The Rock, Stoneland, Rock City — Verse 5
15:5 · al-Hijr
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مَّا تَسۡبِقُ مِنۡ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلَهَا وَمَا یَسۡتَءۡخِرُونَ ٥
mā tasbiqu min ummatin ajalahā wamā yastakhirūn
The Rock, Stoneland, Rock City / al-Hijr (15:5)
no community can bring its time forward, nor delay it
mā tasbiqu min ummatin ajalahā wamā yastakhirūn
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Tafsir Commentary
Every Township has its allotted Time
Allah is informing us that He never destroys a township until He has established evidences for it and its allotted time has ended. When the time for a nation's destruction has come, He never delays it, and He never moves its appointed time forward. This was a message and a warning to the people of Makkah, telling them to give up their Shirk, their stubbornness and disbelief for which they deserved to be destroyed.
No community min ummatin min is extra can outstrip its predetermined term nor can they seek to delay it nor can they put it off.
لا تتجاوز أمة أجلها فتزيد عليه، ولا تتقدم عليه، فتنقص منه.
وأنه لا يؤخر أمة حان هلاكهم عن ميقاتهم ولا يتقدمون عن مدتهم وهذا تنبيه لأهل مكة وإرشاد لهم إلى الإقلاع عما هم عليه من الشرك والعناد والإلحاد الذي يستحقون به الهلاك.
وجملة ( مَّا تَسْبِقُ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلَهَا وَمَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ ) بيان لجملة ( إِلاَّ وَلَهَا كِتَابٌ مَّعْلُومٌ ) لتأكيد التحديد ، فى بدئه وفى نهايته .وحذف متعلق ( يستأخرون ) للعلم به ، أى : وما يستأخرون عنه .والآيتان الكريمتان تدلان بوضوح ، على أن إمهال الظالمين ليس معناه ترك عقابهم ، وإنما هو رحمة من الله بهم لعلهم أن يثوبوا إلى رشدهم ، ويسلكوا الطريق القويم . . .فإذا ما لجوا فى طغيانهم ، حل بهم عقاب الله - تعالى - فى الوقت المحدد فى علمه - سبحانه - .قال صاحب الظلال : ولقد يقال : إن أمما لا تؤمن ولا تحسن ولا تصلح ولا تعدل . وهى مع ذلك قوية ثرية باقية ، وهذا وهم .فلا بد من بقية من خير فى هذه الأمم ، ولو كان هو خير العمارة للأرض ، وخير العدل فى حدوده الضيقة بين أبنائها ، وخير الإصلاح المادى والإِحسان المحدود بحدودها .فعلى هذه البقية من الخير تعيش حتى تستنفدها ، فلا تبقى فيها من الخير بقية ثم تنتهى حتما إلى المصير المعلوم . إن سنة الله لا تتخلف . ولكل أمة أجل معلوم .
يقول تعالى ذكره: ما يتقدّم هلاك أمة قبل أجلها الذي جعله الله أجلا لهلاكها، ولا يستأخر هلاكها عن الأجل الذي جعل لها أجلا.كما حدثني المثنى، قال: أخبرنا إسحاق، قال: ثنا عبد الرزاق، عن معمر، عن الزهري، في قوله ( مَا تَسْبِقُ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلَهَا وَمَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ ) قال: نرى أنه إذا حضر أجله ، فإنه لا يؤخر ساعة ولا يقدّم. وأما ما لم يحضر أجله ، فإن الله يؤخر ما شاء ويقدّم ما شاء.
( ما تسبق من أمة أجلها ) " من " صلة ( وما يستأخرون ) أي : الموت لا يتقدم ولا يتأخر ، وقيل : العذاب المضروب .
وجملة { ما تسبق من أمةٍ أجلها } بيان لجملة { ولها كتاب معلوم } لبيان فائدة التحديد : أنه عدم المجاوزة بدءاً ونهاية .ومعنى ( تسبق أجلها ) تفوته ، أي تُعْدم قبل حلوله ، شبّه ذلك بالسبق .و { يستأخرون } : يتأخرون . فالسين والتاء للتأكيد .وأنّث مفرداً ضمير الأمّة مرة مراعاة للفظ ، وجُمع مذكراً مراعاة للمعنى . وحذف متعلق { يستأخرون } للعلم به ، أي وما يستأخرون عنه .
{ مَا تَسْبِقُ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلَهَا وَمَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ } وإلا فالذنوب لا بد من وقوع أثرها وإن تأخر
قوله تعالى : ما تسبق من أمة أجلها وما يستأخرون ( من ) صلة ; كقولك : ما جاءني من أحد . أي لا تتجاوز أجلها فتزيد عليه ، ولا تتقدم قبله . ونظيره قوله - تعالى - : فإذا جاء أجلهم لا يستأخرون ساعة ولا يستقدمون .
The freedom enjoyed by man will last only for the duration of the period of testing. This is a very critical issue. If a man seriously thinks this problem over, he will feel that the period which is going to end tomorrow has, as it were, ended today itself. This thought will shake him terribly. But man lives his life in ‘today’. He does not pay attention to ‘tomorrow’. Reality lies exposed before him, but he remains engrossed in wishful thinking. He seeks out some imaginary supports of his own devising and thinks that they will help him on the Day of Judgement. But such wishful thinking will not come to his rescue when the period of testing is over and God’s angels come to take him away from the world of trial to the world of retribution. At a time like this, he starts remembering the occasions when he had tried to reject a genuine argument by mouthing false words; when he had ignored the voice of his conscience and followed the desires of the self; when purely out of self-interest he had ignored the divine preacher of truth, in spite of seeing glimpses of God in him. When he sees that no device of his has been of any avail, he will say, ‘Alas! I should not have done what I have done! I should have adopted the way of one who surrenders to the Truth instead of the way of one who rejects the Truth.’
Commentary
From: ذَرْهُمْ يَأْكُلُوا (Let them eat ...3) we can see that the making of eating and drinking the real occupation and aim of life, and keeping glued to long-drawn material plans while surrounded by countless things of worldly comfort, and becoming totally heedless to death, is something which can be done only by the disbelievers. The reason is that they do not believe in the 'Akhirah, the life to come, and the accounting of deeds there, and the reward and punishment for it. As for eating and drinking, a believer does it too, and takes care of economic needs to the measure of necessity, and makes future plans for occupation and business as well. But, a believer would not make all these efforts by forget-ting death and ignoring the concern for 'Akhirah. Therefore, he is careful about everything he does and finds out whether it is Halal or Haram, permissible or forbidden. Then, he does not occupy himself in the making of wasteful or unnecessary plans and projections, as hobby or compulsion. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: Four things are signs of being unfortunate: (1) Not being able to shed tears (that is, not being in tears when ashamed of acts of negligence and sin); (2) and hard-heartedness; (3) fanciful hopes and plans for the future; (4) and the greed for worldly things. (Qurtubi from Musnad al-Bazzar from Sayyidna Anas ؓ
And the expression: يُلْهِهِمُ الْأَمَلُ 'let (their) fancy make them neglectful' means the making of long-drawn plans with engrossing love, and the greed for the material without any concern for death and 'Akhirah. (Qurtubi). As for plans made to achieve religious objectives, or those made to guard the future interests of a people or country, they are not included here - because, that is a form of the concern for 'Akhirah itself.
The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: The first set of people from this Ummah will have their salvation because of their perfect faith, and avoidance of the pursuit of the material (dunya); and the later people of the Ummah will be destroyed because of miserliness, and fancies projected too far.
It has been reported from Sayyidna Abu Ad-Darda' ؓ that he stood up on the Mimbar of Jami' Masjid of Damascus and said:
'0 people of Damascus, would you listen to what this well-wishing brother of yours has to say? So, listen to me. There have been big people before you who made big money, collected gold and things, built magnificent palaces and made long-hauled plans and projections for the future. Today they are dust. Their residences are their graves. And all their long winded hopes and plans have proved to be no more than a web of deception. Close to you lived the people of ` Ad who had stuffed their country with their fighting men, wealth, means, possessions, arms and horses. Is there someone around who would be ready to buy what they left behind as their legacy for two silver dirhams from me?'
Imam Al-Hasan Al-Basri (رح) said: A person with long plans, hopes and fancies is bound to ruin his proper conduct in life. (Al-Qurtubi)
(No nation can outstrip its term) He says: no nation perishes or is destroyed before the appointed time for its perishing or destruction (nor can they lag behind) no nation is given respite when its appointed time comes.