The Romans, The Byzantines — Verse 13
30:13 · ar-Rum
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وَلَمۡ یَكُن لَّهُم مِّن شُرَكَاۤىِٕهِمۡ شُفَعَـٰۤؤُا۟ وَكَانُوا۟ بِشُرَكَاۤىِٕهِمۡ كَـٰفِرِینَ ١٣
walam yakun lahum min shurakāihim shufaʿāu wakānū bishurakāihim kāfirīn
The Romans, The Byzantines / ar-Rum (30:13)
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
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Q 30:9 (ar-Rum)
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By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
and they will have no intercessors among those partners they ascribed to God- they will deny these partners
walam yakun lahum min shurakāihim shufaʿāu wakānū bishurakāihim kāfirīn
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Tafsir Commentary
اللَّهُ يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ
(Allah originates the creation, then He will repeat it,) Just as He was able to create it in the first place, so He is also able to repeat it.
ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
(then to Him you will be returned.) on the Day of Resurrection, when each will be requited according to his deeds. Then Allah says:
وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يُبْلِسُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ
(And on the Day when the Hour will be established, the criminals will be plunged into destruction with despair.) Ibn `Abbas said, "The sinners will be filled with despair." Mujahid said, "The sinners will be exposed;" according to another report he said, "The sinners will grieve."
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُمْ مِّن شُرَكَآئِهِمْ شُفَعَاءُ
(No intercessors will they have from those whom they made equal with Allah,) means, the gods whom they used to worship instead of Allah will not intercede for them; they will reject them and betray them despite their desperate need of them. Then Allah says:
وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَفَرَّقُونَ
(And on the Day when the Hour will be established -- that Day shall (all men) be separated.) Qatadah said: "By Allah, this refers to the separation after which there will be no reunion." In other words, if one person is taken up to the highest heights and another is sent down to the lowest depths of Hell, that is the last they will ever see of one another. Allah says:
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ فَهُمْ فِى رَوْضَةٍ يُحْبَرُونَ
(Then as for those who believed and did righteous good deeds, such shall be honored and made to enjoy a luxurious life in a Garden of Delight.) Mujahid and Qatadah said, "This means, they will enjoy a life of luxury."
And none from among those partners of theirs those whom they ascribed as partners of God namely the idols to intercede for them shall be intercessors for them and they shall disavow these partners of theirs in other words they shall dissociate from them.
ولم يكن للمشركين في ذلك اليوم من آلهتهم التي كانوا يعبدونها من دون الله شفعاء، بل إنها تتبرأ منهم، ويتبرؤون منها. فالشفاعة لله وحده، ولا تُطلَب من غيره.
"ولم يكن لهم من شركائهم شفعاء" أي ما شفعت فيهم الآلهة التي كانوا يعبدونها من دون الله تعالى وكفروا بهم وخانوهم أحوج ما كانوا إليهم.
( وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُمْ ) فى هذا اليوم ( مِّن شُرَكَآئِهِمْ ) الذين عبدوهم فى الدنيا ( شُفَعَاءُ ) يشفعون لهم ، ويجيرونهم من عذاب الله .( وَكَانُواْ بِشُرَكَآئِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ ) أى : أنهم فى هذا اليوم العسير لم يكن لها من شفعاء يشفعون لهمز بل إنهم صاروا فى هذا اليوم الشديد ، كافرين بشركائهم الذين توهموا منهم الشفاعة ، لأنهم يوم القيامة تتجلى لهم الحقائق ، ويعرفون أن هؤلاء الشركاء لا يرجى منهم نفع ، ولا يخشى منهم ضر .
وقوله: ( وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَائِهِمْ شُفَعَاءُ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ( وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ ) لم يكن لهؤلاء المجرمين الذين وصف جلّ ثناؤه صفتهم (مِن شُرَكَائِهِمْ) الذين كانوا يتبعونهم، على ما دعوهم إليه من الضلالة، فيشاركونهم في الكفر بالله، والمعاونة على أذى رسله، (شُفَعَاءُ) يشفعون لهم عند الله، فيستنقذوهم من عذابه، ( وَكَانُوا بِشُرَكَائِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ ) يقول: وكانوا بشركائهم في الضلالة والمعاونة في الدنيا على أولياء الله (كَافِرِينَ)، يجحدون ولايتهم، ويتبرّءون منهم، كما قال جلّ ثناؤه: إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الأَسْبَابُ * وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا
( ولم يكن لهم من شركائهم شفعاء وكانوا بشركائهم كافرين ) جاحدين متبرئين يتبرءون منها وتتبرأ منهم .
وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَائِهِمْ شُفَعَاءُ وَكَانُوا بِشُرَكَائِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ (13)ومقابلة ضمير الجمع بصيغة جمع الشركاء من باب التوزيع ، أي لم يكن لأحد من المجرمين أحد شفيع فضلاً عن عدة شفعاء .وكذلك قوله { وكانوا بشركائهم كافرين } لأن المراد أنهم يكفرون بهم يوم تقوم الساعة كقوله تعالى { ثم يوم القيامة يكفر بعضكم ببعض ويلعن بعضكم بعضاً } [ العنكبوت : 25 ] .وكتب في المصحف { شُفَعَؤُاْ } بواو بعد العين وألف بعد الواو ، أرادوا بالجمع بين الواو والألف أن ينبهوا على أن الهمزة مضمومة ليعلم أن { شفعاء اسمُ ( كان ) وأن ليس اسمها قوله من شركائهم } بتوهم أن { مِن اسم بمعنى بعض ، أو أنها مزيدة في النفي ، فأثبتوا الواو تحقيقاً لضم الهمزة وأثبتوا الألف لأن الألف صورة للهمزة .
{ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَائِهِمْ } التي عبدوها مع اللّه { شُفَعَاءُ وَكَانُوا بِشُرَكَائِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ } تبرأ المشركون ممن أشركوهم مع اللّه وتبرأ المعبودون وقالوا: { تَبَرَّأْنَا إِلَيْكَ مَا كَانُوا إِيَّانَا يَعْبُدُونَ } والتعنوا وابتعدوا، وفي ذلك اليوم يفترق أهل الخير والشر كما افترقت أعمالهم في الدنيا.
ولم يكن لهم من شركائهم أي شركائهم الذين عبدوهم من دون الله شفعاء وكانوا بشركائهم كافرين قالوا : ليسوا بآلهة فتبرءوا منها وتبرأت منهم ; حسبما تقدم في غير موضع .
The existence of a perfect and complete world is a definite proof of the First Creation. If the first creation was possible, why should the second creation not be possible? If one accepts the present world, but does not accept the Hereafter, it amounts to denying a natural corollary of a fact which one has oneself accepted as such. ‘The guilty’ refers to the influential people who led the campaign against the Truth, and who provided arguments in support of the denial of Truth. When the Doomsday explosion dislocates the system of the world, the guilty ones will suddenly realize that the supports of which they had been proud were without foundation. The words which, according to them, supplied uncontradictable arguments in favour of their stand, will all prove false. When they see conditions which are quite contrary to their expectations and which shatter their illusions, they will be dumbfounded. On the Day of Judgement, human beings will be divided into two groups—one consisting of those who glorify God and offer praises to Him, and the other consisting of those who do quite the reverse. The people of the first group are those who realize God to such a degree that He becomes the sole topic of their conversation. A definite manifestation of this glorification of God and offering praises is the prayers offered five times a day. In this verse, the offering of praises ‘in the morning’ means the fajr. The prayers of maghrib, and ‘isha are included in the words ‘in the evening’. Prayer at midday is called zuhr, while that of in the late afternoon is called ‘asr.
أَوَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ (Have they not travelled on earth - 30:9). It means that the Makkans live in a land where there is neither any cultivation and industry nor any tall and beautiful buildings, but for the sake of trade they do travel to Syria and Yemen. So, have they not seen, during the course of their trips, what was the fate of the earlier people, whom Allah Ta’ ala had endowed with skills to make use of the land? For instance, they had the skill to draw underground water by excavating the earth for irrigating fields and gardens, and dig out concealed precious minerals, such as gold and silver, and make use of them to their benefit. For their advanced skills and way of living, they were regarded as civilized nations. But they got engrossed so much in material life, transitory luxuries and comforts that they forgot Allah Ta’ ala and the Hereafter. Then, Allah Ta’ ala sent prophets and books to remind them of their duties, but they did not pay any heed. Ultimately, they were overtaken by Allah's wrath even in this world. The ruins of their desolate cities still stand witness to their destruction. At the end of the verse it is suggested to ponder whether they were subjected to any oppression from Allah Ta’ ala, or they subjected themselves to their own cruelty by accumulating causes of the divine punishment.
(There will be none to intercede) in order to escape Allah's punishment (for them) for the worshippers of idols (of those whom they made equal with Allah) of their deities. (And they will reject their partners (whom they ascribed unto Him)) they will reject their deities, saying: by Allah! We were not idolaters.