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رَبُّ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقَیۡنِ وَرَبُّ ٱلۡمَغۡرِبَیۡنِ ۝١٧
rabbu l-mashriqayni warabbu l-maghribayn
The Beneficent, The Mercy Giving, The Merciful / ar-Rahman (55:17)
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Abdel Haleem

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He is Lord of the two risings and Lord of the two settings
rabbu l-mashriqayni warabbu l-maghribayn

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Tafsir Commentary

Lord of the two Easts the points of the winter sunrise and the summer sunrise and Lord of the two Wests likewise the two points of sunset.
هو سبحانه وتعالى ربُّ مشرقَي الشمس في الشتاء والصيف، ورب مغربَيها فيهما، فالجميع تحت تدبيره وربوبيته.
يعني مشرقي الصيف والشتاء ومغربي الصيف والشتاء وقال في الآية الأخرى "فلا أقسم برب المشارق والمغارب" وذلك باختلاف مطالع الشمس وتنقلها في كل يوم وبروزها منه إلى الناس وقال في الآية الأخرى "رب المشرق والمغرب لا إله إلا هو فاتخذ وكيلا" وهذا المراد منه جنس المشارق والمغارب ولما كان في اختلاف هذه المشارق والمغارب مصالح للخلق من الجن والإنس.
وبعد أن أمر بشكر هذه النعم ، أتبع ذلك ببيان مظهر آخر من مظاهر قدرته ، فقال : ( رَبُّ المشرقين وَرَبُّ المغربين فَبِأَيِّ آلاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ) .أى : هو - سبحانه - رب مشرق الشمس فى الشتاء والصيف ، ورب مغربها فيهما ، وفى هذا التدبير المحكم منافع عظمى للإنسان والحيوان والنبات .ولا تعارض بين هذه الآية ، وبين قوله - تعالى - فى آية أخرى : ( رَّبُّ المشرق والمغرب . . ) لأن المراد بهما جنسهما ، فهما صادقان على كل مشرق من مشارق الشمس التى هى ثلاثمائة وستون مشرقا ، وعلى كل مغرب من مغاربها التى هى كذلك .أو بين قوله - تعالى - فى آية ثالثة : ( رَّبُّ السماوات والأرض وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَرَبُّ المشارق ) أى : ورب جميع المشارق التى تشرق منها الشمس فى كل يوم على مدار العام إذ لها فى كل يوم مشرق معين تشرق منه ، ولها فى كل يوم أيضا - مغرب تغرب فيه .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ (17)يقول تعالى ذكره: ذلكم أيها الثقلان ( رَبُّ المَشْرقَينِ )، يعني بالمشرقين: مشرق الشمس في الشتاء، ومشرقها في الصيف.وقوله: ( وَرَبُّ المَغْرِبَينِ ) يعني: وربّ مغرب الشمس في الشتاء، ومغربها في الصيف.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن حُميد، قال: ثنا يعقوب القمي، عن جعفر، عن ابن أبزى، قوله: ( رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ ) قال: مشارق الصيف ومغارب الصيف، مشرقان تجري فيهما الشمس ستون وثلاث مئة في ستين وثلاث مئة بُرْج، لكلّ برج مطلع، لا تطلع يومين من مكان واحد. وفي المغرب ستون وثلاث مئة برج، لكل برج مغيب، لا تغيب يومين في برج.حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ ) قال: مشرق الشتاء ومغربه، ومشرق الصيف ومغربه.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ ) فمشرقها في الشتاء، ومشرقها في الصيف.حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا محمد بن مروان، قال: ثنا أبو العوّام، عن قتادة قوله: ( رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ ) قال: مشرق الشتاء ومغربه، ومشرق الصيف ومغربه.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال: ابن زيد، في قوله: ( رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ ) قال: أقصر مشرق في السنة، وأطول مشرق في السنة، وأقصر مغرب في السنة، وأطول مغرب في السنة.
" رب المشرقين "، مشرق الصيف ومشرق الشتاء. " ورب المغربين "، مغرب الصيف ومغرب الشتاء.
رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ (17(استنئاف ابتدائي فيه بيان لجملة { الشمس والقمر بحسبان } [ الرحمن : 5 ] وعطف { ورب المغربين } لأجل ما ذكرته آنفاً من مراعاة المزاوجة .وحذف المسند إليه على الطريقة التي سماها السكاكي باتباع الاستعمال الوارد على تركه أو ترك نظائره وتقدم غير مرة .والمشرق : جهة شروق الشمس ، والمغرب : جهة غروبها . وتثنية المشرقين والمغربين باعتبار أن الشمس تطلع في فصلي الشتاء والربيع من سمت وفي فصلي الصيف والخريف من سمت آخر وبمراعاة وقت الطول ووقت القصر وكذلك غروبها وهي فيما بين هذين المشرقين والمغربين ينتقل طلوعها وغروبها في درجات متقاربة فقد يعتبر ذلك فيقال : المشارق والمغارب كما في قوله تعالى : { فلا أقسم برب المشارق والمغارب إنّا لقادرون } في سورة المعارج ( 40 ( .ومن زعم أن تثنية المشرقين لمراعاة مشرق الشمس والقمر وكذلك تثنية المغربين لم يغص على معنى كبير .وعلى ما فسّر به الجمهور المشرقين } و { المغربين } بمشرقي الشمس ومغربيها فالمراد ب { المشرقين } النصف الشرقي من الأرض ، وب { المغربين } النصف الغربي منها .وربوبية الله تعالى للمشرقين والمغربين بمعنى الخلق والتصرف .
أي: هو تعالى رب كل ما أشرقت عليه الشمس والقمر، والكواكب النيرة، وكل ما غربت عليه، [وكل ما كانا فيه] فهي تحت تدبيره وربوبيته، وثناهما هنا لإرادة العموم مشرقي الشمس شتاء وصيفا، ومغربها كذلك
قوله تعالى : رب المشرقين ورب المغربين أي هو رب المشرقين . وفي ( الصافات ) ورب المشارق وقد مضى الكلام في ذلك هنالك .
A large part of this universe is filled with stars which consist entirely of fire. Jinn are also made of this fire. But human beings have been given special treatment by God in that they have been made of earth, or clay, which is an extremely rare thing in this extensive universe. In the whole universe the earth is a unique exception. Here, all the factors that are conducive to the existence, survival and cultural development of man have been provided in the most appropriate proportions and in the most balanced manner. One of these arrangements is the system of ‘two easts’ and ‘two wests’ on the earth. In winter, the places on the horizon where the sun rises and sets are different from those in summer. In this way, there is a range of ‘easts’ and ‘wests.’ This seasonal difference occurs due to the axial tilt of the earth in space. This tilt is a most unique feature, and man receives many natural advantages on account of this. The exceptional treatment of man and the earth in this universe is such a great manifestation of God’s grace and bounty that man is in no way capable of thanking his Creator sufficiently.
Allah is the Lord of the Two Points of Sunrise and the Two Points of Sunset رَ‌بُّ الْمَشْرِ‌قَيْنِ وَرَ‌بُّ الْمَغْرِ‌بَيْنِ (He is the Lord of both points of sunrise and both points of sunset...55:17) The sun rises at different cardinal points in the east in winter and in summer: Thus we have the two easts [ mashriqain ]. Similarly, the sun sets at different cardinal points in the west in winter and summer: Thus we have two wests [ maghribain ].
(Lord of the two Easts) the East of winter and the East of summer, (and Lord of the two Wests) the West of winter and the West of summer! There are two Easts and two Wests. The East of winter and the East of summer have 180 phases just as the two Wests and the moon have 180 phases. It is also said that the Easts of summer and winter have 177 phases and the Wests of summer and winter as well as the moon have 177 phases. The sun rises throughout the year two days in the same phase and it also sets two days in the same phase.
He is Lord of the two risings and Lord of the two settings.He said:Its inner meaning refers to the rising of the heart and its setting, the rising of the tongue and its setting, and the rising of the profession of His oneness, [whose] setting is the witnessing (mushāhada) of Him. And He also says, [I swear] by the Lord of the risings and the settings [70:40], meaning the risings of the bodily members through sincerity (ikhlāṣ), and their settingsthrough subservience to people (ṭāʿa li�l-nās) inwardly and outwardly.His words, Exalted is He:
The Creation of Humans and Jinns Allah mentions that He created mankind from clay, like that used in pottery, and created the Jinns from the tip of the flame of a smokeless fire. This was said by Ad-Dahhak from Ibn `Abbas. It was also said by `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "From the best part of the fire, from its smokeless flame." Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «خُلِقَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ نُورٍ، وَخُلِقَ الْجَانُّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ، وَخُلِقَ آدَمُ مِمَّا وُصِفَ لَكُم» (The angels were created from light, the Jinns from a smokeless flame of fire, and `Adam from what was described to you.) Muslim also collected this Hadith. Allah's statement: فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ (Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) was explained above. Allah is the Lord of the Two Easts and the Two Wests Allah said, رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ ((He is) the Lord of the two easts and the Lord of the two wests.) meaning the sunrise of summer and winter and the sunset of summer and winter. Allah said in another Ayah, فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِرَبِّ الْمَشَـرِقِ وَالْمَغَـرِبِ (So, I swear by the Lord of all the points of sunrise and sunset in the east and the west.)(70:40), referring to the different places from which the sun rises and then sets on people every day. Allah said in another Ayah, رَّبُّ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ فَاتَّخِذْهُ وَكِيلاً (The Lord of the east and the west; none has the right to be worshipped but He. So take Him alone as a trustee.)(73:9), referring to the different places of sunrise and sunset and the benefits that this variation brings to the created, mankind and Jinns, فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ (Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) Allah created Different Types of Water Allah said, مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ (He has Maraja the two seas), or let them loose, according to Ibn `Abbas. Allah's statement, يَلْتَقِيَانِ (meeting together.) Ibn Zayd said, "He prevents them from meeting by the dividing barrier He placed between them to separate them." The two seas are the fresh and salty waters, the former coming from running rivers. We discussed this topic in Surat Al-Furqan when explaining Allah's statement; وَهُوَ الَّذِى مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخاً وَحِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً (And it is He Who has let free the two seas: one palatable and sweet, and the other salty and bitter; and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them.)(25:53) Allah said, بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لاَّ يَبْغِيَانِ (Between them is a barrier which none of them can transgress.) meaning, He has placed a barrier of land between these two types of waters, so that they do not transgress upon each other, which would spoil the characteristics they were created with. Allah said, يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا الُّلؤْلُؤُ وَالمَرْجَانُ (Out of them both come out pearls and Al-Marjan. ) pearls are well-known. As for Marjan they say it means small pearls. Mujahid, Qatadah, Abu Ruzayn, Ad-Dahhak said it, and it has also been reported from `Ali. It was also said that it means large, precious pearls, this was mentioned by Ibn Jarir from some of the Salaf. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Ibn `Abbas who said, "When it rains, the oysters in the sea open their mouths. What falls in them, the drops, turns into pearls." Its chain of narrators is Sahih. Since this type of adornment is a favor from Allah to the people of earth, He reminded them of it, فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ (Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) Allah said, وَلَهُ الْجَوَارِ الْمُنشَئَاتُ (And His are Al-Jawar Al-Munsha'at), meaning the ships that float, فِى الْبَحْرِ (in the seas), Mujahid said, "Whatever ship hoists a sail, it is from Munsha'at, if it does not hoist a sail, it is not from the Munsha'at." Qatadah said, "Al-Munsha'at means created." Others said that it is Al-Munshi'at meaning, "launched." كَالاٌّعْلَـمِ (like A`lam.) This means, they are like mountains with their great size, and it also refers to the trade and commercial services they make possible, transporting cargo from one area to another and from one province to another. Ships provide various benefits for people, including transporting different types of goods they need. Therefore, فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ (Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ - وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلْـلِ وَالإِكْرَامِ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ