The Ascending Stairways, The Ladders — Verse 13

and his kin his clan expressed as fasīla because he is a detached part fasl of it that had sheltered him embraced him

يرونهم ويعرفونهم، ولا يستطيع أحد أن ينفع أحدًا. يتمنى الكافر لو يفدي نفسه من عذاب يوم القيامة بأبنائه، وزوجه وأخيه، وعشيرته التي تضمه وينتمي إليها في القرابة، وبجميع مَن في الأرض مِنَ البشر وغيرهم، ثم ينجو من عذاب الله.

أي عشيرته.

( وَفَصِيلَتِهِ التي تُؤْوِيهِ ) أى : ويود كذلك أن ينقذ نفسه ، من العذاب بأقرب الأقرباء إليه . وهم أهله وعشيرته التى ينتسب إليها ، إذا الفصيلة هم الأقرباء الأدنون من القبيلة ، والذين هو واحد منهم .ومعنى ( تُؤْوِيهِ ) تضمه إليها ، وتعتبره فردا منها ، وتدافع عنه بكل وسيلة .

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: (وَصَاحِبَتِهِ وَأَخِيهِ) الأحبّ فالأحبّ، والأقرب فالأقرب من أهله وعشيرته لشدائد ذلك اليوم.حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: (وَفَصِيلَتِهِ الَّتِي تُؤْوِيهِ ) قال: قبيلته.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد، في قوله: (وَصَاحِبَتِهِ ) قال: الصاحبة الزوجة، (وَفَصِيلَتِهِ الَّتِي تُؤْوِيهِ ) قال: فصيلته: عشيرته.

"وفصيلته"، عشيرته التي فصل منهم. وقال مجاهد: قبيلته. وقال غيره: أقرباؤه الأقربون، "التي تؤويه"، أي التي تضمه ويأوي إليها.

وَفَصِيلَتِهِ الَّتِي تُؤْوِيهِ (13) والفصيلة : الأقرباء الأدْنَوْن من القبيلة ، وهم الأقرباء المفصول مِنهم ، أي المستخرج منهم ، فشملت الآباء والأمهاتتِ قال ابن العربي : قال أشهب : سألتُ مالكاً عن قول الله تعالى : { وفصيلته التي تؤويه } فقال هي أمه اه ، أي ويفهم منها الأب بطريق لحن الخطاب فيكون قد استوفى ذكر أقرب القرابة بالصراحة والمفهوم ، وأمّا على التفسير المشهور فالفصيلة دلت على الآباء باللفظ وتستفاد الأمهات بدلالة لحن الخطاب .وقد رتبت الأقرباء على حسب شدة الميْل الطبيعي إليهم في العرف الغالب لأن الميل الطبيعي ينشأ عن الملازمة وكثرة المخالطة .ولم يذكر الأبوان لدخولهما في الفصيلة قصداً للإِيجاز .والايواء : الضم والانحياز . قال تعالى : { ءاوَى إليه أخاه } [ يوسف : 69 ] وقال : { سآوي إلى جبل } [ هود : 43 ] .و { التي تؤويه : } إن كانت القبيلةَ ، فالإِيواء مجاز في الحماية والنصر ، أي ومع ذلك يفتدي بها لعلمه بأنها لا تغني عنه شيئاً يومئذٍ .وإن كانت الأمَّ فالإِيواء على حقيقته باعتبار الماضي ، وصيغة المضارع لاستحضار الحالة كقوله : { الله الذي أرسل الرياح فتثير سحاباً } [ الروم : 48 ] أي يودّ لو يفتدي بأمه ، مع شدة تعلق نفسه بها إذ كانت تؤويه ، فإيثار لفظ فصيلته وفعل تؤويه هنا من إيجاز القرآن وإعجازه ليشمل هذه المعاني .{ ومن في الأرض جميعاً } عطف على { بنِيه } ، أي ويفتدي بمن في الأرض ، أي ومن له في الأرض مما يعزّ عليه من أخلاء وقرابة ونفائس الأموال مما شأن الناس الشح ببذله والرغبة في استبقائه على نحو قوله تعالى :{ فلن يقبل من أحدهم مِلْءُ الأرض ذهباً ولو افتدى به } [ آل عمران : 91 ] .و { مَن } الموصولة لتغليب العاقل على غيره لأن منهم الأخلاء .

[وَفَصِيلَتِهِ } أي: قرابته { الَّتِي تُؤْوِيهِ } أي: التي جرت عادتها في الدنيا أن تتناصر ويعين بعضها بعضا، ففي يوم القيامة، لا ينفع أحد أحدا، ولا يشفع أحد إلا بإذن الله.

وفصيلته أي عشيرته .التي تؤويه تنصره ; قاله مجاهد وابن زيد . وقال مالك : أمه التي تربيه . حكاه الماوردي ورواه عنه أشهب . وقال أبو عبيدة : الفصيلة دون القبيلة . وقال ثعلب : هم آباؤه الأدنون . وقال المبرد : الفصيلة القطعة من أعضاء الجسد ، وهي دون القبيلة . وسميت عترة الرجل فصيلته تشبيها بالبعض منه . وقد مضى في سورة " الحجرات " القول في القبيلة وغيرها . وهنا مسألة ، وهي : إذا حبس على فصيلته أو أوصى لها فمن ادعى العموم حمله على العشيرة ، ومن ادعى الخصوص حمله على الآباء ; الأدنى فالأدنى . والأول أكثر في النطق ، والله أعلم . ومعنى : تؤويه تضمه وتؤمنه من خوف إن كان به .

The scenes of Doomsday cannot either be revealed in reality or truly described in the present world. However, in the Quran, these have been allegorically conveyed by allusions and examples, so that man should have a brief idea of their significance. When Doomsday arrives, it will be so terrible that man will forget this relations and the interests to which he gives the utmost importance today and for which he ignores the Truth.

وَلَا يَسْأَلُ حَمِيمٌ حَمِيمًا يُبَصَّرُ‌ونَهُمْ (and no friend will ask about any friend, (though) they will be made to see each other....70:10, 11). The word hamim means a 'sincere friend'. The context describes the horrors of the Day of Resurrection. On that Day, no bosom friend will inquire about his friend - let alone helping him. This is not because they will not be able to see each other. The Divine power, in fact, will make them see each other. Every person will be in a state of 'each for himself. No person will be able to pay heed to the comfort or discomfort, pleasure or pain of others.

(And his kin) and his clan and relatives (that harboured him) to whom he belongs

Terrors of the Day of Judgement Allah says that the torment will befall the disbelievers. يَوْمَ تَكُونُ السَّمَآءُ كَالْمُهْلِ (The Day that the sky will be like the Al-Muhl.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ata, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and others have all said, "Like the residue of oil." وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ (And the mountains will be like `Ihn.) meaning, like fluffed wool. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah and As-Suddi. This Ayah is similar to Allah's statement, وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ الْمَنفُوشِ (And the mountains will be like carded wool.) (101:5) Concerning Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَسْـَلُ حَمِيمٌ حَمِيماً يُبَصَّرُونَهُمْ (And no friend will ask a friend, though they shall be made to see one another.) Meaning, no close friend will ask his close friend about his condition while he sees him in the worst of conditions. He will be worried about himself and will not be able to think of others. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Some of them will know others and they will be acquainted with each other. Then, they will flee from each other after that, as Allah says, لِكُلِّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ (Every man that Day will have enough to make him careless of others.)" (80:37) This honorable Ayah is similar to Allah's statement, يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمْ وَاخْشَوْاْ يَوْماً لاَّ يَجْزِى وَالِدٌ عَن وَلَدِهِ وَلاَ مَوْلُودٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَن وَالِدِهِ شَيْئاً إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, and fear a Day when no father can avail aught for his son, and nor a son avail aught for his father. Verily the promise of Allah is true.) (31:33) and He also says, وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى (And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.) (35:18) and He says, فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِى الصُّورِ فَلاَ أَنسَـبَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلاَ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ (Then, when the Trumpet is blown, there will be no kinship among them that Day, nor will they ask of one another.) (23:101) and similarly He says, يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ الْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ - وَأُمِّهِ وَأَبِيهِ - وَصَـحِبَتِهُ وَبَنِيهِ - لِكُلِّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ (That day shall a man flee fom his brother, and from his mother and his father, and from his wife and his children. Every man that Day will have enough to make him careless of others.) (80:34-37) Then Allah's saying here يُبَصَّرُونَهُمْ يَوَدُّ الْمُجْرِمُ لَوْ يَفْتَدِي مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمِئِذٍ بِبَنِيهِ - وَصَـحِبَتِهِ وَأَخِيهِ - وَفَصِيلَتِهِ الَّتِى تُـْوِيهِ - وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ يُنجِيهِ كَلاَّ (the criminal would desire to ransom himself from the punishment of the Day by his children, and his wife and his brother, and his Fasilah (kindred) who sheltered him, and all that are in the earth, so that it might save him. By no means!) means, no ransom will be accepted from him even if he brought all of the people of the earth (as ransom), and the greatest wealth that he could find, even if it was enough gold to fill the entire earth. Even the child that he had who was dearer to him than the last beat of his heart in the life of this world, he would wish to use the child as a ransom for himself against the torment of Allah on the Day of Judgement when he sees the horrors. However, even this child would not be accepted from him (as a ransom). Mujahid and As-Suddi both said, وَفَصِيلَتِهِ (and his Fasilah) "This means his tribe and his kin." `Ikrimah said, "This means the subdivision of his tribe that he is from." Ashhab reported from Malik that he said, "His Fasilah is his mother." Allah said, إِنَّهَا لَظَى (Verily, it will be the fire of Hell,) Here He is describing the Hell- fire and the severity of its heat. نَزَّاعَةً لِّلشَّوَى (Nazza`ah the Shawa!) Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid both said, "It is the skin of the head." Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Thabit Al-Bunani both said, نَزَّاعَةً لِّلشَّوَى (Nazza`ah the Shawa!) "This means respectable parts of the face." Qatadah said, نَزَّاعَةً لِّلشَّوَى (Nazza`ah the Shawa!) "This means removing his important organs, and the respectable parts of his face, his creation and his limbs." Ad-Dahhak said, "This means it will scrape the flesh and the skin off of the bone until it leaves nothing of it remaining." Ibn Zayd said, "The Shawa is the marrow of the bones." As for, نَزَّاعَةً (Nazza`ah) Ibn Zayd said, "It is cutting their bones and transformation of their skins and their form." Concerning Allah's statement, تَدْعُواْ مَنْ أَدْبَرَ وَتَوَلَّى - وَجَمَعَ فَأَوْعَى (Calling (all) such as turn their backs and turn away their faces. And collect and hide it.) meaning, the Fire will call out to its children whom Allah created for it, determining that they will perform the deeds deserving of it in the worldly life. So it will call them on the Day of Judgement with an eloquent and articulate tongue. Then it will pick them out from the people of the gathering just as birds pick seeds. This is because they were, as Allah said, of those who turned their backs and turned away. This means they denied with their hearts and abandoned the performance of deeds with their limbs. وَجَمَعَ فَأَوْعَى (And collect and hide it.) meaning, he gathered wealth piling it up, and he concealed it, meaning he hid it and refused to give the obligatory right of Allah that was due on it of spending and paying the Zakah. It has been recorded in a Hadith that the Prophet said, «لَا تُوعِي فَيُوعِيَ اللهُ عَلَيْك» (Do not hold back (your wealth) or else Allah will hold back from you.)