was one of the servants of Allah, and one of His noble Prophets and Messengers, may the best of peace and blessings be upon him, as the Qur'an says:
ذلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِى فِيهِ يَمْتُرُونَ
(Such is `Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a statement of truth, about which they doubt) (19:34).
وَإِنَّهُ لَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلْمُؤمِنِينَ
(And truly, it is a guide and a mercy for the believers.) meaning, it is guidance for the hearts of those who believe in it, and a mercy to them. Then Allah says:
إِن رَبَّكَ يَقْضِى بَيْنَهُم
(Verily, your Lord will decide between them) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection,
بِحُكْمِهِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ
(by His judgement. And He is the All-Mighty,) means, in His vengeance,
الْعَلِيمُ
(the All-Knowing.) Who knows all that His servants do and say.
The Command to put One's Trust in Allah and to convey the Message
فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ
(So, put your trust in Allah;) in all your affairs, and convey the Message of your Lord.
إِنَّكَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ الْمُبِينِ
(surely, you are on manifest truth.) meaning, you are following manifest truth, even though you are opposed by those who oppose you because they are doomed. The Word of your Lord has been justified against them, so that they will not believe even if all the signs are brought to them. Allah says:
إِنَّكَ لاَ تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى
(Verily, you cannot make the dead to hear) meaning, you cannot cause them to hear anything that will benefit them. The same applies to those over whose hearts is a veil and in whose ears is deafness of disbelief. Allah says:
وَلاَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَآءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْاْ مُدْبِرِينَ
وَمَآ أَنتَ بِهَادِى الْعُمْىِ عَن ضَلَـلَتِهِمْ إِن تُسْمِعُ إِلاَّ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِـئَايَـتِنَا فَهُم مُّسْلِمُونَ-
(nor can you make the deaf to hear the call, when they flee, turning their backs. Nor can you lead the blind out of their error. You can only make to hear those who believe in Our Ayat, so they submit (became Muslims).) meaning, those who have hearing and insight will respond to you, those whose hearing and sight are of benefit to their hearts and who are humble towards Allah and to the Message that comes to them through the mouths of the Messengers, may peace be upon them.
Indeed you cannot make the dead hear nor can you make the deaf hear the call when al-du‘ā’a idhā read by pronouncing both hamzas or by not pronouncing the second one eliding it with the yā’ they have turned their backs upon you;
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear.In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge.The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy.Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines.Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, �We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.�Disown everything in the realm of being-be that Heart-taker's �companion of the cave.�The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures.Her love came to me before I knew love-it came across an empty heart and took possession.
إنك -أيها الرسول- لا تقدر أن تُسمع الحق مَن طبع الله على قلبه فأماته، ولا تُسمع دعوتك مَن أصمَّ الله سمعه عن سماع الحق عند إدبارهم معرضين عنك، فإن الأصم لا يسمع الدعاء إذا كان مقبلا، فكيف إذا كان معرضًا عنه موليًا مدبرًا؟
أي لا تسمعهم شيئا ينفعهم فكذلك هؤلاء على قلوبهم غشاوة وفي آذانهم وقر الكفر.
وقوله - تعالى - : ( إِنَّكَ لاَ تُسْمِعُ الموتى وَلاَ تُسْمِعُ الصم الدعآء إِذَا وَلَّوْاْ مُدْبِرِينَ . . ) تعليل آخر لوجول التوكل على الله - تعالى - .وقد شبه - سحبانه - أولئك المشركين ، بالأموات الذين فقدوا الحياة ، وبالصم الذين فقدوا السمع ، وبالعمى الذين فقدوا البصر ، وذلك لأنهم لم ينتفعوا بهذه الحواس ، فصاروا كالفاقدين لها .أى : دم - أيها الرسو الكريم - على توكلك على الله - تعالى - وحده ، وإنك لا تستطيع أن تسمع هؤلاء المشركين . ما يردهم عن شركهم ، لأنهم كالموتى الذين لا حس لهم ولا عقل ، ولأنهم كالصم الذين فقدوا نعمة السمع .وقوله : ( إِذَا وَلَّوْاْ مُدْبِرِينَ ) لتتميم التشبيه . وتأكيد نفى السماع . أى : إذا أعرضوا عن الحق إعراضا تاما ، وأدبروا عن الاستماع إليك .قال الجمل : فإن قلت : ما معنى قوله ( مُدْبِرِينَ ) والأصم لا يسمع سواء أقبل أو أدبر؟قلت : هو تأكيد ومبالغة للأصم . وقيل : إن الأصم إذا كان حاضرا قد يسمع رفع الصوت ، أو يفهم بالإشارة ، فإذا ولى لم يسمع ولم يفهم .ومعنى الآية : إنهم لفرط إعراضهم عما يدعون إليه كالميت ، الذى لا سبيل إلى إسماعه ، وكالأصم الذى با يسمع ولا يفهم .
وقوله: (إِنَّكَ لا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى ) يقول: إنك يا محمد لا تقدر أن تُفِهم الحقّ من طبع الله على قلبه فأماته, لأن الله قد ختم عليه أن لا يفهمه (وَلا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ ) يقول: ولا تقدر أن تسمع ذلك من أصمّ الله عن سماعه سمعه (إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ ) يقول: إذا هم أدبروا معرضين عنه, لا يسمعون له لغلبة دين الكفر على قلوبهم, ولا يُصغون للحقّ, ولا يتدبرونه, ولا ينصتون لقائله, ولكنهم يعرضون عنه, وينكرون القول به, والاستماع له.
( إنك لا تسمع الموتى ) يعني الكفار ، ( ولا تسمع الصم الدعاء ) قرأ ابن كثير : " لا يسمع " بالياء وفتحها وفتح الميم " الصم " رفع ، وكذلك في سورة الروم ، وقرأ الباقون بالتاء وضمها وكسر الميم ، " الصم " نصب . ( إذا ولوا مدبرين ) معرضين . فإن قيل ما معنى قوله : ( ولوا مدبرين ) وإذا كانوا صما لا يسمعون سواء ولوا أو لم يولوا ؟ . قيل ذكره : على سبيل التأكيد والمبالغة . وقيل : الأصم إذا كان حاضرا فقد يسمع برفع الصوت ويفهم بالإشارة ، فإذا ولى لم يسمع ولم يفهم . قال قتادة : الأصم إذا ولى مدبرا ثم ناديته لم يسمع ، كذلك الكافر لا يسمع ما يدعى إليه من الإيمان . ومعنى الآية : أنهم لفرط إعراضهم عما يدعون إليه كالميت الذي لا سبيل إلى إسماعه ، والأصم الذي لا يسمع .
إِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ (80)استئناف بياني جواباً عما يخطر في بال السامع عقب قوله { إنك على الحق المبين } [ النمل : 79 ] من التساؤل عن إعراض أهل الشرك لما عليه الرسول من الحق المبين . وهو أيضاً تعليل آخر للأمر بالتوكل على الله بالنظر إلى مدلوله الكنائي ، فموقع حرف التوكيد فيه كموقعه في التعليل بالجملة التي قبله . وهذا عذر للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وتسلية له ، ولكونه تعليلاً لجانب من التركيب وهو الجانب الكنائي غير الذي علل بجملة { إنك على الحق المبين } [ النمل : 79 ] لم تعطف هذه الجملة على التي قبلها تنبيهاً على استقلالها بالتعليل .والإسماع : إبلاغ الكلام إلى المسامع .و { الموتى } و { الصم } : مستعاران للقوم الذين لا يقبلون القول الحق ويكابرون من يقوله لهم . شبهوا بالموتى على طريقة الاستعارة في انتفاء فهمهم معاني القرآن ، وشبهوا بالصم كذلك في انتفاء أثر بلاغة ألفاظه عن نفوسهم . وللقرآن أثران :أحدهما : ما يشتمل عليه من المعاني المقبولة لدى أهل العقول السليمة وهي المعاني التي يدركها ويسلم لها من تبلغ إليه ولو بطريق الترجمة بحيث يستوي في إدراكها العربي والعجمي وهذا أثر عقلي .والأثر الثاني : دلالة نظمه وبلاغته على أنه خارج عن مقدرة بلغاء العرب . وهذا أثر لفظي وهو دليل الإعجاز وهو خاص بالعرب مباشرة ، وحاصل لغيرهم من أهل النظر والتأمل إذا تدبروا في عجز البلغاء من أهل اللسان الذي جاء به القرآن ، فهؤلاء يوقنون بأن عجز بلغاء أهل ذلك اللسان عن معارضته دال على أنه فوق مقدرتهم؛ فالمشركون شبهوا بالموتى بالنظر إلى الأثر الأول ، وشبهوا بالصم بالنظر إلى الأثر الثاني ، فحصلت استعارتان . ونفي الإسماع فيهما ترشيحان للاستعارتين وهما مستعاران لانتفاء معالجة إبلاغهم .ولأجل اعتبار كلا الأثرين المبنيّ عليه ورود تشبيهين كرر ذكر الترشيحين فعطف { ولا تسمع الصم } على { لا تسمع الموتى } ، ولم يكتف بأن يقال : إنك لا تسمع الموتى ولا الصم .وتقييد الصم بزمان توليهم مدبرين لأن تلك الحالة أوغل في انتفاء إسماعهم لأن الأصم إذا كان مواجهاً للمتكلم قد يسمع بعض الكلام بالصراخ ويستفيد بقيته بحركة الشفتين ، فأما إذا ولى مدبراً فقد ابتعد عن الصوت ولم يلاحظ حركة الشفتين فذلك أبعد له عن السمع .واستدلت عائشة رضي الله عنها بهذه الآية على رد ظاهر حديث ابن عمر : «أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقف على قليب بدر وفيه قتلى المشركين فناداهم بأسمائهم وقال : هل وجدتم ما وعد ربكم حقاً ، قال ابن عمر : فقيل له : يا رسول الله أتنادي أمواتنا فقال : إنهم الآن يسمعون ما أقول لهم» . فقالت عائشة : إنما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إنهم الآن ليعلمون أن الذي كنت أقول لهم هو الحق ثم قرأت { إنك لا تسمع الموتى } حتى قرأت الآية .وهذا من الاستدلال بظاهر الدلالة من القرآن ولو باحتمال مرجوح كما بيناه في المقدمة التاسعة . وإلا فإن الموتى هنا استعارة وليس بحقيقة .وضميرا { ولوا مدبرين } عائدان إلى الصم ، وهو تتميم للتشبيه حيث شبهوا في عدم بلوغ الأقوال إلى عقولهم بصم ولوا مدبرين ، فإن المدبر يبعد عن مكان من يكلمه فكان أبعد عن الاستماع كما تقدم آنفاً .
{ إِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ } أي: حين تدعوهم وتناديهم، وخصوصا { إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ } فإنه يكون أبلغ في عدم إسماعهم.
إنك لا تسمع الموتى يعني الكفار لتركهم التدبر ; فهم كالموتى لا حس لهم ولا عقل . وقيل : هذا فيمن علم أنه لا يؤمن . ولا تسمع الصم الدعاء إذا ولوا مدبرين يعني الكفار الذين هم بمنزلة الصم عن قبول المواعظ ; فإذا دعوا إلى الخير أعرضوا وولوا كأنهم لا يسمعون ; نظيره : صم بكم عمي كما تقدم . وقرأ ابن محيصن وحميد وابن كثير وابن أبي إسحاق وعباس عن أبي عمرو : ( ولا يسمع ) بفتح الياء والميم ( الصم ) رفعا على الفاعل . الباقون ( تسمع ) مضارع ( أسمعت ) الصم نصبا .
The human being is a creature who has been blessed with the ability to see, hear and think. If these capacities are utilised in an open-minded way, realities may be seen and recognised with the utmost clarity. But, if a man is wrongly conditioned, truth may come before him unveiled, but he will remain unaware of it, as if he were blind and deaf. The fact is that, in this world, one can be guided to the right path, only if one wants to be guided. For one who has no burning desire to find the right path, no guidance of any kind will be of any avail. In order to become a seeker of Truth, the qualities most needed in a man are those of acceptance. In this world, only that man receives guidance who possesses the quality of readily accepting that which is well established by arguments and following that whole heartedly. Those who do not answer God’s call have finally to bow down before God’s verdict, but bowing down when the time for testing is over will be of no avail to anybody.
Commentary
It was the demand of love and affection the Holy Prophet ﷺ had for all human beings that he should save them all from the fire of jahannam by making them accept the message of Allah. It used to hurt him a lot if someone did not accept it. He used to feel as if someone's children were proceeding toward the fire by not heeding to the advice of his parents. Therefore, Qur'an has adopted different expressions to console him at many places. One such advice was contained in the sentence وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا تَكُن فِي ضَيْقٍ مِّمَّا يَمْكُرُونَ (And do not grieve for them, and do not be straitened because of what they plan - 27:70) which has appeared in the earlier verse. In the above verse he has been consoled in a slightly different manner, that his job was only to convey the message of truth, which he had done admirably. If someone had not accepted this, it was not his fault or deficiency. So, he need not worry and be despondent. Rather it is their own fault that they have lost their sense of direction. Qur'an has described the loss of their sense of direction by presenting three examples. First, that they were like dead bodies in the matter of acceptance of truth, and thus cannot take any one's advice to their advantage. Second, that they were like the deaf man who does not wish to hear anything, rather they turn their back and go away if someone tries to give them any advice. Third, that they were like the blind that cannot see even if someone tries to show them the path. After providing these three examples it is said:
(Lo! thou canst not) O Muhammad (make the dead) of hearts; and it is said: those who are like the dead, (to hear, nor canst thou make the deaf) those whose hearts are dead; it is also said that this means: those who pretend to be deaf (to hear the call) your call to the Truth and guidance (when they have turned) turn away (to flee) from the Truth and guidance;
The Qur'an tells the Story of the Differences among the Children of Israel, and Allah judges between Them
Allah tells us about His Book and the guidance, proof and criterion between right and wrong that it contains. He tells us about the Children of Israel, who were the bearers of the Tawrah and Injil.
أَكْثَرَ الَّذِى هُمْ فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
(most of that in which they differ.) such as their different opinions about `Isa. The Jews lied about him while the Christians exaggerated in praise for him, so the Qur'an came with the moderate word of truth and justice: that he was one of the servants of Allah, and one of His noble Prophets and Messengers, may the best of peace and blessings be upon him, as the Qur'an says:
ذلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِى فِيهِ يَمْتُرُونَ
(Such is `Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a statement of truth, about which they doubt) (19:34).
وَإِنَّهُ لَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلْمُؤمِنِينَ
(And truly, it is a guide and a mercy for the believers.) meaning, it is guidance for the hearts of those who believe in it, and a mercy to them. Then Allah says:
إِن رَبَّكَ يَقْضِى بَيْنَهُم
(Verily, your Lord will decide between them) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection,
بِحُكْمِهِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ
(by His judgement. And He is the All-Mighty,) means, in His vengeance,
الْعَلِيمُ
(the All-Knowing.) Who knows all that His servants do and say.
The Command to put One's Trust in Allah and to convey the Message
فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ
(So, put your trust in Allah;) in all your affairs, and convey the Message of your Lord.
إِنَّكَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ الْمُبِينِ
(surely, you are on manifest truth.) meaning, you are following manifest truth, even though you are opposed by those who oppose you because they are doomed. The Word of your Lord has been justified against them, so that they will not believe even if all the signs are brought to them. Allah says:
إِنَّكَ لاَ تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى
(Verily, you cannot make the dead to hear) meaning, you cannot cause them to hear anything that will benefit them. The same applies to those over whose hearts is a veil and in whose ears is deafness of disbelief. Allah says:
وَلاَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَآءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْاْ مُدْبِرِينَ
وَمَآ أَنتَ بِهَادِى الْعُمْىِ عَن ضَلَـلَتِهِمْ إِن تُسْمِعُ إِلاَّ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِـئَايَـتِنَا فَهُم مُّسْلِمُونَ-
(nor can you make the deaf to hear the call, when they flee, turning their backs. Nor can you lead the blind out of their error. You can only make to hear those who believe in Our Ayat, so they submit (became Muslims).) meaning, those who have hearing and insight will respond to you, those whose hearing and sight are of benefit to their hearts and who are humble towards Allah and to the Message that comes to them through the mouths of the Messengers, may peace be upon them.
Indeed you cannot make the dead hear nor can you make the deaf hear the call when al-du‘ā’a idhā read by pronouncing both hamzas or by not pronouncing the second one eliding it with the yā’ they have turned their backs upon you;
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear. In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge. The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy. Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines. Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, “We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.” Disown everything in the realm of being- be that Heart-taker's “companion of the cave.” The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures. Her love came to me before I knew love- it came across an empty heart and took possession.
Surely thou wilt not make the dead to hear.In reality, life is three things, and any heart that is empty of these three things is in fact carrion and counted as dead: the life of fear along with knowledge, the life of hope along with knowledge, and the life of friendship along with knowledge.The life of fear keeps a man's skirt pure of defilement, his eyes awake, and his road straight. The life of hope keeps a man's steed quick, his traveling supplies complete, and the road near. The life of friendship makes a man's measure great, his secret core free, and his heart happy.Fear without knowledge is the fear of the Khawarij, hope without knowledge is the hope of the Murji'ah, and friendship without knowledge is the friendship of the libertines.Anyone who combines these three traits with knowledge will reach a pure life and be released from death. The Lord of the Worlds says, �We shall surely give him to live a goodly life [16:97]. I will make them live a pure life, disowned of self and free of the whole world.�Disown everything in the realm of being-be that Heart-taker's �companion of the cave.�The chevaliers are those to whom He gave access to face-to-face vision, and they made do with that. When the veil was lifted, they turned away from all creation. They took back the skirt of at- tachments from the hands of the creatures.Her love came to me before I knew love-it came across an empty heart and took possession.
إنك -أيها الرسول- لا تقدر أن تُسمع الحق مَن طبع الله على قلبه فأماته، ولا تُسمع دعوتك مَن أصمَّ الله سمعه عن سماع الحق عند إدبارهم معرضين عنك، فإن الأصم لا يسمع الدعاء إذا كان مقبلا، فكيف إذا كان معرضًا عنه موليًا مدبرًا؟
أي لا تسمعهم شيئا ينفعهم فكذلك هؤلاء على قلوبهم غشاوة وفي آذانهم وقر الكفر.
وقوله - تعالى - : ( إِنَّكَ لاَ تُسْمِعُ الموتى وَلاَ تُسْمِعُ الصم الدعآء إِذَا وَلَّوْاْ مُدْبِرِينَ . . ) تعليل آخر لوجول التوكل على الله - تعالى - .وقد شبه - سحبانه - أولئك المشركين ، بالأموات الذين فقدوا الحياة ، وبالصم الذين فقدوا السمع ، وبالعمى الذين فقدوا البصر ، وذلك لأنهم لم ينتفعوا بهذه الحواس ، فصاروا كالفاقدين لها .أى : دم - أيها الرسو الكريم - على توكلك على الله - تعالى - وحده ، وإنك لا تستطيع أن تسمع هؤلاء المشركين . ما يردهم عن شركهم ، لأنهم كالموتى الذين لا حس لهم ولا عقل ، ولأنهم كالصم الذين فقدوا نعمة السمع .وقوله : ( إِذَا وَلَّوْاْ مُدْبِرِينَ ) لتتميم التشبيه . وتأكيد نفى السماع . أى : إذا أعرضوا عن الحق إعراضا تاما ، وأدبروا عن الاستماع إليك .قال الجمل : فإن قلت : ما معنى قوله ( مُدْبِرِينَ ) والأصم لا يسمع سواء أقبل أو أدبر؟قلت : هو تأكيد ومبالغة للأصم . وقيل : إن الأصم إذا كان حاضرا قد يسمع رفع الصوت ، أو يفهم بالإشارة ، فإذا ولى لم يسمع ولم يفهم .ومعنى الآية : إنهم لفرط إعراضهم عما يدعون إليه كالميت ، الذى لا سبيل إلى إسماعه ، وكالأصم الذى با يسمع ولا يفهم .
وقوله: (إِنَّكَ لا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى ) يقول: إنك يا محمد لا تقدر أن تُفِهم الحقّ من طبع الله على قلبه فأماته, لأن الله قد ختم عليه أن لا يفهمه (وَلا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ ) يقول: ولا تقدر أن تسمع ذلك من أصمّ الله عن سماعه سمعه (إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ ) يقول: إذا هم أدبروا معرضين عنه, لا يسمعون له لغلبة دين الكفر على قلوبهم, ولا يُصغون للحقّ, ولا يتدبرونه, ولا ينصتون لقائله, ولكنهم يعرضون عنه, وينكرون القول به, والاستماع له.
( إنك لا تسمع الموتى ) يعني الكفار ، ( ولا تسمع الصم الدعاء ) قرأ ابن كثير : " لا يسمع " بالياء وفتحها وفتح الميم " الصم " رفع ، وكذلك في سورة الروم ، وقرأ الباقون بالتاء وضمها وكسر الميم ، " الصم " نصب . ( إذا ولوا مدبرين ) معرضين . فإن قيل ما معنى قوله : ( ولوا مدبرين ) وإذا كانوا صما لا يسمعون سواء ولوا أو لم يولوا ؟ . قيل ذكره : على سبيل التأكيد والمبالغة . وقيل : الأصم إذا كان حاضرا فقد يسمع برفع الصوت ويفهم بالإشارة ، فإذا ولى لم يسمع ولم يفهم . قال قتادة : الأصم إذا ولى مدبرا ثم ناديته لم يسمع ، كذلك الكافر لا يسمع ما يدعى إليه من الإيمان . ومعنى الآية : أنهم لفرط إعراضهم عما يدعون إليه كالميت الذي لا سبيل إلى إسماعه ، والأصم الذي لا يسمع .
إِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ (80)استئناف بياني جواباً عما يخطر في بال السامع عقب قوله { إنك على الحق المبين } [ النمل : 79 ] من التساؤل عن إعراض أهل الشرك لما عليه الرسول من الحق المبين . وهو أيضاً تعليل آخر للأمر بالتوكل على الله بالنظر إلى مدلوله الكنائي ، فموقع حرف التوكيد فيه كموقعه في التعليل بالجملة التي قبله . وهذا عذر للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وتسلية له ، ولكونه تعليلاً لجانب من التركيب وهو الجانب الكنائي غير الذي علل بجملة { إنك على الحق المبين } [ النمل : 79 ] لم تعطف هذه الجملة على التي قبلها تنبيهاً على استقلالها بالتعليل .والإسماع : إبلاغ الكلام إلى المسامع .و { الموتى } و { الصم } : مستعاران للقوم الذين لا يقبلون القول الحق ويكابرون من يقوله لهم . شبهوا بالموتى على طريقة الاستعارة في انتفاء فهمهم معاني القرآن ، وشبهوا بالصم كذلك في انتفاء أثر بلاغة ألفاظه عن نفوسهم . وللقرآن أثران :أحدهما : ما يشتمل عليه من المعاني المقبولة لدى أهل العقول السليمة وهي المعاني التي يدركها ويسلم لها من تبلغ إليه ولو بطريق الترجمة بحيث يستوي في إدراكها العربي والعجمي وهذا أثر عقلي .والأثر الثاني : دلالة نظمه وبلاغته على أنه خارج عن مقدرة بلغاء العرب . وهذا أثر لفظي وهو دليل الإعجاز وهو خاص بالعرب مباشرة ، وحاصل لغيرهم من أهل النظر والتأمل إذا تدبروا في عجز البلغاء من أهل اللسان الذي جاء به القرآن ، فهؤلاء يوقنون بأن عجز بلغاء أهل ذلك اللسان عن معارضته دال على أنه فوق مقدرتهم؛ فالمشركون شبهوا بالموتى بالنظر إلى الأثر الأول ، وشبهوا بالصم بالنظر إلى الأثر الثاني ، فحصلت استعارتان . ونفي الإسماع فيهما ترشيحان للاستعارتين وهما مستعاران لانتفاء معالجة إبلاغهم .ولأجل اعتبار كلا الأثرين المبنيّ عليه ورود تشبيهين كرر ذكر الترشيحين فعطف { ولا تسمع الصم } على { لا تسمع الموتى } ، ولم يكتف بأن يقال : إنك لا تسمع الموتى ولا الصم .وتقييد الصم بزمان توليهم مدبرين لأن تلك الحالة أوغل في انتفاء إسماعهم لأن الأصم إذا كان مواجهاً للمتكلم قد يسمع بعض الكلام بالصراخ ويستفيد بقيته بحركة الشفتين ، فأما إذا ولى مدبراً فقد ابتعد عن الصوت ولم يلاحظ حركة الشفتين فذلك أبعد له عن السمع .واستدلت عائشة رضي الله عنها بهذه الآية على رد ظاهر حديث ابن عمر : «أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقف على قليب بدر وفيه قتلى المشركين فناداهم بأسمائهم وقال : هل وجدتم ما وعد ربكم حقاً ، قال ابن عمر : فقيل له : يا رسول الله أتنادي أمواتنا فقال : إنهم الآن يسمعون ما أقول لهم» . فقالت عائشة : إنما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إنهم الآن ليعلمون أن الذي كنت أقول لهم هو الحق ثم قرأت { إنك لا تسمع الموتى } حتى قرأت الآية .وهذا من الاستدلال بظاهر الدلالة من القرآن ولو باحتمال مرجوح كما بيناه في المقدمة التاسعة . وإلا فإن الموتى هنا استعارة وليس بحقيقة .وضميرا { ولوا مدبرين } عائدان إلى الصم ، وهو تتميم للتشبيه حيث شبهوا في عدم بلوغ الأقوال إلى عقولهم بصم ولوا مدبرين ، فإن المدبر يبعد عن مكان من يكلمه فكان أبعد عن الاستماع كما تقدم آنفاً .
{ إِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ } أي: حين تدعوهم وتناديهم، وخصوصا { إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ } فإنه يكون أبلغ في عدم إسماعهم.
إنك لا تسمع الموتى يعني الكفار لتركهم التدبر ; فهم كالموتى لا حس لهم ولا عقل . وقيل : هذا فيمن علم أنه لا يؤمن . ولا تسمع الصم الدعاء إذا ولوا مدبرين يعني الكفار الذين هم بمنزلة الصم عن قبول المواعظ ; فإذا دعوا إلى الخير أعرضوا وولوا كأنهم لا يسمعون ; نظيره : صم بكم عمي كما تقدم . وقرأ ابن محيصن وحميد وابن كثير وابن أبي إسحاق وعباس عن أبي عمرو : ( ولا يسمع ) بفتح الياء والميم ( الصم ) رفعا على الفاعل . الباقون ( تسمع ) مضارع ( أسمعت ) الصم نصبا .
The human being is a creature who has been blessed with the ability to see, hear and think. If these capacities are utilised in an open-minded way, realities may be seen and recognised with the utmost clarity. But, if a man is wrongly conditioned, truth may come before him unveiled, but he will remain unaware of it, as if he were blind and deaf. The fact is that, in this world, one can be guided to the right path, only if one wants to be guided. For one who has no burning desire to find the right path, no guidance of any kind will be of any avail. In order to become a seeker of Truth, the qualities most needed in a man are those of acceptance. In this world, only that man receives guidance who possesses the quality of readily accepting that which is well established by arguments and following that whole heartedly. Those who do not answer God’s call have finally to bow down before God’s verdict, but bowing down when the time for testing is over will be of no avail to anybody.
Commentary
It was the demand of love and affection the Holy Prophet ﷺ had for all human beings that he should save them all from the fire of jahannam by making them accept the message of Allah. It used to hurt him a lot if someone did not accept it. He used to feel as if someone's children were proceeding toward the fire by not heeding to the advice of his parents. Therefore, Qur'an has adopted different expressions to console him at many places. One such advice was contained in the sentence وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا تَكُن فِي ضَيْقٍ مِّمَّا يَمْكُرُونَ (And do not grieve for them, and do not be straitened because of what they plan - 27:70) which has appeared in the earlier verse. In the above verse he has been consoled in a slightly different manner, that his job was only to convey the message of truth, which he had done admirably. If someone had not accepted this, it was not his fault or deficiency. So, he need not worry and be despondent. Rather it is their own fault that they have lost their sense of direction. Qur'an has described the loss of their sense of direction by presenting three examples. First, that they were like dead bodies in the matter of acceptance of truth, and thus cannot take any one's advice to their advantage. Second, that they were like the deaf man who does not wish to hear anything, rather they turn their back and go away if someone tries to give them any advice. Third, that they were like the blind that cannot see even if someone tries to show them the path. After providing these three examples it is said:
(Lo! thou canst not) O Muhammad (make the dead) of hearts; and it is said: those who are like the dead, (to hear, nor canst thou make the deaf) those whose hearts are dead; it is also said that this means: those who pretend to be deaf (to hear the call) your call to the Truth and guidance (when they have turned) turn away (to flee) from the Truth and guidance;