The Rising of the Dead, Resurrection — Verse 15

though he should offer his excuses ma‘ādhīr is the plural of ma‘dhira but following a different pattern from the usual ma‘dhira ma‘ādhir that is to say whatever excuse he offers will not be accepted from him.

بل الإنسان حجة واضحة على نفسه تلزمه بما فعل أو ترك، ولو جاء بكل معذرة يعتذر بها عن إجرامه، فإنه لا ينفعه ذلك.

وقال مجاهد "ولو ألقى معاذيره" ولو جادل عنها فهو بصير عليها وقال قتادة "ولو ألقى معاذيره" ولو اعتذر يومئذ بباطل لا يقبل منه وقال السدى "ولو ألقى معاذيره" حجته وكذا قال ابن زيد والحسن البصري وغيرهم واختاره ابن جرير وقال قتادة عن زرارة عن ابن عباس "ولو ألقى معاذيره" يقول لو ألقى بهتانه وقال الضحاك ولو ألقى ستوره وأهل اليمن يسمون الستر العذار والصحيح قول مجاهد وأصحابه كقوله تعالى "ثم لم تكن فتنتهم إلا أن قالوا والله ربنا ما كنا مشركين" وكقوله تعالى "يوم يبعثهم الله جميعا فيحلفون له كما يحلفون لكم ويحسبون أنهم على شيء ألا إنهم هم الكاذبون" وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس "ولو ألقى معاذيره" هى الإعتذار ألم تسمع أنه قال "لا ينفع الظالمين معذرتهم" وقال "وألقوا إلى الله يومئذ السلم ما كنا نعمل من سوء" وقولهم "والله ربنا ما كنا مشركين".

( وَلَوْ ألقى مَعَاذِيرَهُ ) أى : ولو جاء بكل معذرة يعتذر بها عن نفسه ويجادل عنها .وعن الضحاك : ولو أرخى ستوره ، وقال : المعاذير : الستور ، واحدها معذار ، فإن صح فلأنه يمنع رؤية المحتجب ، كما تمنع المعذرة عقوبة المذنب .فإن قلت : أليس قياس المعذرة أن تجمع لا معاذير؟ قلت : المعاذير ليس بجمع معذرة ، إنما هو اسم جمع لها .ونحوه : المناكير فى المنكر .فالمقصود بهاتين الآيتين : بيان أن الإِنسان لن يستطيع أن يهرب من نتائج عمله مهما حاول ذلك ، لأن جوارحه شاهدة عليه ، ولأن أعذاره لن تكون مقبولة ، لأنها جاءت فى غير وقتها ، كما قال - تعالى - : ( لاَ تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ . إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ . فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فاتبع قُرْآنَهُ . ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ ) .

وقوله: ( بَلِ الإنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: بل للإنسان على نفسه من نفسه رقباء يرقبونه بعمله، ويشهدون عليه به.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( بَلِ الإنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ ) يقول: سمعه وبصره ويداه ورجلاه وجوارحهوالبصيرة على هذا التأويل ما ذكره ابن عباس من جوارح ابن آدم وهي مرفوعة بقوله: ( عَلَى نَفْسِهِ ) ، والإنسان مرفوع بالعائد من ذكره في قوله: نفسه.وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: بل الإنسان شاهد على نفسه وحده، ومن قال هذا القول جعل البصيرة خبرًا للإنسان، ورفع الإنسان بها.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( بَلِ الإنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ ) يقول: الإنسان شاهد على نفسه وحده.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، قوله: ( بَلِ الإنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ ) قال: شاهد عليها بعملها.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( بَلِ الإنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ ) إذا شئت والله رأيته بصيرا بعيوب الناس وذنوبهم، غافلا عن ذنوبه؛ قال: وكان يقال: إن في الإنجيل مكتوبا: يا ابن آدم تبصر القذاة في عين أخيك، ولا تبصر الجذع المعترض في عينك.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( بَلِ الإنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ ) قال: هو شاهد على نفسه، وقرأ: اقْرَأْ كِتَابَكَ كَفَى بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيبًا ومن قال هذه المقالة يقول: أدخلت الهاء في قوله ( بَصِيرَةٌ ) وهي خبر للإنسان، كما يقال للرجل: أنت حجة على نفسك، وهذا قول بعض نحويِّي البصرة. وكان بعضهم يقول: أدخلت هذه الهاء في بصيرة وهي صفة للذكر، كما أدخلت في راوية وعلامة.

( ولو ألقى معاذيره ) يعني يشهد عليه الشاهد ولو اعتذر وجادل عن نفسه لم ينفعه ، كما قال تعالى : " يوم لا ينفع الظالمين معذرتهم " ( غافر - 52 ) وهذا قول مجاهد وقتادة وسعيد بن جبير وابن زيد وعطاء : قال الفراء : ولو اعتذر فعليه من نفسه من يكذب عذره ومعنى الإلقاء : القول ، كما قال : فألقوا إليهم القول إنكم لكاذبون ( النحل - 86 ) . وقال الضحاك والسدي : " ولو ألقى معاذيره " يعني : ولو أرخى الستور وأغلق الأبواب . وأهل اليمن يسمون الستر : معذارا ، وجمعه : معاذير ، ومعناه على هذا القول : وإن أسبل الستر ليخفي ما يعمل ، فإن نفسه شاهدة عليه .

وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ (15){ لو } هذه وَصْلِيَّةٌ كما تقدم عند قوله تعالى : { فلن يقبل من أحدهم مِلْءُ الأرض ذهباً ولو افتدى به } في آل عمران ( 91 ) . والمعنى : هو بصيرة على نفسه حتى في حال إلقائه معاذيره .والإِلقاء : مراد به الإِخبار الصريح على وجه الاستعارة ، وقد تقدم عند قوله تعالى : { فألْقَوا إليهم القول إنكم لكاذبون } في سورة النحل ( 86 ) .والمعاذير : اسم جمع مَعذرة ، وليس جمعاً لأن معذرة حقه أن يُجمع على معَاذر ، ومثل المعاذير قولهم : المناكير ، اسم جمع مُنْكَر . وعن الضحاك : أن معاذير هُنا جمع مِعْذار بكسر الميم وهو السِتر بلغة اليمن يكون الإِلقاء مستعملاً في المعنى الحقيقي ، أي الإِرخاء ، وتكون الاستعارة في المعاذير بتشبيه جحد الذنوب كذباً بإلقاء الستر على الأمر المراد حجبه .والمعنى : أن الكافر يعلم يومئذٍ أعماله التي استحق العقاب عليها ويحاول أن يعتذر وهو يعلم أن لا عذر له ولو أفصح عن جميع معاذيره .ومعاذيره } : جمع معرف بالإِضافة يدل على العموم . فمن هذه المعاذير قولهم : { رب ارجعون لعليَ أعْمَلُ صالحاً فيما تركتُ } [ المؤمنون : 99 ، 100 ] ومنها قولهم : { ما جاءَنا من بشير } [ المائدة : 19 ] وقولهم : { هؤلاء أضَلونا } [ الأعراف : 38 ] ونحو ذلك من المعاذير الكاذبة .

{ وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ } فإنها معاذير لا تقبل، ولا تقابل ما يقرر به العبد ، فيقر به، كما قال تعالى: { اقْرَأْ كِتَابَكَ كَفَى بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيبًا } . فالعبد وإن أنكر، أو اعتذر عما عمله، فإنكاره واعتذاره لا يفيدانه شيئا، لأنه يشهد عليه سمعه وبصره، وجميع جوارحه بما كان يعمل، ولأن استعتابه قد ذهب وقته وزال نفعه: { فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يُسْتَعْتَبُونَ }

قوله تعالى : ولو ألقى معاذيره ومعناه لو اعتذر بعد الإقرار لم يقبل منه . وقد اختلف العلماء فيمن رجع بعدما أقر في الحدود التي هي خالص حق الله ; فقال أكثرهم منهم الشافعي وأبو حنيفة : يقبل رجوعه بعد الإقرار . وقال به مالك في أحد قوليه ، وقال في القول الآخر : لا يقبل إلا أن يذكر لرجوعه وجها صحيحا .والصحيح جواز الرجوع مطلقا ; لما روى الأئمة منهم البخاري ومسلم أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - رد المقر بالزنا مرارا أربعا كل مرة يعرض عنه ، ولما شهد على نفسه أربع مرات دعاه النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وقال : " أبك جنون ؟ " قال : لا . قال : " أحصنت ؟ " قال : نعم . وفي حديث البخاري : " لعلك قبلت أو غمزت أو نظرت " . وفي [ ص: 95 ] النسائي وأبي داود : حتى قال له في الخامسة " أجامعتها ؟ " قال : نعم . قال : " حتى غاب ذلك منك في ذلك منها " قال : نعم . قال : " كما يغيب المرود في المكحلة والرشاء في البئر " . قال : نعم . ثم قال : " هل تدري ما الزنا " قال : نعم ، أتيت منها حراما مثل ما يأتي الرجل من أهله حلالا . قال : " فما تريد مني ؟ قال : أريد أن تطهرني . قال : فأمر به فرجم . قال الترمذي وأبو داود : فلما وجد مس الحجارة فر يشتد ، فضربه رجل بلحي جمل ، وضربه الناس حتى مات . فقال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " هلا تركتموه " وقال أبو داود والنسائي : ليتثبت رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ، فأما لترك حد فلا . وهذا كله طريق للرجوع وتصريح بقبوله . وفي قوله - عليه السلام - : " لعلك قبلت أو غمزت " إشارة إلى قول مالك : إنه يقبل رجوعه إذا ذكر وجها .وهذا في الحر المالك لأمر نفسه ، فأما العبد فإن إقراره لا يخلو من أحد قسمين : إما أن يقر على بدنه ، أو على ما في يده وذمته ; فإن أقر على ما في بدنه فيما فيه عقوبة من القتل فما دونه نفذ ذلك عليه .وقال محمد بن الحسن : لا يقبل ذلك منه ; لأن بدنه مستغرق لحق السيد ، وفي إقراره إتلاف حقوق السيد في بدنه ; ودليلنا قوله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : من أصاب من هذه القاذورات شيئا فليستتر بستر الله ، فإن من يبد لنا صفحته نقم عليه الحد . المعنى أن محل العقوبة أصل الخلقة ، وهي الدمية في الآدمية ، ولا حق للسيد فيها ، وإنما حقه في الوصف والتبع ، وهي المالية الطارئة عليه ; ألا ترى أنه لو أقر بمال لم يقبل ، حتى قال أبو حنيفة : إنه لو قال سرقت هذه السلعة أنه لم تقطع يده ويأخذها المقر له .وقال علماؤنا : السلعة للسيد ويتبع العبد بقيمتها إذا عتق ; لأن مال العبد للسيد إجماعا ، فلا يقبل قوله فيه ولا إقراره عليه ، لا سيما [ ص: 96 ] وأبو حنيفة يقول : إن العبد لا ملك له ولا يصح أن يملك ولا يملك ، ونحن وإن قلنا إنه يصح تملكه . ولكن جميع ما في يده لسيده بإجماع على القولين . والله أعلم .

Man has the innate capacity to distinguish between good and evil. By his very nature he wants anyone indulging in evil to be punished and anyone doing righteous deeds to be rewarded. It is this consciousness which is called in the Quran the self-reproaching soul or an-nafs al-lawwamah. This faculty bears testimony at the psychological level to the reality of the world of the Hereafter. If, in spite of this inner testimony, an individual does not fulfill its demands, it means that he negates what he has already accepted.

بَلِ الْاِنْسَانُ عَلٰي نَفْسِهٖ بَصِيْرَةٌ وَّلَوْ اَلْقٰى مَعَاذِيْرَهٗ (Rather, man will be a witness against himself, even though he may offer his excuses....75:14-15). One meaning of the words bash and basirah is 'to see'. Another meaning of basirah is 'evidence', as for instance in: قَدْ جَاۗءَكُمْ بَصَاۗىِٕرُ مِنْ رَّبِّكُمْ '...There have come to you evidences 1 from your Lord_[ 6:104] ' In this verse the word basa'ir is the plural of basirah and it means 'evidence, proof, argument or insight'. The word ma` adhir is the plural of mi` dhar meaning, 'excuse'. The verse purports to say that for purposes of following the procedures of fairness and justice, man will be shown each (1). Another meaning of the word is 'insights' according to which we have translated the verse 6:104 in the text. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani) of his deeds on the Plain of Reckoning, although in fact this will not be necessary for him, because every man knows what he does in this world, and he will recall his deeds in the Hereafter, even though he will make excuses. Furthermore, he will see all his good and bad actions on the Plain of Reckoning as the Qur'an says: وَوَجَدُوْا مَا عَمِلُوْا حَاضِرًا And they will find what they did all there_[ 18:49] ' If the word basirah is taken in the sense of 'evidence, or proof, the verse signifies that man will be a clear proof against himself, in spite of any excuses he might offer. However, man fails to realize that in this situation, the limbs of his own body [ his hearing, his sight, his two hands and his two legs ] will testify against him. This is the meaning of the words وَّلَوْ اَلْقٰى مَعَاذِيْرَهٗ 'even though he may offer his excuses. [ 75:15] '. Thus far, there was the description of the conditions and horrors of the Day of Resurrection. The next four verses are a special guidance for the Messenger of Allah to be followed by him at the time of revelation. When Jibra'il Amin descended with a set of verses, the Holy Prophet feared that there might be discrepancy in his listening and reciting it accordingly. His other fear was that he might forget some portion of it, or some word might escape his memory. As a result, when Jibra'il Amin recited a verse, he would exert himself in repeating the words immediately upon hearing them. In this manner, the strain would be multiplied. Allah revealed four verses in which he is advised not to exert himself so strenuously, because the matter has been simplified for him. Allah has taken upon Himself the responsibility of collecting it in his heart, making him recite it and conveying it to the people, thus: لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهٖ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهٖ اِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهٗ وَقُرْاٰنَه ٗ فَاِذَا قَرَاْنٰهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْاٰنَهٗ ([ 0 Prophet,] do not move your tongue [ during revelation ] for [ reciting ] it [ the Qur'an ] so as you receive it in hurry. It is surely undertaken by Us to store it [ in your heart ], and to let it be recited [ by you after revelation is completed ]. Therefore, when it is recited by Us [ through the angel ], follow its recitation [ by concentration of your heart ].. .75:16-18). The word Qur'an here means 'recitation'. In other words, when Jibra'il I recites the Qur'an, you should not recite it along with him, but listen to it attentively. When its recitation is completed, follow its recitation. Here the words 'follow its recitation', by general consensus of the scholars, means 'when Jibra'il I recites, be silent and listen to it.' Muqtadis (those praying behind an Imam) should not recite the Qur'an in salah According to an authentic Hadith, Imam (one who leads a congregational prayer) in prayer is supposed to be followed by mugtadis (those who follow Imam). Therefore, they follow him. When the former bows, the latter must bow; and when he prostrates, the latter must all fall in prostration. In line with this principle, a Hadith in Sahih Muslim adds: 'When he [ the Imam ] recites, be silent and listen.' This explains the function of an Imam. In matters of bowing and prostrating, the followers should do as he does, that is, they should perform the acts of bowing and prostrating along with him. However, following him in the matter of recitation is different. When the Imam recites, the followers should be silent and listen. This is the argument of Imam Abu Hanifah and some other Imams in holding that the mugtadis should not recite when following an Imam in prayer. And Allah knows best!

(Although he tender his excuses) and says: I have not done this and have not said that; it is also said that this means: every soul is aware of the faults of others, ignorant of and oblivious to its own faults.

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Oath about the Final Return on the Day of Resurrection and the Refutation against the Plots It has been mentioned previously on more than one occasion that if the thing that is being sworn about is something that is being negated, then it is permissible to use the word "La" (Nay) before the oath to emphasize the negation. Here, what is being sworn about is the affirmation of the final abode and the refutation against the claim of the ignorant that the resurrection of bodies will not occur. This is why Allah says, لاَ أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ - وَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ (Nay! I swear by the Day of Resurrection. And nay! I swear by An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah.) Qatadah said, "This means, I swear by both of these things." This has also been reported from Ibn `Abbas and Sa`id bin Jubayr. Concerning the Day of Judgement, it is well known what it is. In reference to An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah, Qurrah bin Khalid reported from Al-Hasan Al-Basri that he said about this Ayah, "Verily, by Allah, we think that every believer blames himself. He says (questioning himself), `What did I intend by my statement What did I intend by my eating What did I intend in what I said to myself' However, the sinner proceeds ahead and he does not blame himself." Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa`id bin Jubayr that he said concerning Allah's statement, وَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ (And nay! I swear by An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah) "He criticizes himself in good and bad." Similar has been reported from `Ikrimah. Ibn Abi Najih reported from Mujahid: "He is sorry for what he missed (of good deeds) and he blames himself for it." Allah said; أَيَحْسَبُ الإِنسَـنُ أَلَّن نَّجْمَعَ عِظَامَهُ (Does man think that We shall not assemble his bones) meaning, `on the Day of Judgement does he think that We are not able to return his bones and gather them from their various places' بَلَى قَـدِرِينَ عَلَى أَن نُّسَوِّىَ بَنَانَهُ (Yes, We are able to put together in perfect order the tips of his fingers.) meaning, `does man think that We will not gather his bones Surely, We will gather them and We are quite able to put together his fingertips. This means Our power is suitable to gather (and recreate) them, and if We wished We could surely resurrect him with more than what he originally had. We could make his Banan, which are the tips of his fingers, all equal (in length).' Concerning Allah's statement, بَلْ يُرِيدُ الإِنسَـنُ لِيَفْجُرَ أَمَامَهُ (Nay! Man desires to break out ahead of himself.) Sa`id reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "This means to proceed forward." Mujahid said about, لِيَفْجُرَ أَمَامَهُ (to break out ahead of himself.) "This means that he wants to proceed ahead following his own whims." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "This refers to the disbeliever who denies the Day of Reckoning." Ibn Zayd said the same thing. Thus, Allah says after this, يَسْـَلُ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَـمَةِ (He asks: "When will be this Day of Resurrection") meaning, he says when will the Day of Judgement be His question is only a question of denying its occurrence, and rejecting its existence. This is as Allah says, وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَى هَـذَا الْوَعْدُ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ قُل لَّكُم مِّيعَادُ يَوْمٍ لاَّ تَسْتَـَخِرُونَ عَنْهُ سَاعَةً وَلاَ تَسْتَقْدِمُونَ (And they say: "When is this promise if you are truthful" Say: "The appointment to you is for a Day, which you cannot put back for an hour nor put forward.") (34:29-30) Here Allah says, فَإِذَا بَرِقَ الْبَصَرُ (So, when Bariqa the sight.) Abu `Amr bin Al-`Ala' recited this Ayah as Bariqa with a Kasrah under the letter Ra, which means to be diminished. That which he (Abu `Amr) has said resembles the statement of Allah, لاَ يَرْتَدُّ إِلَيْهِمْ طَرْفُهُمْ (Their gaze returning not towards them.) (14:43) meaning, they will be looking this way and that way in horror. Their gaze will not be able to rest upon anything due to the severity of the terror on that Day. Others recited it as Baraqa with a Fathah over the letter Ra, and its meaning is close to the first recitation (Bariqa). The intent here is that the eyes will be dazzled, humbled, diminished, and humiliated on the Day of Judgement due to the severity of the horrors and the greatness of the matters that they will witness on that Day. Concerning Allah's statement, وَخَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ (And the moon will be eclipsed.) meaning, its light will go away. وَجُمِعَ الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ (And the sun and moon will be joined together.) Mujahid said, "They will be rolled up." In explaining this Ayah, Ibn Zayd recited the following Ayat, إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ - وَإِذَا النُّجُومُ انكَدَرَتْ (When the sun is wound round and its light is lost and is overthrown, and when the stars fall.) (81:1,2) It has been reported from Ibn Mas`ud that he recited the Ayah as, (وَجُمِعَ بَيْنَ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ) (and the sun and the moon will be joined between each other.) Allah said, يَقُولُ الإِنسَـنُ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَيْنَ الْمَفَرُّ (On that Day man will say:"Where (is the refuge) to flee") meaning, the human will see these horrors on the Day of Judgement and he will want to flee. He will say, "Where (is the place) to flee to" This means, where is the escape or refuge Allah then says, كَلاَّ لاَ وَزَرَ - إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ (No! There is no refuge! Unto your Lord will be the place of rest that Day.) Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr and several others of the Salaf said, "There will be no salvation." This Ayah is similar to Allah's statement, مَا لَكُمْ مِّن مَّلْجَأٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِّن نَّكِيرٍ (You will have no refuge on that Day nor there will be for you any denying.) (42:47) meaning, `there will be no place for you to hide.' This is like what Allah says here, لاَ وَزَرَ (There is no refuge.) meaning, `there will be no place for you to seek shelter.' Thus, Allah says, إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ (Unto your Lord will be the place of rest that Day.) meaning, the place of return and the final destination. The Deeds of Man will be placed before Him on the Day of Judgement Then Allah says, يُنَبَّأُ الإِنسَـنُ يَوْمَئِذِ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ (On that Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) meaning, he will be informed of all of his deeds, the old of them and the recent of them, the first of them and the last of them, the small of them and the large of them. This is as Allah says, وَوَجَدُواْ مَا عَمِلُواْ حَاضِرًا وَلاَ يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا (And they will find all that they did, placed before them, and your Lord treats no one with injustice.) (18:49) Likewise, Allah says here, بَلِ الإِنسَـنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ - وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ (Nay! Man will be well informed about himself, though he may put forth his excuses.) meaning, he will be a witness against himself, knowing full well what he did, even though he will try to make excuses and deny it. This is as Allah says, اقْرَأْ كَتَـبَكَ كَفَى بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيبًا ((It will be said to him): "Read your book. You are sufficient as a reckoner against yourself this Day.") `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, بَلِ الإِنسَـنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ (Nay! Man will be well informed about himself.) "His hearing, his sight, his two hands, his two legs and his limbs." Qatadah said, "This means he is a witness against himself." In another narration from Qatadah he said, "By Allah! If you wish to see him, you would see him as someone who sees the shortcomings of the people and their sins, yet he is heedless of his own sins." It used to be said, "Verily, it is written in the Injil: `O Son of Adam, do you see the small splinters in the eye of your brother and disregard the tree stump that is in your eye, so you do not see it"' Mujahid said, وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ (Though he may put forth his excuses.) "This means, even though he argues in defense of it, he is a witness against it." Qatadah said, وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ (Though he may put forth his excuses.) "Even though he will try to make false excuses on that Day, they will not be accepted from him." As-Suddi said, وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ (Though he may put forth his excuses.) "This means his argument." This is as Allah says, ثُمَّ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَتُهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن قَالُواْ وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ (There will then be no Fitnah for them but to say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah.") (6:23) Allah also says, يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهِ جَمِيعاً فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَىْءٍ أَلاَ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَـذِبُونَ (On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together; then they will swear to Him as they swear to you (O Muslims). And they think that they have something. Verily, they are liars!) (58:18) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas: وَلَوْ أَلْقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ (Though he may put forth his excuses.) "This is apologizing. Haven't you heard that Allah said, لاَ يَنفَعُ الظَّـلِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ (The Day when their excuses will be of no profit to wrongdoers.) (40:52) and He says, وَأَلْقَوْاْ إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ السَّلَمَ (And they will offer submision to Allah on that Day.) (16:87) and He says, فَأَلْقَوُاْ السَّلَمَ مَا كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ مِن سُوءٍ (Then they will (falsely) submit: "We used not to do any evil.") (16:28) and their statement, وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ (By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah.) (6:23)"