The Pen — Verse 31

They said ‘O yā is for calling attention to something woe to us! O destruction of ours. We have indeed been unjust.

فلما رأوا حديقتهم محترقة أنكروها، وقالوا: لقد أخطأنا الطريق إليها، فلما عرفوا أنها هي جنتهم، قالوا: بل نحن محرومون خيرها؛ بسبب عزمنا على البخل ومنع المساكين. قال أعدلهم: ألم أقل لكم هلا تستثنون وتقولون: إن شاء الله؟ قالوا بعد أن عادوا إلى رشدهم: تنزَّه الله ربنا عن الظلم فيما أصابنا، بل نحن كنا الظالمين لأنفسنا بترك الاستثناء وقصدنا السيِّئ. فأقبل بعضهم على بعض، يلوم كل منهم الآخر على تركهم الاستثناء وعلى قصدهم السيِّئ، قالوا: يا ويلنا إنَّا كنا متجاوزين الحد في منعنا الفقراء ومخالفة أمر الله، عسى ربنا أن يعطينا أفضل من حديقتنا؛ بسبب توبتنا واعترافنا بخطيئتنا. إنا إلى ربنا وحده راغبون، راجون العفو، طالبون الخير. مثل ذلك العقاب الذي عاقبنا به أهل الحديقة يكون عقابنا في الدنيا لكل مَن خالف أمر الله، وبخل بما آتاه الله من النعم فلم يؤدِّ حق الله فيها، ولَعذاب الآخرة أعظم وأشد مِن عذاب الدنيا، لو كانوا يعلمون لانزجروا عن كل سبب يوجب العقاب.

أي عاصين بمنع حق الفقراء وترك الاستثناء. وقال ابن كيسان: طغينا نعم الله فلم نشكرها كما شكرها آباؤنا من قبل.

( قَالُواْ ياويلنا ) أى : يا هلاكنا ويا حسرتنا . . ( إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ ) أى : إنا كنا متجاوزين لحدودنا ، وفاسقين عن أمر ربنا ، عندما صممنا على البخل بما أعطانا - سبحانه - من فضله .

وقوله: (يَاوَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ ) يقول: قال أصحاب الجنة: يا ويلنا إنا كنا مُبْعَدين: مخالفين أمر الله في تركنا الاستثناء والتسبيح.

ونادوا على أنفسهم بالويل : ( قالوا ياويلنا إنا كنا طاغين ) في منعنا حق الفقراء . وقال ابن كيسان : طغينا نعم الله فلم نشكرها ولم نصنع ما صنع آباؤنا من قبل .

قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ (31) وقد تلقى كل واحد منهم لوم غيره عليه بإحقاق نفسه بالملامة وإشراك بقيتهم فيها فقال كل واحد منهم : { يا ويلنا إنّا كنّا طاغين } إلى آخره ، فأسند هذا القول إلى جميعهم لذلك .فجملة { قالوا يا ويلنا إنا كنا طاغين } إلى آخرها يجوز أن تكون مبينة لجملة { يتلاومون ، } أي يلوم بعضهم بعضاً بهذا الكلام فتكون خبراً مستعملاً في التقريع على طريقة التعريض بغيره والإِقرار على نفسه ، مع التحسر والتندم بما أفاده { يا ويلنا . } وذلك كلام جامع للملامة كلها ولَم تعطف الجملة لأنها مبينة .ويجوز أن تكون جوابَ بعضهم بعضاً عن لومه غيره ، فكما أجمعوا على لوم بعضهم بعضاً كذلك أجمعوا على إجابة بعضهم بعضاً عن ذلك الملام فقال كل مَلُوم للائِمِه { يا ويلنا إنا كنّا طاغين } الخ جواباً بتقرير ملامه والاعتراف بالذنب ورجاء العفو من الله وتعويضِهم عن جنتهم خيراً منها إذا قبل توبتهم وجعل لهم ثواب الدنيا مع ثواب الآخرة ، فيكون ترك العطف لأن فعل القول جرى في طريقة المحاورة .والإِقبال : حقيقته المجيء إلى الغير من جهة وجهه وهو مشتق من القُبُل وهو ما يبدو من الإِنسان من جهة وجهه ضد الإِدبار ، وهو هنا تمثيل لحال العناية باللَّوم .واللوم : إنكار متوسط على فعل أو قوللٍ وهو دون التوبيخ وفوق العتاب ، وتقدم عند قوله تعالى :{ فإنهم غير مَلومين } في سورة المؤمنين ( 6 ) .والطغيان : تجاوز الحدّ المتعارف في الكِبْر والتعاظم والمعنى : إنا كنا طاغين على حدود الله .

{ قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ } أي: متجاوزين للحد في حق الله، وحق عباده.

قالوا يا ويلنا إنا كنا طاغين أي عاصين بمنع حق الفقراء وترك الاستثناء . وقال ابن كيسان : طغينا نعم الله فلم نشكرها كما شكرها آباؤنا من قبل .

Whatever a man earns in this world is apparently from farming or industry or other such pursuits. But, in fact, it is all given to him by the grace of God. If one considers it a gift from God and sets apart a portion of it for other subjects of God, Almighty God will bless his earnings. On the contrary, one who considers his earnings the result purely of his own talents and who is not, therefore, prepared to give others their dues, will find that his earnings will be of no avail. This is a strict law of God. In some cases, it manifests itself in this world, but in the Hereafter it will manifest itself for all, and none shall be exempt from it.

قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ ( [ and at last ] they said, "Woe to us! In fact, we [ all ] were outrageous....68:31). At the beginning, they accused one another of the sin. Then when they considered the matter carefully, they admitted that they were all on the wrong. As a result, they lamented and admitted their guilt that amounted to repentance. On the basis of this repentance they hoped that Allah will give them in exchange a garden better than the one destroyed. Imam Baghawi reports from Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ that, according to his information, when these brothers repented truly, Allah blessed them with a better vineyard that bore such large bunches of grapes that a single bunch could be loaded on a mule. [ Mazhari ].

(They said) in unison: (Alas for us! In truth we were outrageous) we were sinful by depriving the needy ones.

A Parable of the Removal of the Earnings of the Disbelievers This is a parable that Allah made of the behavior of the Quraysh disbelievers with the great mercy, and tremendous favors He granted them. The mercy and favor of sending of Muhammad ﷺ to them. But they met him with denial, rejection and opposition. Therefore Allah says, إِنَّا بَلَوْنَـهُمْ (Verily, We have tried them) meaning, `We have tested them.' كَمَا بَلَوْنَآ أَصْحَـبَ الْجَنَّةِ (as We tried the People of the Garden,) This refers to a garden containing different types of fruits and vegetation. إِذْ أَقْسَمُواْ لَيَصْرِمُنَّهَا مُصْبِحِينَ (when they swore to pluck the fruits of the (garden) in the morning,) meaning, they vowed between themselves during the night that they would pluck the fruit of the garden in the morning so that poor and the beggars would not know what they were doing. In this way they would be able to keep its fruit for themselves and not give any of it in charity. وَلاَ يَسْتَثْنُونَ (Without (saying: "If Allah wills.")) meaning their vow that they made. Therefore, Allah broke their vow. He then said, فَطَافَ عَلَيْهَا طَآئِفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَهُمْ نَآئِمُونَ (Then there passed over it a Ta'if from your Lord while they were asleep. ) meaning, it was afflicted with some heavenly destruction. فَأَصْبَحَتْ كَالصَّرِيمِ (So by the morning it became like As-Sarim.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Like the dark night." Ath-Thawri and As-Suddi both said, "Like the crop when it is harvested withered and dry." فَتَنَادَوْاْ مُصْبِحِينَ (Then they called out (one to another as soon) as the morning broke.) meaning, when it was (early) morning time they called each other so that they could go together to pick the harvest or cut it (its fruits). Then Allah said, أَنِ اغْدُواْ عَلَى حَرْثِكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـرِمِينَ ((Saying:) "Go to your tilth in the morning, if you would pluck (the fruits).") meaning, `if you want to pluck your harvest fruit.' فَانطَلَقُواْ وَهُمْ يَتَخَـفَتُونَ (So they departed, and they were whispering:) meaning, they spoke privately about what they were doing so that no one could hear what they were saying. Then Allah, the All-Knower of secrets and private discussions, explained what they were saying in private. He said, فَانطَلَقُواْ وَهُمْ يَتَخَـفَتُونَ - أَن لاَّ يَدْخُلَنَّهَا الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِّسْكِينٌ (So they departed, and they were whispering: "No poor person shall enter upon you into it today.") meaning, some of them said to others, "Do not allow any poor person to enter upon you in it (the garden) today." Allah then said, وَغَدَوْاْ عَلَى حَرْدٍ (And they went in the morning with Hard) meaning, with strength and power. قَـدِرِينَ (Qadirin) meaning, they thought they had power to do what they claimed and what they were desiring. فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهَا قَالُواْ إِنَّا لَضَآلُّونَ (But when they saw it, they said: "Verily, we have gone astray.") meaning, when they arrived at it and came upon it, and it was in the condition which Allah changed from that luster, brilliance and abundance of fruit, to being black, gloomy and void of any benefit. They believed that they had been mistaken in the path they took in walking to it. This is why they said, إِنَّا لَضَآلُّونَ (Verily, we have gone astray.) meaning, `we have walked down a path other than the one we were seeking to reach it.' This was said by Ibn `Abbas and others. Then they changed their minds and realized with certainty that it was actually the correct path. Then they said, بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ (Nay! Indeed we are deprived (of the fruits)!) meaning, `nay, this is it, but we have no portion and no share (of harvest).' قَالَ أَوْسَطُهُمْ (The Awsat among them said,) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah all said, "This means the most just of them and the best of them." أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَّكُمْ لَوْلاَ تُسَبِّحُونَ (Did I not tell you, `Why do you not Tusabbihun') Mujahid, As-Suddi and Ibn Jurayj all said that, لَوْلاَ تُسَبِّحُونَ (Why do you not Tusabbihun) this means "why do you not say, `If Allah wills"' As-Suddi said, "Their making exception due to the will of Allah in that time was by glorifying Allah (Tasbih)." Ibn Jarir said, "It is a person's saying, `If Allah wills."' It has also been said that it means that the best of them said to them, "Did I not tell you, why don't you glorify Allah and thank Him for what He has given you and favored you with" قَالُواْ سُبْحَـنَ رَبِّنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَـلِمِينَ (They said: "Glory to Our Lord! Verily, we have been wrongdoers.") They became obedient when it was of no benefit to them, and they were remorseful and confessed when it was not of any use. Then they said, إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَـلِمِينَفَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَتَلَـوَمُونَ ("...Verily, we have been wrongdoers." Then they turned one against another, blaming.) meaning, they started blaming each other for what they had resolved to do, preventing the poor people from receiving their right of the harvested fruit. Thus, their response to each other was only to confess their error and sin. قَالُواْ يوَيْلَنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا طَـغِينَ (They said: "Woe to us! Verily, we were Taghin.") meaning, `we have transgressed, trespassed, violated and exceeded the bounds until what this happened to us.' عَسَى رَبُّنَآ أَن يُبْدِلَنَا خَيْراً مِّنْهَآ إِنَّآ إِلَى رَبِّنَا رَغِبُونَ (We hope that our Lord will give us in exchange better than it. Truly, we hope in our Lord.) It has been said, "They were hoping for something better in exchange in this life." It has also been said, "They were hoping for its reward in the abode of the Hereafter." And Allah knows best. Some of the Salaf mentioned that these people were from Yemen. Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "They were from a village that was called Darawan which was six miles from San`a' (in Yemen). " It has also been said, "They were from the people of Ethiopia whose father had left them this garden, and they were from the People of the Book. Their father used to handle the garden in a good way. Whatever he reaped from it he would put it back into the garden as it needed, and he would save some of it as food for his dependants for the year, and he would give away the excess in charity. Then, when he died, and his children inherited the garden they said, `Verily, our father was foolish for giving some of this garden's harvest to the poor. If we prevent them from it, then we will have more.' So when they made up their minds to do this they were punished with what was contrary to their plan. Allah took away all of what they possessed of wealth, gain and charity. Nothing remained for them." Allah then says, كَذَلِكَ الْعَذَابُ (Such is the punishment,) meaning, such is the punishment of whoever opposes the command of Allah, is stingy with what Allah has given him and favored him with, withholds the right of the poor and needy, and responds to Allah's blessings upon him with ungratefulness (or disbelief). وَلَعَذَابُ الاٌّخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ لَوْ كَانُواْ يَعْلَمُونَ (but truly, the punishment of the Hereafter is greater if they but knew.) meaning, this is the punishment in this life, as you have heard, and the punishment of the Hereafter is even harder.