The universality of the Prophet's Message, how He was supported in His Mission and Allah's Blessings to Mankind
Allah says:
وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَبَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ نَّذِيراً
(And had We willed, We would have raised a warner in every town.) `Calling them to Allah, but We have singled you out, O Muhammad, to be sent to all the people of earth, and We have commanded you to convey the Qur'an,'
لاٌّنذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ
(that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19).
وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ
(but those of the sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place) (11:17).
لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا
(that you may warn the Mother of the Towns and all around it) (42:7).
قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا
(Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah...") (7:158). In the Two Sahihs (it is reported that the Prophet said:)
«بُعِثْتُ إِلَى الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَد»
(I have been sent to the red and the black. ) And:
«وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّة»
(...A Prophet would be sent to his own people, but I have been sent to all of mankind.) Allah says:
فَلاَ تُطِعِ الْكَـفِرِينَ وَجَـهِدْهُمْ بِهِ
(So obey not the disbelievers, but strive hard against them with it.) meaning, with the Qur'an. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas.
جِهَاداً كَبيراً
(with the utmost endeavour.) This is like the Ayah,
يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ جَـهِدِ الْكُفَّـرَ وَالْمُنَـفِقِينَ
(O Prophet! Strive hard against the disbelievers and the hypocrites,) (9:73)
وَهُوَ الَّذِى مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ
(And it is He Who has let free the two seas, this is palatable and sweet, and that is salty and bitter;) means, He has created the two kinds of water, sweet and salty. The sweet water is like that in rivers, springs and wells, which is fresh, sweet, palatable water. This was the view of Ibn Jurayj and of Ibn Jarir, and this is the meaning without a doubt, for nowhere in creation is there a sea which is fresh and sweet. Allah has told us about reality so that His servants may realize His blessings to them and give thanks to Him. The sweet water is that which flows amidst people. Allah has portioned it out among His creatures according to their needs; rivers and springs in every land, according to what they need for themselves and their lands.
وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ
(and that is salty and bitter;) meaning that it is salty, bitter and not easy to swallow. This is like the seas that are known in the east and the west, the Atlantic Ocean and the Straits that lead to it, the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the China Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and so on, all the seas that are stable and do not flow, but they swell and surge in the winter and when the winds are strong, and they have tides that ebb and flow. At the beginning of each month the tides ebb and flood, and when the month starts to wane they retreat until they go back to where they started. When the crescent of the following month appears, the tide begins to ebb again until the fourteenth of the month, then it decreases. Allah, may He be glorified, the One Whose power is absolute, has set these laws in motion, so all of these seas are stationary, and He has made their water salty lest the air turn putrid because of them and the whole earth turn rotten as a result, and lest the earth spoil because of the animals dying on it. Because its water is salty, its air is healthy and its dead are good (to eat), hence when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked whether sea water can be used for Wudu', he said:
«هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُه»
(Its water is pure and its dead are lawful.) This was recorded by Malik, Ash-Shafi`i and Ahmad, and by the scholars of Sunan with a good Jayyid chain of narration.
وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخاً وَحِجْراً
(and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them. ) meaning, between the sweet water and the saltwater.
بَرْزَخاً
(a barrier) means a partition, which is dry land.
وَحِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً
(and a complete partition) means, a barrier, to prevent one of them from reaching the other. This is like the Ayat:
مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ - بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لاَّ يَبْغِيَانِ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
(He has let loose the two seas meeting together. Between them is a barrier which none of them can transgress. Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (55:19-21)
أَمَّن جَعَلَ الاٌّرْضَ قَرَاراً وَجَعَلَ خِلاَلَهَآ أَنْهَاراً وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِىَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزاً أَءِلـهٌ مَّعَ اللهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ
(Is not He Who has made the earth as a fixed abode, and has placed rivers in its midst, and placed firm mountains therein, and set a barrier between the two seas Is there any god with Allah Nay, but most of them know not!) (27:61)
وَهُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ مِنَ الْمَآءِ بَشَراً
(And it is He Who has created man from water,) means, He created man from a weak Nutfah, then gave him shape and formed him, and completed his form, male and female, as He willed.
فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَباً وَصِهْراً
(and has appointed for him kindred by blood, and kindred by marriage.) in the beginning, he is someone's child, then he gets married and becomes a son-in-law, then he himself has sons-in-law and other relatives through marriage. All of this comes from a despised liquid, Allah says:
وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ قَدِيراً
(And your Lord is Ever All-Powerful to do what He wills.)
And He it is Who merged the two seas letting them flow one adjacent to the other this one palatable sweet and the other saltish bitter; and He set between the two an isthmus so that the one does not mix with the other and a forbidding ban a shield that prevents the two from becoming mixed.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter.Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord.Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it.When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him.A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, �Where are you coming from?�He said, �He.�He said, �Where are you going?� He said, �He.�He said, �What is your goal?� He said, �He.�No matter what he asked, he replied �He.� This is like what someone said:�So much is your image in my eyesthat whatever I see I fancy is you.�And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude.Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
والله هو الذي خلط البحرين: العذب السائغ الشراب، والملح الشديد الملوحة، وجعل بينهما حاجزًا يمنع كل واحدٍ منهما من إفساد الآخر، ومانعًا مِن أن يصل أحدهما إلى الآخر.
وقوله تعالى "وهو الذي مرج البحرين هذا عذب فرات وهذا ملح أجاج" أي خلق الماءين الحلو والملح فالحلو كالأنهار والعيون والآبار وهذا هو البحر الحلو العذب الفرات الزلال قاله ابن جريج واختاره ابن جرير وهذا المعنى لا شك فيه فإنه ليس في الوجود بحر ساكن وهو عذب فرات; والله سبحانه وتعالى إنما أخبر بالواقع لينبه العباد على نعمه عليهم ليشكروه فالبحر العذب هو هذا السارح بن الناس فرقه الله تعالى بين خلقه لاحتياجهم إليه أنهارا وعيونا في كل أرض بحسب حاجتهم وكفايتهم لأنفسهم وأراضيهم وقوله تعالى: "وهذا ملح أجاج" أي مالح مر زعاق لا يستساغ وذلك كالبحار المعروفة في المشارق والمغارب: البحر المحيط وما يتصل به من الزقاق وبحر القلزم وبحر اليمن وبحر البصرة وبحر فارس وبحر الصين والهند وبحر الروم وبحر الخزر وما شاكلها وشابهها من البحار الساكنة التي لا تجري ولكن تموج وتضطرب وتلتطم في زمن الشتاء وشدة الرياح ومنها ما فيه مد وجزر ففي أول كل شهر يحصل منها مد وفيض فإذا شرع الشهر في النقصان جزرت حتى ترجع إلى غايتها الأولى فإذا استهل الهلال من الشهر الآخر شرعت في المد إلى الليلة الرابعة عشرة ثم تشرع في النقص فأجرى الله سبحانه وتعالى - وهو ذو القدرة التامة - العادة بذلك فكل هذه البحار الساكنة خلقها الله سبحانه وتعالى مالحة لئلا يحصل بسببها نتن الهواء فيفسد الوجود بذلك ولئلا تجوي الأرض بما يموت فيها من الحيوان ولما كان ماؤها ملحا كان هواؤها صحيحا وميتتها طيبة ولهذا قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد سئل عن ماء البحر أنتوضأ به؟ فقال: "هو الطهور ماؤه الحل ميتته" رواه الأئمة مالك والشافعي وأحمد وأهل السنن بإسناد جيد وقوله تعالى: "وجعل بينهما برزخا وحجرا" أي بين العذب والمالح "برزخا" أي حاجزا وهو اليبس من الأرض "وحجرا محجورا" أي مانعا من أن يصل أحدهما إلى الآخر كقوله "مرج البحرين يلتقيان بينهما برزخ لا يبغيان فبأي آلاء ربكما تكذبان" وقوله تعالى: "أمن جعل الأرض قرارا وجعل خلالها أنهارا وجعل لها رواسي وجعل بين البحرين حاجزا أإله مع الله بل أكثرهم لا يعلمون".
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( وَهُوَ الذي مَرَجَ البحرين هذا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وهذا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخاً وَحِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً ) بيان لمظهر آخر من مظاهر قدرته - عز وجل - .و " مرج " من المرج بمعنى الإرسال والتخلية ، ومنه قولهم . مرج فلان دابته إذا أرسلها إلى المرج وهو المكان الذى ترعى فيه الدواب ، ويصح أن يكون المرج بمعنى الخلط ، ومنه قوله - تعالى - : ( فَهُمْ في أَمْرٍ مَّرِيجٍ ) أى : مختلط . ومنه قيل للمرعى : مرج ، لاختلاط الدواب فيه بعضها ببعض .والعذب الفرات : هو الماء السائغ للشرب ، الذى يشعر الإنسان عند شربه باللذة ، وهو ماء الأنهار وسمى فراتا لأنه يَفْرُت العطش ، أى يقطعه ويكسره ويزيله .والملح الأجاج : هو الشديد الملوحة والمرارة وهو ماء البحار . سمى أجاجا من الأجيج وهو تلهب النار ، لأن شربه يزيد العطش .والبرزخ . الحاجز الذى يحجز بين الشيئين .أى : وهو - سبحانه - الذى أرسل البحرين . العذب والمالح فى مجاريهما متجاورين ، كما ترسل الدواب فى المراعى ، أو جعلهما - بقدرته - فى مجرى واحد ومع ذلك لا يختلط أحدهما بالآخر : بل جعل - سبحانه - بينهما " برزخا " أى : حاجزا عظيما ، وحجرا محجورا .أى : وجعل كل واحد منهما حراما محرما على الآخر أن يفسده .والمراد : لزوم كل واحد منهما صفته التى أوجده الله عليها ، فلا ينقلب العذب فى مكانه ملحا ، ولا الملح فى مكانه عذبا .قال - تعالى - : ( مَرَجَ البحرين يَلْتَقِيَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لاَّ يَبْغِيَانِ ) وقال - سبحانه - : ( أَمَّن جَعَلَ الأرض قَرَاراً وَجَعَلَ خِلاَلَهَآ أَنْهَاراً وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ البحرين حَاجِزاً أإله مَّعَ الله بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ ) وهذا الحاجز الذى جعله - سبحانه - بين البحرين : العذب والملح ، من أكبر الأدلة وأعظمها على قدرة الله - تعالى - ، وعلى أن لهذا الكون إلها صانعا حكيما مدبرا وأن كل شىء فى هذا الكون يسير بنظام معلوم ، وبنسق مرسوم .
يقول تعالى ذكره: والله الذي خلط البحرين, فأمرج أحدهما في الآخر, وأفاضه فيه. وأصل المرج الخلط, ثم يقال للتخلية مرج؛ لأن الرجل إذا خلى الشيء حتى اختلط بغيره, فكأنه قد مرجه، ومنه الخبر عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم, وقوله لعبد الله بن عمرو: " كَيْفَ بِكَ يا عَبْدَ اللهِ إذَا كُنْتَ في حُثَالَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ, قَدْ مَرِجَتْ عُهُودُهُمْ وأماناتُهُمْ, وصَارُوا هَكَذا وشبَّك بين أصابعه. يعني بقوله: قد مرجت: اختلطت, ومنه قول الله: فِي أَمْرٍ مَرِيجٍ أي مختلط. وإنما قيل للمرج مرج من ذلك, لأنه يكون فيه أخلاط من الدوابّ, ويقال: مَرَجْت دابتك: أي خليتها تذهب حيث شاءت. ومنه قول الراجز:رَعَى بِهَا مَرَجَ رَبيعٍ مَمْرَج (3)وبنحو ما قلنا في ذلك، قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس, قوله: ( وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ) يعني أنه خلع أحدهما على الآخر.حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قوله: ( مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ) أفاض أحدهما على الآخر.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, عن مجاهد, مثله.حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ) يقول: خلع أحدهما على الآخر.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثنا أبو تميلة, عن أبي حمزة, عن جابر, عن مجاهد ( مَرَجَ ) أفاض أحدهما على الآخر.وقوله ( هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ ) الفرات: شديد العذوبة, يقال: هذا ماء فرات: أي شديد العذوبة وقوله ( وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ) يقول: وهذا ملح مرّ، يعني بالعذب الفرات: مياه الأنهار والأمطار, وبالملح الأجاج: مياه البحار.وإنما عنى بذلك أنه من نعمته على خلقه, وعظيم سلطانه, يخلط ماء البحر العذب بماء البحر الملح الأجاج, ثم يمنع الملح من تغيير العذب عن عذوبته, وإفساده إياه بقضائه وقدرته, لئلا يضرّ إفساده إياه بركبان الملح منهما, فلا يجدوا ماء يشربونه عند حاجتهم إلى الماء, فقال جلّ ثناؤه: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) يعني حاجزا يمنع كل واحد منهما من إفساد الآخر ( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) يقول: وجعل كلّ واحد منهما حراما محرّما على صاحبه أن يغيره ويفسده.وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل ذلك, قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس, قوله: ( هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ) يعني أنه خلع أحدهما على الآخر, فليس يفسد العذب المالح, وليس يفسد المالح العذب, وقوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: البرزخ: الأرض بينهما( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) يعني: حجر أحدهما على الآخر بأمره وقضائه, وهو مثل قوله وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزًا .وحدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: محبسا، قوله: ( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) قال: لا يختلط البحر بالعذب.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: حاجزا لا يراه أحد, لا يختلط العذب في البحر. قال ابن جُرَيج: فلم أجد بحرا عذبا إلا الأنهار العذاب, فإن دجلة تقع في البحر, فأخبرني الخبير بها أنها تقع في البحر, فلا تمور فيه بينهما مثل الخيط الأبيض، فإذا رجعت لم ترجع في طريقها من البحر, والنيل يصبّ في البحر.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني أبو تميلة, عن أبي حمزة, عن جابر, عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: البرزخ أنهما يلتقيان فلا يختلطان, وقوله ( حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) : أي لا تختلط ملوحة هذا بعذوبة هذا, لا يبغي أحدهما على الآخر.حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا ابن علية, عن رجاء, عن الحسن, في قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) قال: هذا اليبس.حدثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة, في قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) قال: جعل هذا ملحا أجاجًا, قال: والأجاج: المرّ.حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول: ( مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ) يقول: خلع أحدهما على الآخر, فلا يغير أحدهما طعم الآخر ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) هو الأجل ما بين الدنيا والآخرة ( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) جعل الله بين البحرين حجرا, يقول: حاجزا حجز أحدهما عن الآخر بأمره وقضائه.حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) وجعل بينهما سترا لا يلتقيان. قال: والعرب إذا كلم أحدهم الآخر بما يكره قال حجرا, قال: سترا دون الذي تقول.قال أبو جعفر: وإنما اخترنا القول الذي اخترناه في معنى قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) دون القول الذي قاله من قال معناه: إنه جعل بينهما حاجزا من الأرض أو من اليبس, لأن الله تعالى ذكره أخبر في أوّل الآية أنه مرج البحرين, والمرج: هو الخلط في كلام العرب على ما بيَّنت قبل, فلو كان البرزخ الذي بين العذب الفرات من البحرين, والملح الأجاج أرضا أو يبسا لم يكن هناك مرج للبحرين, وقد أخبر جلّ ثناؤه أنه مرجهما, وإنما عرفنا قدرته بحجزه هذا الملح الأجاج عن إفساد هذا العذب الفرات, مع اختلاط كلّ واحد منهما بصاحبه. فأما إذا كان كلّ واحد منهما في حيز عن حيز صاحبه, فليس هناك مرج, ولا هناك من الأعجوبة ما ينبه عليه أهل الجهل به من الناس, ويذكرون به, وإن كان كلّ ما ابتدعه ربنا عجيبا, وفيه أعظم العبر والمواعظ والحجج البوالغ.-----------------------الهوامش:(3) البيت من مشطور الرجز ، للعجاج الراجز ( ديوانه طبع ليبسك سنة 1093 ص 9 ) وهو البيت الثاني والثمانون من أرجوزته التي مطلعها * مـا هـاج أحزانا وشجوا قد شجا *وضبط ناشره لفظ ممرج ، بضم الميم الأول وكسر الراء ، والصواب ما في اللسان ، ونقلناه عنه ، وهو اسم مكان من مرج الدابة يمرجها ( من باب نصر ) إذا أرسلها ترعى في المرج
( وهو الذي مرج البحرين ) خلطهما وأفاض أحدهما في الآخر ، وقيل : أرسلهما في مجاريهما وخلاهما كما يرسل الخيل في المرج ، وأصل " المرج " : الخلط والإرسال ، يقال : مرجت الدابة وأمرجتها إذا أرسلتها في المرعى وخليتها تذهب حيث تشاء ، ( هذا عذب فرات ) شديد العذوبة ، و " الفرات " : أعذب المياه ، ( وهذا ملح أجاج ) شديد الملوحة . وقيل : أجاج أي : مر ( وجعل بينهما برزخا ) أي : حاجزا بقدرته لئلا يختلط العذب بالملح ولا الملح بالعذب ، ) ( وحجرا محجورا ) أي : سترا ممنوعا فلا يبغيان ، ولا يفسد الملح العذب .
وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا (53)عود إلى الاستدلال على تفرده تعالى بالخلق . جمعت هذه الآية استدلالاً وتمثيلاً وتثبيتاً ووعداً؛ فصريحُها استدلال على شيء عظيم من آثار القدرة الإلهية وهو التقاء الأنهار والأبحر كما سيأتي ، وفي ضمنها تمثيل لحال دعوة الإسلام في مكة يومئذ واختلاط المؤمنين مع المشركين بحال تجاوز البحرين : أحدهما عذب فرات والآخر ملح أُجاج . وتمثيلُ الإيمان بالعذْب الفرات والشرك بالملْح الأُجاج ، وأن الله تعالى كما جعل بين البحرين برزخاً يحفظ العَذْب من أن يكدره الأُجاج ، كذلك حجز بين المسلمين والمشركين فلا يستطيع المشركون أن يدسّوا كفرهم بين المسلمين . وفي هذا تثبيت للمسلمين بأن الله يحجز عنهم ضر المشركين لقوله : { لن يضروكم إلا أذى } [ آل عمران : 111 ] . وفي ذلك تعريض كنائي بأن الله ناصر لهذا الدين من أن يكدره الشرك .ولأجل ما فيها من التمثيل والتثبيت والوعد كان لموقعها عَقِب جملة { فلا تطع الكافرين وجاهدهم به جهاداً كبيراً } [ الفرقان : 52 ] أكملُ حسن . وهي معطوفة على جملة { وهو الذي أرسل الرياح نشراً بين يدي رحمته } [ الفرقان : 48 ] . ومناسبة وقوعها عقب التي قبلها أن كلتيهما استدلال بآثار القدرة في تكوين المياه المختلفة . ومفاد القصر هنا نظير ما تقدم في الآيتين السابقتين .والمرج : الخلط . واستعير هنا لشدة المجاورة ، والقرينة قوله : { وجعل بينهما برزخاً وحجراً محجوراً } . والبحر : الماء المستبحر ، أي الكثير العظيم . والعذب : الحلو . والفرات : شديد الحلاوة . والمِلح بكسر الميم وصف به بمعنى المالح ، ولا يقال في الفصيح إلا مِلح وأما مَالح فقليل . وأريد هنا ملتقى ماء نهرَي الفرات والدجلة مع ماء بَحر خليج العجم .والبرزخ : الحائل بين شيئين . والمراد بالبرزخ تشبيه ما في تركيب الماء الملح مما يدفع تخلل الماء العذْب فيه بحيث لا يختلط أحدهما بالآخر ويبقى كلاهما حافظاً لطعمه عند المصبّ .و { حِجْرا } مصدر منصوب على المفعولية به لأنه معطوف على مفعول { جعل } . وليس هنا مستعملاً في التعوذ كالذي تقدم آنفاً في قوله تعالى { ويقولون حِجْراً محجوراً } [ الفرقان : 22 ] . و { محجوراً } وصف ل { حجراً } مشتق من مادته للدلالة على تمكن المعنى المشتق منه كما قالوا : ليل ألْيَل . وقد تقدم في هذه السورة . ووقع في «الكشاف» تكلف بجعل { حجراً محجوراً } هنا بمعنى التعوّذ كالذي في قوله { ويقولون حجراً محجوراً } [ الفرقان : 22 ] ولا داعي إلى ذلك لأن ما ذكروه من استعمال { حجراً محجوراً } في التعوذ لا يقتضي أنه لا يستعمل إلا كذلك .
أي: وهو وحده الذي مرج البحرين يلتقيان البحر العذب وهي الأنهار السارحة على وجه الأرض والبحر الملح وجعل منفعة كل واحد منهما مصلحة للعباد، { وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا } أي: حاجزا يحجز من اختلاط أحدهما بالآخر فتذهب المنفعة المقصودة منها { وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا } أي: حاجزا حصينا.
قوله تعالى : وهو الذي مرج البحرين هذا عذب فرات وهذا ملح أجاج وجعل بينهما برزخا وحجرا محجورا .قوله تعالى : وهو الذي مرج البحرين عاد الكلام إلى ذكر النعم . و مرج خلى وخلط وأرسل . قال مجاهد : أرسلهما وأفاض أحدهما في الآخر . قال ابن عرفة : مرج البحرين [ ص: 57 ] أي خلطهما فهما يلتقيان ; يقال : مرجته إذا خلطته . ومرج الدين والأمر اختلط واضطرب ; ومنه قوله تعالى : في أمر مريج . ومنه قوله عليه الصلاة والسلام لعبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص : إذا رأيت الناس مرجت عهودهم وخفت أماناتهم وكانوا هكذا وهكذا - وشبك بين أصابعه - فقلت له : كيف أصنع عند ذلك ، جعلني الله فداك ! قال : الزم بيتك واملك عليك لسانك وخذ بما تعرف ودع ما تنكر وعليك بخاصة أمر نفسك ودع عنك أمر العامة خرجه النسائي وأبو داود وغيرهما . وقال الأزهري : مرج البحرين خلى بينهما ; يقال مرجت الدابة إذا خليتها ترعى .وقال ثعلب : المرج الإجراء ; فقوله : مرج البحرين أي أجراهما . وقال الأخفش : يقول قوم : أمرج البحرين ، مثل مرج فعل وأفعل بمعنى . هذا عذب فرات أي حلو شديد العذوبة . وهذا ملح أجاج أي فيه ملوحة ومرارة . وروي عن طلحة أنه قرئ : وهذا ملح بفتح الميم وكسر اللام . وجعل بينهما برزخا أي حاجزا من قدرته لا يغلب أحدهما على صاحبه ، كما قال في سورة الرحمن مرج البحرين يلتقيان بينهما برزخ لا يبغيان . وحجرا محجورا أي سترا مستورا يمنع أحدهما من الاختلاط بالآخر . فالبرزخ الحاجز ، والحجر المانع . وقال الحسن : يعني بحر فارس وبحر الروم . وقال ابن عباس وابن جبير : يعني بحر السماء وبحر الأرض . قال ابن عباس : يلتقيان في كل عام وبينهما برزخ : قضاء من قضائه . وحجرا محجورا حراما محرما أن يعذب هذا الملح بالعذب ، أو يملح هذا العذب بالملح .
When two rivers meet or a river flows down into the sea, at the point of confluence, in spite of coming together, the two waters remain separate and a line of demarcation can be seen for quite a distance. The writer of these words has witnessed this scene at the meeting place of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna at Allahabad. This happens under the natural law which in the present age is known as ‘surface tension’. Similarly, at the sea coast when the tides are rising the salt sea water rides over the coastal river’s fresh water. But the surface tension keeps the two waters separate, and when the tide goes out, the saltish water withdraws from above (without affecting the water below), and the fresh water below maintains its natural character. Due to this surface tension law, it has been possible to find reservoirs of fresh water in the very midst of salt sea waters to meet the needs of voyagers.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـٰذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـٰذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَّحْجُورًا ﴿53﴾
And He is the One who joined the two seas - this is sweat, very sweat and this is bitter, very bitter - and made between them a buffer and a barrier, prohibited (to cross) - 25:53.
The word مَرَج (maraja) means to let off or allow to roam freely and hence pasture is called رَج (maraj) that is where animals can graze and roam about. عَذْبٌ ('adhb) is sweet water, while فُراَت means delicious and pleasant; and مِلح (milh) means salty and أُجَاجٌ means bitter.
Allah Ta’ ala in His own Wisdom has created two types of waters. One is enormous in size called oceans and cover up about two third of the global space while the rest of the one third space is made up of land mass on which people live. The water of the oceans and seas is extremely brackish, bitter and of a bad taste. On the other hand the water found on land in different forms is potable, pleasant and tasty. This water is just right for the needs of mankind and animals alike who drink it and use it for cleaning. If the water of the seas and oceans were not brackish, it would have decayed very quickly leaving behind a pungent and foul odor making the life unbearable for humans and animals on land. Moreover, the creatures living in ocean and sea water, and number manifold than those living on land could not have survived because when they die, they perish in the brackish water. If they were to die in sweet water their decomposition would have contaminated the water making the survival of the marine life impossible and its stink would have been unbearable for the life on land. Then the garbage of the land is generally dumped in the sea where it is decomposed (except for a few modern age items which need special treatment). Therefore, brackish water of the oceans and seas is a great blessing of Allah Ta’ ala for all creatures, whether living in the sea or on the land. Without the presence of brackish water mass, there would have been no marine or land life.
In this verse it is elucidated that it is a great blessing and grace of Allah Ta` a1a to have provided two types of waters in accordance with the needs of mankind. Then it is a perfect demonstration of His complete power that when a river of sweet water falls into the sea, the two waters .(the sweet and the brackish) do not mingle immediately where they meet, but for miles they remain separated from each other, despite the fact that there is no physical curtain between them. This is yet another example of His omnipotence.
(And He it is Who hath given independence to the two seas (though they meet); one palatable, sweet, and the other saltish, bitter; and hath set a bar) a barrier between the sweet and the salty (and a forbidding ban between them) preventing either one from transgressing against the other, such as to make the taste of either of them change.
The universality of the Prophet's Message, how He was supported in His Mission and Allah's Blessings to Mankind
Allah says:
وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَبَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ نَّذِيراً
(And had We willed, We would have raised a warner in every town.) `Calling them to Allah, but We have singled you out, O Muhammad, to be sent to all the people of earth, and We have commanded you to convey the Qur'an,'
لاٌّنذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ
(that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19).
وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ
(but those of the sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place) (11:17).
لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا
(that you may warn the Mother of the Towns and all around it) (42:7).
قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا
(Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah...") (7:158). In the Two Sahihs (it is reported that the Prophet said:)
«بُعِثْتُ إِلَى الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَد»
(I have been sent to the red and the black. ) And:
«وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّة»
(...A Prophet would be sent to his own people, but I have been sent to all of mankind.) Allah says:
فَلاَ تُطِعِ الْكَـفِرِينَ وَجَـهِدْهُمْ بِهِ
(So obey not the disbelievers, but strive hard against them with it.) meaning, with the Qur'an. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas.
جِهَاداً كَبيراً
(with the utmost endeavour.) This is like the Ayah,
يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ جَـهِدِ الْكُفَّـرَ وَالْمُنَـفِقِينَ
(O Prophet! Strive hard against the disbelievers and the hypocrites,) (9:73)
وَهُوَ الَّذِى مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ
(And it is He Who has let free the two seas, this is palatable and sweet, and that is salty and bitter;) means, He has created the two kinds of water, sweet and salty. The sweet water is like that in rivers, springs and wells, which is fresh, sweet, palatable water. This was the view of Ibn Jurayj and of Ibn Jarir, and this is the meaning without a doubt, for nowhere in creation is there a sea which is fresh and sweet. Allah has told us about reality so that His servants may realize His blessings to them and give thanks to Him. The sweet water is that which flows amidst people. Allah has portioned it out among His creatures according to their needs; rivers and springs in every land, according to what they need for themselves and their lands.
وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ
(and that is salty and bitter;) meaning that it is salty, bitter and not easy to swallow. This is like the seas that are known in the east and the west, the Atlantic Ocean and the Straits that lead to it, the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the China Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and so on, all the seas that are stable and do not flow, but they swell and surge in the winter and when the winds are strong, and they have tides that ebb and flow. At the beginning of each month the tides ebb and flood, and when the month starts to wane they retreat until they go back to where they started. When the crescent of the following month appears, the tide begins to ebb again until the fourteenth of the month, then it decreases. Allah, may He be glorified, the One Whose power is absolute, has set these laws in motion, so all of these seas are stationary, and He has made their water salty lest the air turn putrid because of them and the whole earth turn rotten as a result, and lest the earth spoil because of the animals dying on it. Because its water is salty, its air is healthy and its dead are good (to eat), hence when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked whether sea water can be used for Wudu', he said:
«هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُه»
(Its water is pure and its dead are lawful.) This was recorded by Malik, Ash-Shafi`i and Ahmad, and by the scholars of Sunan with a good Jayyid chain of narration.
وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخاً وَحِجْراً
(and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them. ) meaning, between the sweet water and the saltwater.
بَرْزَخاً
(a barrier) means a partition, which is dry land.
وَحِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً
(and a complete partition) means, a barrier, to prevent one of them from reaching the other. This is like the Ayat:
مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ - بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لاَّ يَبْغِيَانِ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
(He has let loose the two seas meeting together. Between them is a barrier which none of them can transgress. Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (55:19-21)
أَمَّن جَعَلَ الاٌّرْضَ قَرَاراً وَجَعَلَ خِلاَلَهَآ أَنْهَاراً وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِىَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزاً أَءِلـهٌ مَّعَ اللهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ
(Is not He Who has made the earth as a fixed abode, and has placed rivers in its midst, and placed firm mountains therein, and set a barrier between the two seas Is there any god with Allah Nay, but most of them know not!) (27:61)
وَهُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ مِنَ الْمَآءِ بَشَراً
(And it is He Who has created man from water,) means, He created man from a weak Nutfah, then gave him shape and formed him, and completed his form, male and female, as He willed.
فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَباً وَصِهْراً
(and has appointed for him kindred by blood, and kindred by marriage.) in the beginning, he is someone's child, then he gets married and becomes a son-in-law, then he himself has sons-in-law and other relatives through marriage. All of this comes from a despised liquid, Allah says:
وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ قَدِيراً
(And your Lord is Ever All-Powerful to do what He wills.)
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord. Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it. When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him. A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, “Where are you coming from?” He said, “He.” He said, “Where are you going?” He said, “He.” He said, “What is your goal?” He said, “He.” No matter what he asked, he replied “He.” This is like what someone said: “So much is your image in my eyes that whatever I see I fancy is you.” And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude. Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter.Hū [He] is one solitary letter that alludes to the solitary Lord. It is neither a name nor an attribute, but an allusion to a Lord who has no name and no attribute. The one letter is the h. The ū is the resting place of the breath. Do you not see that when you make its dual, you say humā, not hūmā? This is so that you will know that it is indeed one letter pointing to the One Lord.Whenever you say any of the names and attributes, you say them from the tip of the tongue, in contrast to hū, which comes forth from the midst of the spirit and goes by way of the core of the breast and the depth of the heart. The tongue and lips have nothing to do with it.When this word comes from the depths of the breasts of the men of the religion's road and the lords of the eye of certainty-those who have limpid hearts, high aspirations, and empty breasts- what they mean and understand is nothing but the Real. Unless someone becomes a chevalier of this sort, the reality of the He-ness will not be unveiled to him.A great man was walking on a road, and a dervish was coming toward him. He said, �Where are you coming from?�He said, �He.�He said, �Where are you going?� He said, �He.�He said, �What is your goal?� He said, �He.�No matter what he asked, he replied �He.� This is like what someone said:�So much is your image in my eyesthat whatever I see I fancy is you.�And He it is who mixed the two oceans, this one sweet, delicious; that one salty, bitter. The salty ocean has no sweetness, and the sweet no saltiness. The two are one in substantiality, but God in His power made them differ in attribute. In the same way He created hearts, some of which are quarries of certainty and recognition and others of which are loci of doubt and ingratitude.Sweet, delicious is an allusion to the hearts of the friends, which are bright with the light of guidance and adorned with the ornament of faith and within which is shining the radiance of tawḤīd's sun.
يقول تعالى ذكره: والله الذي خلط البحرين, فأمرج أحدهما في الآخر, وأفاضه فيه. وأصل المرج الخلط, ثم يقال للتخلية مرج؛ لأن الرجل إذا خلى الشيء حتى اختلط بغيره, فكأنه قد مرجه، ومنه الخبر عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم, وقوله لعبد الله بن عمرو: " كَيْفَ بِكَ يا عَبْدَ اللهِ إذَا كُنْتَ في حُثَالَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ, قَدْ مَرِجَتْ عُهُودُهُمْ وأماناتُهُمْ, وصَارُوا هَكَذا وشبَّك بين أصابعه. يعني بقوله: قد مرجت: اختلطت, ومنه قول الله: فِي أَمْرٍ مَرِيجٍ أي مختلط. وإنما قيل للمرج مرج من ذلك, لأنه يكون فيه أخلاط من الدوابّ, ويقال: مَرَجْت دابتك: أي خليتها تذهب حيث شاءت. ومنه قول الراجز:رَعَى بِهَا مَرَجَ رَبيعٍ مَمْرَج (3)وبنحو ما قلنا في ذلك، قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس, قوله: ( وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ) يعني أنه خلع أحدهما على الآخر.حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قوله: ( مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ) أفاض أحدهما على الآخر.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, عن مجاهد, مثله.حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ) يقول: خلع أحدهما على الآخر.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثنا أبو تميلة, عن أبي حمزة, عن جابر, عن مجاهد ( مَرَجَ ) أفاض أحدهما على الآخر.وقوله ( هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ ) الفرات: شديد العذوبة, يقال: هذا ماء فرات: أي شديد العذوبة وقوله ( وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ) يقول: وهذا ملح مرّ، يعني بالعذب الفرات: مياه الأنهار والأمطار, وبالملح الأجاج: مياه البحار.وإنما عنى بذلك أنه من نعمته على خلقه, وعظيم سلطانه, يخلط ماء البحر العذب بماء البحر الملح الأجاج, ثم يمنع الملح من تغيير العذب عن عذوبته, وإفساده إياه بقضائه وقدرته, لئلا يضرّ إفساده إياه بركبان الملح منهما, فلا يجدوا ماء يشربونه عند حاجتهم إلى الماء, فقال جلّ ثناؤه: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) يعني حاجزا يمنع كل واحد منهما من إفساد الآخر ( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) يقول: وجعل كلّ واحد منهما حراما محرّما على صاحبه أن يغيره ويفسده.وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل ذلك, قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس, قوله: ( هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ) يعني أنه خلع أحدهما على الآخر, فليس يفسد العذب المالح, وليس يفسد المالح العذب, وقوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: البرزخ: الأرض بينهما( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) يعني: حجر أحدهما على الآخر بأمره وقضائه, وهو مثل قوله وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزًا .وحدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: محبسا، قوله: ( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) قال: لا يختلط البحر بالعذب.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: حاجزا لا يراه أحد, لا يختلط العذب في البحر. قال ابن جُرَيج: فلم أجد بحرا عذبا إلا الأنهار العذاب, فإن دجلة تقع في البحر, فأخبرني الخبير بها أنها تقع في البحر, فلا تمور فيه بينهما مثل الخيط الأبيض، فإذا رجعت لم ترجع في طريقها من البحر, والنيل يصبّ في البحر.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني أبو تميلة, عن أبي حمزة, عن جابر, عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) قال: البرزخ أنهما يلتقيان فلا يختلطان, وقوله ( حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) : أي لا تختلط ملوحة هذا بعذوبة هذا, لا يبغي أحدهما على الآخر.حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا ابن علية, عن رجاء, عن الحسن, في قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) قال: هذا اليبس.حدثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة, في قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) قال: جعل هذا ملحا أجاجًا, قال: والأجاج: المرّ.حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول: ( مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ) يقول: خلع أحدهما على الآخر, فلا يغير أحدهما طعم الآخر ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا ) هو الأجل ما بين الدنيا والآخرة ( وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) جعل الله بين البحرين حجرا, يقول: حاجزا حجز أحدهما عن الآخر بأمره وقضائه.حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) وجعل بينهما سترا لا يلتقيان. قال: والعرب إذا كلم أحدهم الآخر بما يكره قال حجرا, قال: سترا دون الذي تقول.قال أبو جعفر: وإنما اخترنا القول الذي اخترناه في معنى قوله: ( وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا ) دون القول الذي قاله من قال معناه: إنه جعل بينهما حاجزا من الأرض أو من اليبس, لأن الله تعالى ذكره أخبر في أوّل الآية أنه مرج البحرين, والمرج: هو الخلط في كلام العرب على ما بيَّنت قبل, فلو كان البرزخ الذي بين العذب الفرات من البحرين, والملح الأجاج أرضا أو يبسا لم يكن هناك مرج للبحرين, وقد أخبر جلّ ثناؤه أنه مرجهما, وإنما عرفنا قدرته بحجزه هذا الملح الأجاج عن إفساد هذا العذب الفرات, مع اختلاط كلّ واحد منهما بصاحبه. فأما إذا كان كلّ واحد منهما في حيز عن حيز صاحبه, فليس هناك مرج, ولا هناك من الأعجوبة ما ينبه عليه أهل الجهل به من الناس, ويذكرون به, وإن كان كلّ ما ابتدعه ربنا عجيبا, وفيه أعظم العبر والمواعظ والحجج البوالغ.-----------------------الهوامش:(3) البيت من مشطور الرجز ، للعجاج الراجز ( ديوانه طبع ليبسك سنة 1093 ص 9 ) وهو البيت الثاني والثمانون من أرجوزته التي مطلعها * مـا هـاج أحزانا وشجوا قد شجا *وضبط ناشره لفظ ممرج ، بضم الميم الأول وكسر الراء ، والصواب ما في اللسان ، ونقلناه عنه ، وهو اسم مكان من مرج الدابة يمرجها ( من باب نصر ) إذا أرسلها ترعى في المرج
وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـٰذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـٰذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَّحْجُورًا ﴿53﴾
And He is the One who joined the two seas - this is sweat, very sweat and this is bitter, very bitter - and made between them a buffer and a barrier, prohibited (to cross) - 25:53.
The word مَرَج (maraja) means to let off or allow to roam freely and hence pasture is called رَج (maraj) that is where animals can graze and roam about. عَذْبٌ ('adhb) is sweet water, while فُراَت means delicious and pleasant; and مِلح (milh) means salty and أُجَاجٌ means bitter.
Allah Ta’ ala in His own Wisdom has created two types of waters. One is enormous in size called oceans and cover up about two third of the global space while the rest of the one third space is made up of land mass on which people live. The water of the oceans and seas is extremely brackish, bitter and of a bad taste. On the other hand the water found on land in different forms is potable, pleasant and tasty. This water is just right for the needs of mankind and animals alike who drink it and use it for cleaning. If the water of the seas and oceans were not brackish, it would have decayed very quickly leaving behind a pungent and foul odor making the life unbearable for humans and animals on land. Moreover, the creatures living in ocean and sea water, and number manifold than those living on land could not have survived because when they die, they perish in the brackish water. If they were to die in sweet water their decomposition would have contaminated the water making the survival of the marine life impossible and its stink would have been unbearable for the life on land. Then the garbage of the land is generally dumped in the sea where it is decomposed (except for a few modern age items which need special treatment). Therefore, brackish water of the oceans and seas is a great blessing of Allah Ta’ ala for all creatures, whether living in the sea or on the land. Without the presence of brackish water mass, there would have been no marine or land life.
In this verse it is elucidated that it is a great blessing and grace of Allah Ta` a1a to have provided two types of waters in accordance with the needs of mankind. Then it is a perfect demonstration of His complete power that when a river of sweet water falls into the sea, the two waters .(the sweet and the brackish) do not mingle immediately where they meet, but for miles they remain separated from each other, despite the fact that there is no physical curtain between them. This is yet another example of His omnipotence.