The Event, The Inevitable, That Which is Coming — Verse 8

Those of the right hand those who are given their record of deeds in their right hand fa-ashābu’l-maymanati is the subject the predicate of which is the following mā ashābu’l-maymanati — what of those of the right hand? — a glorification of their status on account of their admittance into Paradise.

فأصحاب اليمين، أهل المنزلة العالية، ما أعظم مكانتهم!! وأصحاب الشمال، أهل المنزلة الدنيئة، ما أسوأ حالهم!!

قال تعالى "فأصحاب الميمنة ما أصحاب الميمنة وأصحاب المشأمة ما أصحاب المشأمة والسابقون السابقون" وهكذا قسمهم إلى هذه الأنواع الثلاثة في آخر السورة وقت احتضارهم وهكذا ذكرهم في قوله تعالى "ثم أورثنا الكتاب الذين اصطفينا من عبادنا فمنهم ظالم لنفسه ومنهم مقتصد ومنهم سابق بالخيرات بإذن الله" الآية وذلك على أحد القولين في الظالم لنفسه كما تقدم بيانه قال سفيان الثوري عن جابر الجعفي عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس عن قوله "وكنتم أزواجا ثلاثة" قال هي التي في سورة الملائكة "ثم أورثنا الكتاب الذين اصطفينا من عبادنا فمنهم ظالم لنفسه ومنهم مقتصد ومنهم سابق بالخيرات" وقال ابن جريج عن ابن عباس هذه الأزواج الثلاثة هم المذكورون في آخر السورة وفي سورة الملائكة. وقال يزيد الرقاشي سألت ابن عباس في قوله "وكنتم أزواجا ثلاثة" قال أصناقا ثلاثة وقال مجاهد "وكنتم أزواجا ثلاثه" يعني فرقا ثلاثة. وقال ميمون بن مهران أفواجا ثلاثة وقال عبيد الله العتكي عن عثمان بن سراقة بن خالة عمر بن الخطاب "وكنتم أزواجا ثلاثة" اثنان في الجنة وواحد في النار. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا محمد بن الصباح حدثنا الوليد بن أبي ثور عن سماك عن النعمان بن بشير قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "وإذا النفوس زوجت" قال: الضرباء كل رجل من كل قوم كانوا يعملون عمله وذلك بأن الله تعالى يقول "وكنتم أزواجا ثلاثة فأصحاب الميمنة ما أصحاب الميمنة وأصحاب المشأمة ما أصحاب المشأمة والسابقون السابقون" قال هم الضرباء.

ثم فصل - سبحانه - الحديث عن الأزواج الثالثة فقال : ( فَأَصْحَابُ الميمنة مَآ أَصْحَابُ الميمنة وَأَصْحَابُ المشأمة مَآ أَصْحَابُ المشأمة والسابقون السابقون ) .والمراد بأصحاب الميمنة ، أولئك السعداء الذين يؤتون كتبهم يوم القيامة بأيمانهم ، أو لأنهم يذهب بهم ذات اليمين إلى الجنة . .أو سموا بذلك ، لأنهم ميامين ، أى : أصحاب بركة على أنفسهم ، لأنهم أطاعوا ربهم وخالفوا أهواءهم . . . فكانت عاقبتهم الجنة .

وقوله: (فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ )، وهذا بيان من الله عن الأزواج الثلاثة، يقول، جلّ ثناؤه: وكنتم أزواجًا ثلاثة: أصحاب الميمنة، وأصحاب المشأمة، والسابقون، فجعل الخبر عنهم، مغنيا عن البيان عنهم، على الوجه الذي ذكرنا، لدلالة الكلام على معناه، فقال: (فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ ) يعجِّب نبيه محمدا منهم، وقال: (مَا أَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ ) الذين يؤخذ بهم ذات اليمين إلى الجنة، أيّ شيء أصحاب اليمين.

( فأصحاب الميمنة ) هم الذين يؤخذ بهم ذات اليمين إلى الجنة . وقال ابن عباس : هم الذين كانوا على يمين آدم حين أخرجت الذرية من صلبه ، وقال الله تعالى لهم : هؤلاء في الجنة ولا أبالي . وقال الضحاك : هم الذين يعطون كتبهم بأيمانهم . وقال الحسن والربيع : هم الذين كانوا ميامين مباركين على أنفسهم وكانت أعمارهم في طاعة الله ، وهم التابعون بإحسان ثم عجب نبيه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال : ( ما أصحاب الميمنة ) وهذا كما يقال : زيد ما زيد ! يراد : زيد شديد .

فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ (8(قد علمت عند تفسير قوله تعالى : { إذا وقعت الواقعة } [ الواقعة : 1 ] الوجه في متعلق { إذا } وإذ قد وقع قوله : { وكنتم أزواجاً ثلاثة } [ الواقعة : 7 ] عطفاً على الجمل التي أضيف إليها ( إذَا ( من قوله : { إذا رجت الأرض رجا } [ الواقعة : 4 ] كان هو محط القصد من التوقيت ب ( إذا ( الثانية الواقعة بدلاً من ( إذا ( الأولى وكلتاهما مضمن معنى الشرط ، فكان هذا في معنى الجزاء ، فلك أن تجعل الفاء لربط الجزاء مع التفصيل للإجمال ، وتكون جملة { فأصحاب الميمنة } جواباً ل ( إذا ( الثانية آئلاً إلى كونه جواباً ل ( إذا ( الأولى لأن الثانية مبدلة منها ، ولذلك جاز أن يكون هذا هو جواب ( إذا ( الأولى فتكون الفاء مستعملة في معنييها كما تقدم عند قوله تعالى : { ليس لوقعتها كاذبة } [ الواقعة : 2 ] .وقد أفاد التفصيل أن الأصناف ثلاثة :صنفٌ منهم أصحاب الميمنة ، وهم الذين يجعلون في الجهة اليمنى في الجنة أو في المحشر . واليمين جهة عناية وكرامة في العرف ، واشتقت من اليمْن ، أي البركة .

ثم فصل أحوال الأزواج الثلاثة، فقال: { فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ } تعظيم لشأنهم، وتفخيم لأحوالهم.

فأصحاب الميمنة هم الذين يؤخذ بهم ذات اليمين إلى الجنة

The group at the forefront (as-sabiqun) will comprise of those who, immediately accept the Truth when it appears before them, and surrender themselves to it without hesitation. According to the Prophet’s wife, ‘A’ishah, the Prophet said, ‘Do you know, on the Day of Judgement, who will be the first to find a place in the protective shade of God?’ People said that God and His Prophet knew best. Then he said, ‘It will be those to whom Truth was presented and they accepted it. When Truth was demanded of them, they gave it. They gave the same decision with regard to others as they did with regard to themselves.’ (Tafsir ibn Kathir). In the early period of the call for Truth, for those who came forward and embraced Islam, it was a discovery. The generation coming after them, regarded Islam as a legacy. It is this difference between discovery and legacy which raises the status of first group over that of the second group. Naturally, the second group is larger in number than the first group. In the Hereafter, there will be ordinary rewards for the second group while, for the first group, there will be royal rewards.

Three Categories of People on the Day of Resurrection وَكُنتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً (and you will be [ divided into ] three categories...56:7). Ibn Kathir says that people will be divided into three different categories on the Day of Resurrection. One group will be on the right side of Allah's Throne, and they are those who were brought forth from the right side of the loin of 'Adam (علیہ السلام) . These people will be given their Ledgers of Deeds in their right hands and will be taken to the right side of the Divine Throne. They are the inmates of Paradise. The second category comprises those who will be placed to the left of Allah's Throne. These are people who were brought forth from the left side of the loin of 'Adam (علیہ السلام) . This category will be given their Ledgers of Deeds in their left hands and will be taken to the left side of the Divine Throne. They are the inhabitants of the Fire. [ We seek refuge in Allah from their behaviour pattern!] The third category consists of As-sabiqun [ the foremost ] who are described as Al-muqarrabun [ the fortunate believers who are granted special nearness to Allah ]. They will be placed in front of the Divine Throne. They include the Messengers, the Prophets, Siddiqin, martyrs and the friends of Allah. They are fewer than those on the right side. Towards the end of the Surah, the description of the three categories will be taken up again to mention that some signs start appearing, right from the time of death of a person, to indicate in which category he or she is going to fall.

(First) those on the right hand) these are the inhabitants of the Garden who will be given their scrolls in their right hands; they are the ones about whom Allah said: " These are destined for Paradise, and I care not " ; (what of those on the right hand) arousing by this expression the wonder of His Prophet: and what do you know, O Muhammad, about the bliss, happiness and honour of the people of the Garden?

Those of the right [hand], what of those of the right [hand]?This means those who are given the book [of deeds] in their right hand.

Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Waqi`ah Abu Ishaq reported from `Ikrimah from Ibn `Abbas that Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger! You are becoming gray" The Messenger ﷺ replied, «شَيَّبَتْنِي هُودٌ وَالْوَاقِعَةُ وَالْمُرْسَلَاتُ وَعَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ وَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَت» (Hud (chapter 11), Al-Waqi`ah (56), Al-Mursalat (77), `Amma Yatasa'alun (78) and Idha Ash-Shamsu Kuwwirat (81) have made me gray.) At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith and said, "Hasan Gharib." بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Horrors of the Day of Resurrection Al-Waqi`ah (the occurrence), is one of the names of the Day of Resurrection, because that Day is real and will surely come. Allah the Exalted said in other Ayat, فَيَوْمَئِذٍ وَقَعَتِ الْوَاقِعَةُ (Then on that Day shall the Waqi`ah occur.)( 69:15) Allah the Exalted said, لَيْسَ لِوَقْعَتِهَا كَاذِبَةٌ (There is not, for its occurrence, Kadhibah.) means, when He commands the Day of Resurrection to begin, none can stop it from happening or prevent it from beginning, اسْتَجِيبُواْ لِرَبِّكُمْ مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِىَ يَوْمٌ لاَّ مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ (Answer the call of your Lord before there comes from Allah a Day which can not be averted.) (42:47), سَأَلَ سَآئِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ - لِّلْكَـفِرِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُ دَافِعٌ (A questioner asked concerning a torment about to occur -- upon the disbelievers, which none can avert.)(70:1-2), وَيَوْمَ يَقُولُ كُن فَيَكُونُ قَوْلُهُ الْحَقُّ وَلَهُ الْمُلْكُ يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى الصُّوَرِ عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ وَهُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْخَبِيرُ (And on the Day He will say: "Be!" -- and it is! His Word is the Truth. His will be the dominion on the Day when the Trumpet will be blown. All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is the All-Wise, Well Aware.)(6:73) As for the meaning of كَاذِبَةٌ (Kadhibah) Muhammad bin Ka`b said: "It will certainly occur," while Qatadah said, "It shall not be discontinued, taken back or aborted. Allah's statement, خَافِضَةٌ رَّافِعَةٌ (Bringing low, exalting.) indicates that Al-Waqi`ah lowers some people to the lowest parts of the Fire, even if they had been mighty in this life. It also elevates others to the highest grades in the residence of eternal delight, even if they were weak in this life. This was said by Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas: خَافِضَةٌ رَّافِعَةٌ (Bringing low, exalting), "It made the near and the far hear it," while `Ikrimah said, "It lowered, and thus those who were close heard it, and elevated, and thus those in the distance heard it." Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said similarly. Allah said, إِذَا رُجَّتِ الاٌّرْضُ رَجّاً (When the earth will be shaken with a terrible shake.) meaning, it is shaken and moved violently over all of its surface and through its depths. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and others said about Allah's saying:, إِذَا رُجَّتِ الاٌّرْضُ رَجّاً (When the earth will be shaken with a terrible shake.) it means "Violently shaken." Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "The earth will be shaken with all that is in it, just as a sifter is shaken with its contents." This is like Allah's saying: إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الاٌّرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا (When the earth is shaken with its earthquake.)(99:1) and, يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السَّاعَةِ شَىْءٌ عَظِيمٌ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, the earthquake of the Hour is a terrible thing.)(22:1). Allah said: وَبُسَّتِ الْجِبَالُ بَسّاً (And the mountains will be powdered to dust,) meaning, relentlessly pulverized. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah and Qatadah and others. Ibn Zayd said: "The mountains will become just like Allah described them, كَثِيباً مَّهِيلاً (A heap of sand poured out.)(73:14)." Allah's saying: فَكَانَتْ هَبَآءً مُّنبَثّاً (So that they will become floating dust particles.) Abu Ishaq narrated from Al-Harith, from `Ali: "It will become like the rising dust storm that soon fades away leaving no trace of itself behind." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas about Allah's saying: فَكَانَتْ هَبَآءً مُّنبَثّاً (So that they will become floating dust particles.) "It describes the rising embers from the fire when it is kindled, but when the embers land, they are extinguished quickly." `Ikrimah said, "The floating dust particles that the wind scatters all around," while Qatadah said, هَبَآءً مُّنبَثّاً (floating particles), "Like the dry parts of trees that the wind scatters all about." This Ayah is similar to several other Ayat that indicate that the mountains will be moved from their places, demolished and blown off their bases, becoming like carded wool on the Day of Resurrection. Three Categories of People on the Day of Resurrection Allah's statement, وَكُنتُمْ أَزْوَاجاً ثَلَـثَةً (And you (all) will be in three groups.) This means that people will be divided into three categories on the Day of Resurrection. Some will on the right of Allah's Throne, and they are those who were brought forth from `Adam's right side. This category will be given their Books of Records in their right hand and will be taken to the right side. As-Suddi explained that they will comprise the majority of the residents of Paradise. Another category is those who will be placed to the left of Allah's Throne, and they are those who were brought forth from `Adam's left side. This category will be given their Books of Records in their left hands and will be taken to the left side. They are the residents of the Fire, may Allah save us from their actions. A third category is comprised of those who are the foremost and nearest before Allah. They are in a better grade and status and nearer to Allah than those on the right side. They are the chiefs of those on the right side, because they include the Messengers, Prophets, true believers and martyrs. They are fewer than those on the right side; so Allah said, فَأَصْحَـبُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَآ أَصْحَـبُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ - وَأَصْحَـبُ الْمَشْـَمَةِ مَآ أَصْحَـبُ الْمَشْـَمَةِ - وَالسَّـبِقُونَ السَّـبِقُونَ (So those on the right -- how will be those on the right! And those on the left -- how will be those on the left! And those foremost will be foremost.) Allah divides people into these three groups upon their death, as indicated by the end of this Surah. Allah mentioned them in His statement as well, ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَـبَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا فَمِنْهُمْ ظَـلِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُّقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَتِ بِإِذُنِ اللَّهِ (Then We gave the Book as inheritance to such of Our servants whom We chose. Then of them are some who wrong themselves, and of them are some who follow a middle course, and of them are some who are, by Allah's leave, foremost in good deeds.)(35:32) Muhammad bin Ka`b, Abu Hazrah Ya`qub bin Mujahid said that, وَالسَّـبِقُونَ السَّـبِقُونَ (And those foremost will be foremost.) is about the Prophets, peace be upon them, while As-Suddi said that they are the residents of the utmost highs (Ahl Al-`Illiyyin, in Paradise). The meaning of foremost is that they were foremost in performing the acts of righteousness just as Allah commanded them, وَسَارِعُواْ إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ (And march forth in the way to forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as the heavens and the earth.)(3:133) and, سَابِقُواْ إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (Race with one another in hastening towards forgiveness from your Lord, and Paradise the width whereof is as the width of the heaven and the earth.)(57:21) Therefore, those who rush to obey Allah in this life and are foremost in performing acts of righteousness, will be among the foremost believers honored in the Hereafter. Verily, the reward is according to the kind of deed, and as one does, so he is judged. So Allah said: أُوْلَـئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ فِى جَنَّـتِ النَّعِيمِ (These will be the nearest (to Allah). In the Gardens of Delight.)