Luqman, Lukman — Verse 4
31:4 · Luqman
Verse display
ٱلَّذِینَ یُقِیمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَیُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُم بِٱلۡءَاخِرَةِ هُمۡ یُوقِنُونَ ٤
alladhīna yuqīmūna l-ṣalata wayu'tūna l-zakata wahum bil-ākhirati hum yūqinūn
Luqman, Lukman / Luqman (31:4)
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
-
Q 39:23 (az-Zumar)
cited by
-
Q 73:20 (al-Muzammil)
cited by
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
-
Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
-
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
who keep up the prayer, pay the prescribed alms, and are certain of the Hereafter
alladhīna yuqīmūna l-ṣalata wayu'tūna l-zakata wahum bil-ākhirati hum yūqinūn
Get a Print Copy
Support the Author
As an Amazon Associate, ParallelQuran earns from qualifying purchases.
Qur'an Tools
Tafsir Commentary
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
The Doomed are preoccupied with Idle Talk and They turn away from the Ayat of Allah
When Allah mentions the blessed -- who are those who are guided by the Book of Allah and benefit from hearing it, as He says:
اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَـباً مُّتَشَـبِهاً مَّثَانِيَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ
(Allah has sent down the Best Statement, a Book, its parts resembling each other (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it. Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allah) (39:23). He connect that with mention of the doomed, those who turn away from the Qur'an and do not benefit from hearing the Words of Allah. Instead, they turn to listening to flutes and singing accompanied by musical instruments. As Ibn Mas`ud commented about the Ayah:
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
(And of mankind is he who purchases Lahu Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah), he said, "This -- by Allah -- refers to singing."
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ
(And of mankind is he who purchases Lahw Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah without knowledge, ) Qatadah said: "By Allah, he may not spend money on it, but his purchasing it means he likes it, and the more misguided he is, the more he likes it and the more he prefers falsehood to the truth and harmful things over beneficial things." It was said that what is meant by the words
يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ
(purchases idle talks) is buying singing servant girls. Ibn Jarir said that it means all speech that hinders people from seeing the signs of Allah and following His path. His saying:
لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
(to mislead (men) from the path of Allah) means, he does this to oppose Islam and its followers.
وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُواً
(and takes it by way of mockery.) Mujahid said, "This means mocking the path of Allah and making fun of it."
أُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
(For such there will be a humiliating torment.) Just as they showed no respect to the signs and path of Allah, so they will be shown no respect on the Day of Resurrection, and they will be subjected to a painful, ongoing torment. Then Allah says:
وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـتُنَا وَلَّى مُسْتَكْبِراً كَأَن لَّمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِى أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْراً
(And when Our Ayat are recited to such a one, he turns away in pride, as if he heard them not -- as if there were deafness in his ear.) means, when these Qur'anic verses are recited to one who is fond of idleness and play, he turns away from them and does not want to hear them. He turns a deaf ear to them as if he can hear nothing, because it annoys him to hear them since he gains no benefit from them and has no interest in them.
فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
(So announce to him a painful torment.) i.e., on the Day of Resurrection, which will hurt him just as much as listening to the Book of Allah and its verses hurt him.
who maintain the prayer alladhīna yuqīmūna’l-salāta an explication of al-muhsinīna ‘the virtuous’ and pay the alms and who are certain of the Hereafter the repetition of hum ‘they’ here translated ‘who’ is for emphasis.
الذين يؤدون الصلاة كاملة في أوقاتها ويؤتون الزكاة المفروضة عليهم لمستحقيها، وهم بالبعث والجزاء في الدار الآخرة يوقنون.
وهم الذين أحسنوا العمل في اتباع الشريعة فأقاموا الصلاة المفروضة بحدودها وأوقاتها وما يتبعها من نوافل راتبة وغير راتبة وآتوا الزكاة المفروضة عليهم إلى مستحقيها ووصلوا أرحامهم وقراباتهم وأيقنوا بالجزاء في الدار الآخرة فرغبوا إلى الله في ثواب ذلك لم يراءوا به ولا أرادوا جزاء من الناس ولا شكورا فمن فعل ذلك كذلك فهو من الذين ذكرهم في الآية التالية.
ثم وصف - سبحانه - هؤلاء المحسنين ، بصفات كريمة فقال : ( الذين يُقِيمُونَ الصلاة ) أى : يؤدونها فى أوقاتها المحددة لها ، مستوفية لواجباتها ، وسننها ، وآدابها وخشوعها ، فإن الصلاة التامة هى تلك التى صحبها الإِخلاص ، والخشوع ، والأداء الصحيح المطابق لما ورد عن النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم .( وَيُؤْتُونَ الزكاة ) أى : ويعطون الزكاة التى أوجبها الله - تعالى - فى أموالهم لمستحقيها ( وَهُمْ بالآخرة هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ ) والمراد بالآخرة : الدار الآخرة ، وسميت بذلك لأنها تأتى بعد الدنيا التى هى الدار الدنيا .وقوله ( يُوقِنُونَ ) من الإِيقان ، وهو الاعتقاد الجازم المطابق للواقع ، بحيث لا يطرأ عليك شك ، ولا تحوم حوله شبهة . .أى : أن من صفات هؤلاء المحسنين ، أنهم يؤدون الصلاة بخشوع وإخلاص ، ويقدمون زكاة أموالهم لمستحقيها ، وهم بالآخرة وما فيها من حساب وثواب وعقاب ، يوقنون إيقانا قطعيا ، لا اثر فيه للادعاءات الكاذبة ، والأوهام الباطلة .وفى إيراد " هم " قبل لفظ الآخرة . وقبل لفظ يوقنون : تعريض بغيرهم ممن كان اعتقادهم فى أمر الآخرة غير مطابق للحقيقة ، أو غير بالغ مرتبة اليقين .
(الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاةَ) يقول: الذين يقيمون الصَّلاةَ المفروضة بحدودها(وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكاةَ) من جعلها الله له المفروضة في أموالهم (وَهُمْ بالآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ) يقول: يفعلون ذلك وهم بجزاء الله وثوابه لمن فعل ذلك في الآخرة يوقنون.
"الذين يقيمون الصلاة ويؤتون الزكاة وهم بالآخرة هم يوقنون".
الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ بِالْآَخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ (4) و { الزكاة } هنا الصدقة وكانت موكولة إلى همم المسلمين غير مضبوطة بوقت ولا بمقدار . وتقدم الكلام على { بالآخرة هم يوقنون } إلى { هم المفلحون } في أول سورة البقرة ( 4 5 ) .
ثم وصف المحسنين بالعلم التام، وهو اليقين الموجب للعمل والخوف من عقاب اللّه، فيتركون معاصيه، ووصفهم بالعمل، وخص من العمل، عملين فاضلين: الصلاة المشتملة على الإخلاص، ومناجاة اللّه تعالى، والتعبد العام للقلب واللسان، والجوارح المعينة، على سائر الأعمال، والزكاة التي تزكي صاحبها من الصفات الرذيلة، وتنفع أخاه المسلم، وتسد حاجته، ويبين بها أن العبد يؤثر محبة اللّه على محبته للمال، فيخرجه محبوبه من المال، لما هو أحب إليه، وهو طلب مرضاة اللّه.
الذين يقيمون الصلاة في موضع الصفة ، ويجوز الرفع على القطع بمعنى : [ ص: 48 ] هم الذين ، والنصب بإضمار أعني . وقد مضى الكلام في هذه الآية والتي بعدها في ( البقرة ) وغيرها .
In this world, the criterion of the proper performance of a task (ihsan) is that it should be in accordance with the facts. From this point of view, one who carries out a task in this way is one who admits the reality (muhsin); his actions become a manifestation of his spirit of submission. Those who have it in their nature to mould themselves according to the factual position, are those who, when the Truth presents itself to them, accept it without suffering from any psychological complications. They immediately start fulfilling its practical requirements—they become regular offerers of prayers (salat), which is symbolic of fulfilling God’s will. They give prescribed alms (zakat), which amounts to honouring the rights of God’s subjects in the economic sphere. They shun the worship of worldly achievements and begin to think fondly of the Hereafter, because they know that the place where the question of success or failure shall finally be decided is nowhere other than the Hereafter.
Commentary
The words: يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ (pay Zakah) in Verse 4 carry the injunction of Zakah, although the verse is Makki. This tells us that the original injunction of Zakah had already been revealed before Hijrah, right there in Makkah al-Mu` azzamah. As for the popular assumption that the injunction of Zakah was enforced in the second year of Hijrah, it refers to the arrangement of fixing its nisab (threshold), providing details of obligatory amount to be paid, collecting and disbursing it on authorized heads by the Islamic government. This was done in the second year of Hijrah.
Ibn Kathir while commenting on verse 20 of Surah Al-Muzzammil: وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ (Establish Salah and pay Zakah - 73:20) has arrived at the same conclusion, because Surah Al-Muzzammil as one of the Makki surahs was revealed during the very initial period of the revelation of the Qur'an. This tells us that the way Salah and Zakah have been described mostly side by side in the verses of the Qur'an, its obligation had also taken effect side by side. Allah knows best.
(Those who establish worship) those who perform the five daily prayers with their obligatory ritual ablution, bowing, prostration and that which is enjoined in them within their prescribed times (and pay the poor-due) from their wealth (and have sure faith in the Hereafter) and believe in resurrection after death.