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وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِیۤ أُعِدَّتۡ لِلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ ۝١٣١
wa-ittaqū l-nāra allatī uʿiddat lil'kāfirīn
The Family of Imran, The House of Imran / al-Imran (3:131)
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Abdel Haleem

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beware of the Fire prepared for those who ignore [Him]
wa-ittaqū l-nāra allatī uʿiddat lil'kāfirīn

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Tafsir Commentary

Interest (Riba) is Prohibited Allah prohibits His believing servants from dealing in Riba and from requiring interest on their capital, just as they used to do during the time of Jahiliyyah. For instance, when the time to pay a loan comes, the creditor would say to the debtor, "Either pay now, or the loan will incur interest." If the debtor asks for deferment of the loan, the creditor would require interest and this would occur year after year until the little capital becomes multiplied many times. Allah also commands His servants to have Taqwa of Him so that they may achieve success in this life and the Hereafter. Allah also threatens them with the Fire and warns them against it, saying, وَاتَّقُواْ النَّارَ الَّتِى أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَـفِرِينَ - وَأَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (And fear the Fire, which is prepared for the disbelievers. And obey Allah and the Messenger that you may obtain mercy.) 3:131,132. The Encouragment to Do Good for which Paradise is the Result Allah encourages His servants to perform righteous deeds and to rush to accomplish the acts of obedience. Allah said, وَسَارِعُواْ إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (And march forth in the way (which leads to) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as the heavens and the earth, prepared for the Muttaqin (the pious)) 3:133. Just as the Fire was prepared for the disbelievers. It was reported that the meaning of Allah's statement, عَرْضُهَا السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ (as wide as the heavens and the earth) draws the attention to the spaciousness of Paradise. For instance, Allah said in another Ayah, while describing the couches of Paradise, بَطَآئِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ (lined with silk brocade) 55:54, so what about their outer covering It was also said that Paradise is as wide as its length, because it is a dome under the Throne. The width and length of a dome or a circle are the same in distance. This is supported by what is found in the Sahih; «إِذَا سَأَلْتُمُ اللهَ الْجَنَّـةَ فَاسْأَلُوهُ الْفِرْدَوْسَ، فَإِنَّهُ أَعْلَى الْجَنَّـةِ، وَأَوْسَطُ الْجَنَّةِ، وَمِنْهُ تَفَجَّرُ أَنْهَارُ الْجَنَّةِ، وَسَقْفُهَا عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَن» (When you ask Allah for Paradise, ask Him for Al-Firdaws which is the highest and best part of Paradise. From it originate the rivers of Paradise, and above it is the Throne of the Most Beneficent (Allah).) This Ayah 3:133 above is similar to Allah's statement in Surat Al-Hadid, سَابِقُواْ إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (Race with one another in hastening towards forgiveness from your Lord (Allah), and Paradise the width whereof is as the width of the heaven and the Earth) 57:21. Al-Bazzar recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that a man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him, about Allah's statement, وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ (Paradise as wide as the heavens and the Earth) 3:133; "Where is the Fire then" The Prophet said, «أَرَأَيْتَ اللَّيْلَ إِذَا جَاءَ لَبِسَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ، فَأَيْنَ النَّهَارُ؟» (When the night comes, it overtakes everything, so where is the day) The man said, "Where Allah wants it to be." The Prophet said, «وَكَذلِكَ النَّارُ تَكُونُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَل» (Similarly, the Fire is where Allah wants it to be.) This Hadith has two possible meanings. First, when we do not see the night during the day, this does not mean that the day is not somewhere else, even though we cannot see it. Such is the case with Hell-fire, for it is where Allah wants it to be. The second meaning is that when the day overcomes this part of the world, the night overtakes the other part. Such is the case with Paradise, for it is in the utmost heights above the heavens and under the Throne. The width of Paradise is, as Allah stated, كَعَرْضِ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (whereof is as the width of the heaven and the Earth) 57:21. The Fire, on the other hand, is in the lowest of lows. Therefore, Paradise being as wide as the heavens and Earth does not contradict the fact that the Fire exists wherever Allah wills it to be. Allah said, while describing the people of Paradise, الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ فِى السَّرَّآءِ وَالضَّرَّآءِ (Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in prosperity and in adversity) 3:134, in hard times and easy times, while active (or enthusiastic) and otherwise, healthy or ill, and in all conditions, just as Allah said in another Ayah, الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَلَهُمْ بِالَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلاَنِيَةً (Those who spend their wealth (in Allah's cause) by night and day, in secret and in public) 2:274 These believers are never distracted from obeying Allah, spending on what pleases Him, being kind to His servants and their relatives, and other acts of righteousness. Allah said, وَالْكَـظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَـفِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ (who repress anger, and who pardon men;) 3:134 for when they are angry, they control their anger and do act upon it. Rather, they even forgive those who hurt them. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said, «لَيْسَ الشَّدِيدُ بِالصُّرَعَةِ، وَلكِنَّ الشَّدِيدَ الَّذِي يَمْلِكُ نَفْسَهُ عِنْدَ الْغَضَب» (The strong person is not he who is able to physically overcome people. The strong person is he who overcomes his rage when he is angry.) This Hadith is also recorded in the Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ لَهُ، وَقَاهُ اللهُ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ، أَلَا إِنَّ عَمَلَ الْجَنَّـةِ حَزْنٌ بِرَبْوَةٍ ثَلَاثًا أَلَا إِنَّ عَمَلَ النَّارِ سَهْلٌ بِسَهْوَةٍ. وَالسَّعِيدُ مَنْ وُقِيَ الْفِتَنَ، وَمَا مِنْ جَرْعَةٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ مِنْ جَرْعَةِ غَيْظٍ يَكْظِمُهَا عَبْدٌ، مَا كَظَمَهَا عَبْدٌ للهِ إِلَّا مَلَأَ جَوْفَهُ إِيمَانًا» (He who gives time to a debtor or forgives him, then Allah will save him from the heat of Jahannam (Hell-fire). Behold! The deeds of Paradise are difficult to reach, for they are on top of a hill, while the deeds of the Fire are easy to find in the lowlands. The happy person is he who is saved from the tests. Verily, there is no dose of anything better to Allah than a dose of rage that the servant controls, and whenever the servant of Allah controls it, he will be internally filled with faith.) This Hadith was recorded by Imam Ahmad, its chain of narration is good, it does not contain any disparraged narrators, and the meaning is good. Imam Ahmad recorded that Sahl bin Mu`adh bin Anas said that his father said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَنْ كَظَمَ غَيْظًا وَهُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلى أَنْ يُنْفِذَهُ دَعَاهُ اللهُ عَلى رُؤُوسِ الْخَلَائِقِ حَتَّى يُخَيِّرَهُ مِنْ أَيِّ الْحُورِ شَاء» (Whoever controlled rage while able to act upon it, then Allah will call him while all creation is a witness, until He gives him the choice of any of the Huris (fair females with wide, lovely eyes - as mates for the pious) he wishes.) Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith, which At-Tirmidhi said was "Hasan Gharib". Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَا تَجَرَّعَ عَبْدٌ مِنْ جَرْعَةٍ أَفْضَلَ أَجْرًا مِنْ جَرْعَةِ غَيْظٍ كَظَمَهَا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ الله» (There is not a dose of anything that the servant takes which is better than a dose of control of rage that he feels, when he does it seeking Allah's Face.) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Majah also collected this Hadith. Allah said, وَالْكَـظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ (who repress anger) meaning, they do not satisfy their rage upon people. Rather, they refrain from harming them and await their rewards with Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored. Allah then said, وَالْعَـفِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ (and who pardon men;) They forgive those who treat them with injustice. Therefore, they do not hold any ill feelings about anyone in their hearts, and this is the most excellent conduct in this regard. This is why Allah said, وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (verily, Allah loves the Muhsinin (the good-doers)). This good conduct is a type of Ihsan excellence in the religion. There is a Hadith that reads, «ثَلَاثٌ أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ: مَا نَقَصَ مَالٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ، وَمَا زَادَ اللهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا، وَمَنْ تَوَاضَعَ للهِ رَفَعَهُ الله» (I swear regarding three matters: no charity shall ever decrease the wealth; whenever one forgives people, then Allah will magnify his honor; and he who is humble for Allah, then Allah will raise his rank.) Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُواْ فَـحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُواْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُواْ اللَّهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُواْ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ (And those who, when they have committed Fahishah or wronged themselves with evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their sins) 3:135. Therefore, if they commit an error they follow it with repentance and ask forgiveness. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said, «إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَذْنَبَ ذَنْبًا فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي أَذْنَبْتُ ذَنْبًا فَاغْفِرْهُ، فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: عَبْدِي عَمِل ذَنْبًا فَعَلِمَ أَنَّ لَهُ ر&
And fear the Fire that has been prepared for the disbelievers lest you be chastised with it.
O you who believe do not exact usury doubled and redoubled. And fear God so that you may prosper. And fear the fire that has been prepared for the disbelievers. [God] has prohibited usury for His servants; this includes loaning one amount and asking twice as much in return. But He has asked you for a loan which He will repay seven hundredfold even up to an infinite repay- ment.This alludes to the magnanimity karam that is not inherent in humans but rather is an attribute of the Real ������. And fear the fire that has been prepared for the disbelievers: These words indicate that the believer will not be chastised by [the fire]. If he is chastised by it for a time he will not abide in it.
O you who believe do not exact usury doubled and redoubled. And fear God so that you may prosper. And fear the fire that has been prepared for the disbelievers. [God] has prohibited usury for His servants; this includes loaning one amount and asking twice as much in return. But He has asked you for a loan which He will repay seven hundredfold even up to an infinite repay- ment.This alludes to the magnanimity karam that is not inherent in humans but rather is an attribute of the Real ������. And fear the fire that has been prepared for the disbelievers: These words indicate that the believer will not be chastised by [the fire]. If he is chastised by it for a time he will not abide in it.
اجعلوا لأنفسكم وقاية بينكم وبين النار التي هُيِّئت للكافرين.
ثم توعدهم بالنار وحذرهم منها فقال تعالى "واتقوا النار التي أعدت للكافرين وأطيعوا الله والرسول لعلكم ترحمون".
ثم حذرهم - سبحانه - من الأعمال التى تفضى بهم إلى النار فقال : { واتقوا النار التي أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ } يقول : هى أخوف آية فى القرآن ، حيث أوعد الله المؤمنين بالنار المعدة للكافرين إن لم يتقوه فى اجتناب محارمه " .
القول في تأويل قوله : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا أَضْعَافًا مُضَاعَفَةً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (130)قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: يا أيها الذين آمنوا بالله ورسوله، لا تأكلوا الربا في إسلامكم بعد إذ هداكم له، كما كنتم تأكلونه في جاهليتكم.* * *وكان أكلهم ذلك في جاهليتهم: أنّ الرجل منهم كان يكون له على الرجل مال إلى أجل، فإذا حلّ الأجل طلبه من صاحبه، فيقول له الذي عليه المال: أخِّر عنى ديْنك وأزيدك على مالك. فيفعلان ذلك. فذلك هو " الربا أضعافًا مضاعفة "، فنهاهم الله عز وجل في إسلامهم عنه،. كما:-7823- حدثنا محمد بن سنان قال، حدثنا مؤمل قال، حدثنا سفيان، عن ابن جريج، عن عطاء قال: كانت ثقيف تدَّاين في بني المغيرة في الجاهلية، فإذا حلّ الأجل قالوا: نـزيدكم وتؤخِّرون؟ فنـزلت: " لا تأكلوا الربا أضعافًا مضاعفة ".7824- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق قال: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا الربا أضعافًا مضاعفة "، أي: لا تأكلوا في الإسلام إذ هداكم الله له، (72) ما كنتم تأكلون إذ أنتم على غيره، مما لا يحل لكم في دينكم. (73)7825- حدثنا محمد بن عمرو قال، حدثنا أبو عاصم، عن عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قول الله عز وجلّ: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا الربا أضعافًا مضاعفة " قال: ربا الجاهلية.7826- حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، سمعت ابن زيد يقول &; 7-205 &; في قوله: " لا تأكلوا الربا أضعافًا مضاعفة "، قال: كان أبي يقول: إنما كان الربا في الجاهلية في التضعيف وفي السن. (74) يكون للرجل فضل دين، فيأتيه إذا حل الأجل فيقول له: تقضيني أو تزيدني؟ (75) فإن كان عنده شيء يقضيه قضى، وإلا حوَّله إلى السن التي فوق ذلك = إن كانت ابنة مخاض يجعلها ابنة لبون في السنة الثانية، ثم حِقَّة، ثم جَذَعة، ثم رباعيًا، (76) ثم هكذا إلى فوق = وفي العين يأتيه، (77) فإن لم يكن عنده أضعفه في العام القابل، فإن لم يكن عنده أضعفه أيضًا، فتكون مئة فيجعلها إلى قابل مئتين، فإن لم يكن عنده جعلها أربعمئة، يضعفها له كل سنة أو يقضيه. قال: فهذا قوله: " لا تأكلوا الربا أضعافًا مضاعفة ".* * *وأما قوله: " واتقوا الله لعلكم تفلحون "، فإنه يعني: واتقوا الله أيها المؤمنون، في أمر الربا فلا تأكلوه، وفي غيره مما أمركم به أو نهاكم عنه، وأطيعوه فيه =" لعلكم تفلحون "، يقول: لتنجحوا فتنجوا من عقابه، وتدركوا ما رغَّبكم فيه من ثوابه والخلود في جنانه، كما:-7827- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " واتقوا الله لعلكم تفلحون "، أي: فأطيعوا الله لعلكم أن تنجوا مما حذركم من عذابه، وتدركوا ما رغبكم فيه من ثوابه. (78)-----------------(72) سيرة ابن هشام: "هداكم الله به".(73) الأثر: 7824- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 115 ، من بقية الآثار التي آخرها رقم: 7822.(74) السن: العمر. يريد بها أسنان الأنعام ، كما سيتبين لك من بقية الأثر.(75) في المخطوطة: "تقضي أو تزدني".(76) "المخاض": النوق الحوامل. و"ابن المخاض" و"ابنة المخاض" ، ما دخل في السنة الثانية ، لأن أمه لحقت بالمخاض ، أي الحوامل."واللبون": الناقة ذات اللبن. و"ابن اللبون" و"ابنة لبون" ، ما أتى عليه سنتان ، ودخل في السنة الثالثة. فصارت أمه لبونًا ، أي ذات لبن. و"الحق" و"الحقة" البعير إذا استكمل السنة الثالثة ودخل في الرابعة."والجدع" و"الجذعة" ما استكمل أربعة أعوام ودخل في الخامسة. فإذا طعن البعير في السادسة فهو"ثنى" ، وقد سقط هذا من الأسنان التي يذكرها. أما "الرباع" للذكر ، و"الرباعية" للأنثى ، فهو الذي دخل في السابعة.(77) العين: المال. من ذهب وفضة وأشباهها.(78) الأثر: 7827- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 115 ، وهو تابع الآثار التي آخرها: 7824 ، وفي السيرة"لعلكم تنجون. . . وتدركون".
ثم خوفهم فقال : ( واتقوا النار التي أعدت للكافرين ) .
وقوله : { واتقوا النار التي أعدت للكافرين } تحذير وتنفير من النَّار وما يوقع فيها ، بأنَّها معدودة للكافرين وإعدادها للكافرين . عَدل من الله تعالى وحكمة لأنّ ترتّب الأشياء على أمثالها من أكبر مظاهر الحكمة ، ومَن أشركوا بالله مخلوقاته ، فقد استحقّوا الحرمان من رحماته ، والمسلمون لا يرضَون بمشاركة الكافرين لأنّ الإسلام الحقّ يوجب كراهية ما ينشأ عن الكفر . وذاك تعريض واضح في الوعيد على أخذ الربا .ومقابل هذا التنفير الترغيب الآتي في قوله : { وجنة عرضها السموات والأرض أُعدت للمتقين } [ آل عمران : 133 ] ، والتَّقوى أعلى درجات الإيمان .وتعريف النار بهذه الصّلة يُشعر بأنَّه قد شاع بين المسلمين هذا الوصف للنَّار بما في القرآن من نحو قوله تعالى : { يأيها الذين آمنوا قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم نارا وقودها الناس والحجارة } [ التحريم : 6 ] ، وقوله : { وبرزت الجحيم للغاوين } [ الشعراء : 91 ] الآية .
{ واتقوا النار التي أعدت للكافرين } بترك ما يوجب دخولها، من الكفر والمعاصي، على اختلاف درجاتها، فإن المعاصي كلها- وخصوصا المعاصي الكبار- تجر إلى الكفر، بل هي من خصال الكفر الذي أعد الله النار لأهله، فترك المعاصي ينجي من النار، ويقي من سخط الجبار، وأفعال الخير والطاعة توجب رضا الرحمن، ودخول الجنان، وحصول الرحمة
ثم خوفهم فقال : واتقوا النار التي أعدت للكافرين قال كثير من المفسرين : وهذا الوعيد لمن استحل الربا ، ومن استحل الربا فإنه يكفر ويكفر . وقيل : معناه اتقوا العمل الذي ينزع منكم الإيمان فتستوجبون النار ; لأن من الذنوب ما يستوجب به صاحبه نزع الإيمان ويخاف عليه ; من ذلك عقوق الوالدين . وقد جاء في ذلك أثر أن رجلا كان عاقا لوالديه يقال له علقمة ; فقيل له عند الموت : قل لا إله إلا الله ، فلم يقدر على ذلك حتى جاءته أمه فرضيت عنه . ومن ذلك قطيعة الرحم وأكل الربا والخيانة في الأمانة وذكر أبو بكر الوراق عن أبي حنيفة أنه قال : أكثر ما ينزع الإيمان من العبد عند الموت . ثم قال أبو بكر : فنظرنا في الذنوب التي تنزع الإيمان فلم نجد شيئا أسرع نزعا للإيمان من ظلم العباد . وفي هذه الآية دليل على أن النار مخلوقة ردا على الجهمية ; لأن المعدوم لا يكون معدا .
Engaging in usury is the ultimate in money worship. A usurer thinks day in and day out as to how to double and quadruple his money. But what he ought to pursue relentlessly is not the acquisition of material things but his entry into Paradise in the Hereafter. He ought to be ever eager to attain God’s mercy and blessing, but not by increasing his worldly wealth in order to guarantee himself a life of grandeur in this world. Honour and success are of no importance when compared to Paradise, the pleasure and enjoyment of which are immeasurable. Wise is the one who pursues God’s Paradise. Hastening towards it means giving away more and more of one’s wealth for the cause of God. The way to worldly success is to increase one’s riches, while the way to success in the Hereafter is to decrease one’s riches. If the inspiration to tread the former path is the love of money, the inspiration towards the latter is the love of God and His Messenger. If the ‘wealth’ of the former is worldly profit, the ‘wealth’ of the latter is the profit of the Hereafter. Where those desirous of riches have the fear of worldly loss, those of a spiritual bent of mind fear loss in the Hereafter.
The meaning of doubled and multiplied The detailed rules regarding 'riba' and the philosophy underlying its prohibition have been discussed thoroughly in Surah al-Baqarah verses 275-278 (Volume 1 of this commentary). However, it may be pointed out here that words أَضْعَافًا مُّضَاعَفَةً of (doubled and multiplied) used in this verse do not mean that the prohibition of 'riba' is restricted only to a transaction where the interest is doubled or multiplied. In fact, these words are not used in a restrictive sense, because it is evident from Surah al-Baqarah that 'riba' or interest is prohibited in any case, even though its rate is not so high as to make it doubled or multiplied. These words are used only to explain the factual position prevalent at that time, and to indicate its unjust and evil nature. Moreover, these words also suggest that even the interest charged is simple and not compound, yet once a person is engaged in the business of interest he does not stop at charging interest in one transaction only. Rather, he reinvests the income of interest in another loan transaction, and keeps investing the interest proceeds in similar transactions again and again, and thus the ultimate result is that the original interest charged through the first transaction is doubled and multiplied.
(And ward off (from yourselves) the Fire) fear the Fire regarding the consumption of usury which was (prepared) created (for disbelievers) in Allah and in the prohibition of usury.