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ٱلَّذِینَ هُمۡ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمۡ دَاۤىِٕمُونَ ۝٢٣
alladhīna hum ʿalā ṣalātihim dāimūn
The Ascending Stairways, The Ladders / al-Ma`arij (70:23)
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Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

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and are constant in their prayers
alladhīna hum ʿalā ṣalātihim dāimūn

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Tafsir Commentary

those who maintain those who regularly observe their prayers
إن الإنسان جُبِلَ على الجزع وشدة الحرص، إذا أصابه المكروه والعسر فهو كثير الجزع والأسى، وإذا أصابه الخير واليسر فهو كثير المنع والإمساك، إلا المقيمين للصلاة الذين يحافظون على أدائها في جميع الأوقات، ولا يَشْغَلهم عنها شاغل، والذين في أموالهم نصيب معيَّن فرضه الله عليهم، وهو الزكاة لمن يسألهم المعونة، ولمن يتعفف عن سؤالها، والذين يؤمنون بيوم الحساب والجزاء فيستعدون له بالأعمال الصالحة، والذين هم خائفون من عذاب الله. إن عذاب ربهم لا ينبغي أن يأمنه أحد. والذين هم حافظون لفروجهم عن كل ما حرَّم الله عليهم، إلا على أزواجهم وإمائهم، فإنهم غير مؤاخذين.
أي على مواقيتها. وقال عقبة بن عامر: هم الذين إذا صلوا لم يلتفتوا يمينا ولا شمالا. والدائم الساكن, ومنه: نهي عن البول فى الماء الدائم, أي الساكن. وقال ابن جريج والحسن: هم الذين يكثرون فعل التطوع منها.
الذين يواظبون على أدائها مواظبة تامة ، دون أن يشغلهم عن أدائها : عسر أو يسر ، أو غنى أو فقر ، أو إقامة أو سفر .فهم ممن قال - سبحانه - فى شأنهم : ( رِجَالٌ لاَّ تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَلاَ بَيْعٌ عَن ذِكْرِ الله وَإِقَامِ الصلاة وَإِيتَآءِ الزكاة يَخَافُونَ يَوْماً تَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهِ القلوب والأبصار ) وقال - سبحانه - : ( على صَلاَتِهِمْ دَآئِمُونَ ) للإِشارة إلى أنهم لا يشغلهم عنها شاغل ، إذ الدوام على الشئ عدم تركه .وفى إضافة " الصلاة " إلى ضمير " المصلين " تنويه بشأنهم ، وإشعار باختصاصها بهم ، إذ هم أصحابها الملازمون لها .
حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن ومؤمل، قالا ثنا سفيان، عن منصور، عن إبراهيم (الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ ) قال: المكتوبة.حدثني زريق بن السخب، قال: ثنا معاوية بن عمرو، قال: ثنا زائدة، عن منصور، عن إبراهيم (الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ ) قال: الصلوات الخمس.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: (إِنَّ الإنْسَانَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعًا ... ) إلى قوله: (دَائِمُونَ ) ذكر لنا أن دانيال نعت أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: يصلون صلاة لو صلاها قوم نوح ما غرقوا، أو عاد ما أُرسلت عليهم الريح العقيم، أو ثمود ما أخذتهم الصيحة، فعليكم بالصلاة فإنها خُلُقٌ للمؤمنين حسن.حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن منصور، عن إبراهيم (عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ ) قال: الصلاة المكتوبة.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: (الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ ) قال: هؤلاء المؤمنون الذين مع النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم على صلاتهم دائمون.قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: أخبرنا حَيْوة، عن يزيد بن أبي حبيب، عن أبي الخير أنه سأل عقبة بن عامر الجُهَنّي، عن: (الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ ) قال: هم الذين إذا صلوا لم يلتفتوا خَلْفَهم، ولا عن أيمانهم، ولا عن شمائلهم.حدثني العباس بن الوليد، قال: أخبرنا أبي، قال: ثنا الأوزاعي، قال: ثني يحيى بن أبي كثير، قال: ثني أبو سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، قال: حدثتني عائشة -زوج النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم- أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " خُذُوا مِنَ العَمَلِ ما تُطِيقُونَ، فإنَّ الله لا يَمَلُّ حَتى تَمَلُّوا " قالت: وكان أحب الأعمال إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما دُووم عليه. قال: يقول أبو سلمة: إن الله يقول: (الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ ).
( الذين هم على صلاتهم دائمون ) يقيمونها في أوقاتها يعني الفرائض .أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي توبة ، حدثنا أبو طاهر محمد بن أحمد بن الحارث ، أخبرنا محمد بن يعقوب الكسائي ، أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمود ، أخبرنا أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن عبد الله الخلال ، حدثنا عبد الله بن المبارك ، عن ابن لهيعة ، حدثني يزيد بن أبي حبيب : أن أبا الخير أخبره قال : سألنا عقبة بن عامر عن قول الله تعالى : " الذين هم على صلاتهم دائمون " أهم الذين يصلون أبدا ؟ قال : لا ولكنه إذا صلى لم يلتفت عن يمينه ولا عن شماله ولا من خلفه . ( والذين في أموالهم حق معلوم للسائل والمحروم والذين يصدقون بيوم الدين والذين هم من عذاب ربهم مشفقون إن عذاب ربهم غير مأمون والذين هم لفروجهم حافظون إلا على أزواجهم أو ما ملكت أيمانهم فإنهم غير ملومين فمن ابتغى وراء ذلك فأولئك هم العادون والذين هم لأماناتهم وعهدهم راعون والذين هم بشهاداتهم قائمون ) قرأ حفص عن عاصم ويعقوب : " بشهاداتهم " على الجمع ، وقرأ الآخرون [ بشهاداتهم ] [ على التوحيد ] ( قائمون ) أي يقومون فيها بالحق أو لا يكتمونها ولا يغيرونها .
الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ (23) وإعادة اسم الموصول مع الصِّلات المعطوفة على قوله { الذين هم على صلاتهم دائمون } لمزيد العناية بأصحاب تلك الصِّلات .وتسمية ما يعطونه من أموالهم من الصدقات باسم { حق } للإِشارة إلى أنهم جعلوا السائل والمحروم كالشركاء لهم في أموالهم من فرط رغبتهم في مواساة إخوانهم إذ لم تكن الصدقة يومئذٍ واجبة ولم تكن الزكاة قد فرضت .ومعنى كون الحق معلوماً أنه يعلمه كل واحد منهم ويحسبونه ، ويعلمه السائل والمحروم بما اعتاد منهم .ومجيء الصلة جملة اسمية لإِفادة ثبات هذه الخصلة فيهم وتمكنها منهم دفعاً لتوهم الشح في بعض الأحيان لما هو معروف بين غالب الناس من معاودة الشحّ للنفوس .
وقوله [في وصفهم] { الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ } أي: مداومون عليها في أوقاتها بشروطها ومكملاتها.وليسوا كمن لا يفعلها، أو يفعلها وقتا دون وقت، أو يفعلها على وجه ناقص.
الذين هم على صلاتهم دائمون أي على مواقيتها . وقال عقبة بن عامر : هم الذين إذا صلوا لم يلتفتوا يمينا ولا شمالا . والدائم الساكن ، ومنه : نهي عن البول في الماء الدائم ، أي الساكن . وقال ابن جريج والحسن : هم الذين يكثرون فعل التطوع منها .
These verses give a brief description of the qualities of two types of human beings: those who will be treated as entitled to enter Paradise and those whose deeds will cause them to be thrown into Hell on Doomsday.
إِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ‌ جَزُوعًا وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الْخَيْرُ‌ مَنُوعًا (very upset when touched by evil, and very niggard when visited by good (fortune)... 70:20-21). This verse describes the fickle nature of man. When bad things happen to him he becomes desperate and upset, and loses patience. When good things come to him, such as wealth and comfort, he becomes begrudging and miserly in spending his wealth for good causes. 'Impatience', in this context, signifies 'that which is outside the limits of Shari` ah'. 'Niggard', in this context, signifies 'failing to fulfill pecuniary obligations imposed by the Shari'ah' as explained previously. The verses that follow make an exception of the righteous believers to the characteristics of the general body of human beings. This exception starts from إِلَّا الْمُصَلِّينَ (except the performers of salah...70:22) and ends at عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ (regular in their salah.... 70:23) The first exception is expressed with the words 'the performers of salah' [ 22]. Obviously, it means the believers, but referring to them as 'performers of salah' indicates that 'salah' is the greatest sign and the essential characteristic of a believer. In fact, the only people worthy of the name 'believers' are 'the performers of salah'. The following verses describe the qualities of the performers of salah. الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ (who are regular in their salah...70:23). This means that the entire salah needs to be performed with due concentration. Imam Baghawi, on the basis of his own chain of narrators, transmits a narration on the authority of Abul-Khair that they asked Sayyidna 'Uqbah Ibn ` Amir ؓ about the meaning of this verse (23) whether it implies that they perform their salah constantly and always without any break or non-stop, he replied that is not its meaning. It means they, from the outset to the end, perform it with due concentration - without an intentional deviation This is similar to the verse 2 of Surah Mu'minun: الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ 'who are concentrative in their salah [ 23:2] ' Thus Verse 23 describes the quality of Khushu' ('humbleness) while Verse 34 وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ (and those who take due care of their salah) speaks of those who regularly offer it on its due time and take care of its general etiquette. Thus it may not be surmised that the subject-matter has been repeated. The qualities of the righteous believers given in forthcoming verses are almost the same as those given in Surah Al- Mu'minun.
Allah then explained the traits of the latter, saying: (Who are constant at their worship) they constantly perform their prescribed daily prayers, whether it is at night or in the day, and they never fail to perform them.
Man is Impatient Allah informs about man and his inclination to corrupt his behavior. Allah says, إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعاً (Verily, man was created very impatient;) Then, Allah explains this statement by saying, إِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ جَزُوعاً (Apprehensive when evil touches him;) meaning, whenever any harm touches him he is frightful, worried and completely taken back due to the severity of his terror and his despair that he will receive any good after it. وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الْخَيْرُ مَنُوعاً (And suppressive when good touches him.) meaning, if he attains any blessing from Allah, he is stingy with it, not sharing it with others. He will withhold the right of Allah with that blessing. Imam Ahmad said that Abu `Abdur-Rahman informed them that Musa bin `Ali bin Rabah told them that he heard his father narrating from `Abdul-`Aziz bin Marwan bin Al-Hakim that he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «شَرُّ مَا فِي رَجُلٍ: شُحٌّ هَالِعٌ وَجُبْنٌ خَالِع» (The worst thing that can be in a man is greedy impatience and unrestrained cowardice.) Abu Dawud recorded this Hadith from `Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah on the authority of Abu `Abdur-Rahman Al-Muqri', and this is the only Hadith through `Abdul-`Aziz with him. The Exclusion of Those Who pray from what has preceded and an Explanation of Their Deeds and Their P Then Allah says, إِلاَّ الْمُصَلِّينَ (Except those who are devoted to Salah.) meaning, man is described with blameworthy characteristics except for He whom Allah protects, helps and guides to good, making its means easy for him -- and these are those people who perform Salah. الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِمْ دَآئِمُونَ (Those who with their Salah are Da'imun;) It has been said that this means they guard its times and the elements obligatory in it. This has been said by Ibn Mas`ud, Masruq and Ibrahim An-Nakha`i. It has also been said that it means tranquility and humble concentration (in the prayer). This is similar to Allah's statement, قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ - الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى صَلاَتِهِمْ خَـشِعُونَ (Successful indeed are the believers. Those who with their Salah are Khashi`un.) (23:1-2) This was said by `Uqbah bin `Amir. From its meanings is the same terminology used to describe standing (still) water (Al-Ma' Ad-Da'im). This proves the obligation of having tranquility in the prayer. For verily, the one who does not have tranquility (stillness of posture) in his bowing and prostrating, then he is not being constant (Da'im) in his prayer. This is because he is not being still in it and he does not remain (in its positions), rather he pecks in it (quickly) like the pecking of the crow. Therefore, he is not successful in performing his prayer. It has also been said that the meaning here refers to those who perform a deed and are constant in its performance and consistent in it. This is like the Hadith that has been recorded in the Sahih on the authority of `A'ishah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللهِ أَدْوَمُهَا وَإِنْ قَل» (The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are most consistent, even if they are few.) Then Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ فِى أَمْوَلِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَّعْلُومٌ - لِّلسَّآئِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ (And those in whose wealth there is a recognized right. For the one who asks, and for the deprived.) meaning, in their wealth is a determined portion for those who are in need. Concerning Allah's statement, وَالَّذِينَ يُصَدِّقُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ (And those who believe in the Day of Recompense.) meaning, they are sure of the Final Return (to Allah), the Reckoning and the Recompense. Therefore, they perform the deeds of one who hopes for the reward and fears the punishment. For this reason Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ هُم مِّنْ عَذَابِ رَبِّهِم مُّشْفِقُونَ (And those who fear the torment of their Lord. ) meaning, they are fearful and dreadful. إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّهِمْ غَيْرُ مَأْمُونٍ (Verily, the torment of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure.) meaning, no one is safe from it (Allah's torment) of those who understand the command from Allah, except by the security of Allah Himself. Then Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَـفِظُونَ (And those who guard their private part (chastity).) meaning, they keep their private parts away from that which is forbidden and they prevent their private parts from being put into other than what Allah has allowed them to be in. This is why Allah says, إِلاَّ عَلَى أَزْوَجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُهُمْ (Except from their wives or their right hand possessions) meaning, from their female slaves. إِلاَّ عَلَى أَزْوَجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ - فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى وَرَآءَ ذلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ (for (then) they are not blameworthy. But whosoever seeks beyond that, then it is those who are trespassers.) The explanation of this has already preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Mu'minun, and therefore does not need to be repeated here. Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لاًّمَـنَـتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَعُونَ (And those who keep their trusts and covenants.) meaning, if they are given a trust they do not deceit and when they make a covenant they do not break it. These are the characteristics of the believers which are opposite of the characteristics of the hypocrites. This is like what is reported in the authentic Hadith, «آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَان» (The signs of the hypocrites are three. When he speaks he lies, when he promises he breaks his promise, and when he is given a trust he behaves treacherously (with it).) In another narration it states, «إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَر» (When he speaks he lies, when he makes a covenant he breaks it, and when he argues he is abusive.) Concerning Allah's statement, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِشَهَـدَتِهِم قَائِمُونَ (And those who stand firm in their testimonies.) This means that they guard their testimonies. They do not add or decrease from what they testify to nor do they conceal their testimonies. Allah says in another Ayah, وَمَن يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ ءَاثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ (Who hides it, surely, his heart is sinful.) (2:283) Then Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ (And those who are with their Salah, Yuhafizun.) meaning, they maintain its proper times, its pillars, its obligations and its recommended acts. So Allah begins this discussion (of the believers' attributes) with prayer and He concludes it with prayer. This proves the importance of it and the praise of its noble status, just as what preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Mu'minun. It is exactly the same discussion. This is why Allah says there (in Al-Mu'minun), أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْوَرِثُونَ - الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ (These are indeed the inheritors. Who shall inherit the Firdaws (Paradise). They shall dwell therein forever.) (23:10-11) And He says here, أُوْلَـئِكَ فِى جَنَّـتٍ مُّكْرَمُونَ (Such shall dwell in the Gardens, honored.) meaning, they will be honored with various types of pleasures and delights. فَمَالِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ قِبَلَكَ مُهْطِعِينَ - عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ - أَيَطْمَعُ كُلُّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُدْخَلَ جَنَّةَ نَعِيمٍ - كَلاَّ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـهُم مِّمَّا يَعْلَمُونَ