Women — Verse 132

The Necessity of Taqwa of Allah Allah states that He is the Owner of the heavens and earth and that He is the Supreme Authority over them. Hence Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّـكُمْ (And verily, We have recommended to the People of the Scripture before you, and to you) meaning, We have recommended to you what We recommended to the People of Scriptures; Taqwa of Allah, by worshipping Him Alone without partners. Allah then said, وَإِن تَكْفُرُواْ فَإِنَّ للَّهِ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ (But if you disbelieve, then unto Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth). In another Ayah, Allah said that Musa said to his people, إِن تَكْفُرُواْ أَنتُمْ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌ ("If you disbelieve, you and all on the earth together, then verily, Allah is Rich (free of any need), Owner of all praise."). Allah said, فَكَفَرُواْ وَتَوَلَّواْ وَّاسْتَغْنَى اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ غَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌ (So they disbelieved and turned away. But Allah was not in need (of them). And Allah is Rich (free of any need), Worthy of all praise) meaning, He is far too Rich than to need His servants, and worthy of all praise in all His decisions and commandments. The meaning of Allah's statement, وَللَّهِ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلاً (And to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.) He has perfect watch over every soul, knowing what it deserves, He is the Watcher, and Witness of all things. Allah's statement, إِن يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَيَأْتِ بِـاخَرِينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذلِكَ قَدِيراً (If He wills, He can take you away, O people, and bring others. And Allah is Ever All-Potent over that.) means, He is able to take you away and replace you with other people if you disobey Him. In a similar Ayah, Allah said, الْفُقَرَآءُ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْماً غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَكُونُواْ (And if you turn away, He will exchange you for some other people and they will not be your likes) Allah's statement, مَّن كَانَ يُرِيدُ ثَوَابَ الدُّنْيَا فَعِندَ اللَّهِ ثَوَابُ الدُّنْيَا وَالاٌّخِرَةِ (Whoever desires the rewards of this life, then with Allah is the reward of this worldly life and of the Hereafter.) means, O those whose ultimate desire is this life, know that Allah owns the rewards of this life and the Hereafter. Therefore, if you ask Allah for both, He will enrich you, award you and suffice for you. As Allah said, فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُم مَّنَـسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُواْ اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ ءَابَآءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَـقٍ - وِمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الاٌّخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ أُولَـئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا كَسَبُواْ (But of mankind there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in this world!" and for such there will be no portion in the Hereafter. And of them there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire!" For them there will be alloted a share for what they have earned), مَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الاٌّخِرَةِ نَزِدْ لَهُ فِى حَرْثِهِ (Whosoever desires (by his deeds) the reward of the Hereafter, We give him increase in his reward), and مَّن كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَـجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَآءُ لِمَن نُّرِيدُ (Whoever desires the quick-passing (transitory enjoyment of this world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like) until, انظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ (See how We prefer one above another (in this world)). So Allah said here, وَكَانَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعاً بَصِيراً (And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.)

To God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth He has repeated this in order to reaffirm the reason why fear of God is necessary; God suffices as a Guardian witnessing the fact that what is contained in them belongs to Him.

To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything in the earth, and God is suf- ficient as a trustee. This is an admonishment to the sincerely truthful and the lovers: “The seven heavens, the seven earths, and everything within them all belong to Me. I did not create them that you should turn your face toward them and attach your heart to them, remaining with them and being held back from Me. Rather, I created them to show them to you and to adorn them for your soul. Then, when you put aside everything and bring your face to Me, I will bring all of them into your service and put them all in your hands.” This meaning is in the report, “O this world! Serve those who serve Me, and trouble those who serve you!” The story of Sahl Tustarī is well known. The caliph of the day offered great wealth to him, but he did not accept anything. Someone asked him why he had not accepted. Sahl called upon God to lift the veil from the eyes of the questioner, who then looked and saw a world full of gems and pearls. Sahl said, “O chevalier! I have no need for the wealth of the caliph. The whole world is at my command. The storehouses of the earth have been offered to me, but I do not want them.” Why do you stay in this low place like crows looking for carrion? Break the cage and fly at once like peacocks to the heights. All on the face of gold and gems is unbelief and satanity- if you have the religion's fervor, step beyond the gold. [DS 52]

To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything in the earth, and God is suf- ficient as a trustee. This is an admonishment to the sincerely truthful and the lovers: “The seven heavens, the seven earths, and everything within them all belong to Me. I did not create them that you should turn your face toward them and attach your heart to them, remaining with them and being held back from Me. Rather, I created them to show them to you and to adorn them for your soul. Then, when you put aside everything and bring your face to Me, I will bring all of them into your service and put them all in your hands.” This meaning is in the report, “O this world! Serve those who serve Me, and trouble those who serve you!” The story of Sahl Tustarī is well known. The caliph of the day offered great wealth to him, but he did not accept anything. Someone asked him why he had not accepted. Sahl called upon God to lift the veil from the eyes of the questioner, who then looked and saw a world full of gems and pearls. Sahl said, “O chevalier! I have no need for the wealth of the caliph. The whole world is at my command. The storehouses of the earth have been offered to me, but I do not want them.” Why do you stay in this low place like crows looking for carrion? Break the cage and fly at once like peacocks to the heights. All on the face of gold and gems is unbelief and satanity- if you have the religion's fervor, step beyond the gold. [DS 52]

To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything in the earth, and God is suf- ficient as a trustee. This is an admonishment to the sincerely truthful and the lovers: “The seven heavens, the seven earths, and everything within them all belong to Me. I did not create them that you should turn your face toward them and attach your heart to them, remaining with them and being held back from Me. Rather, I created them to show them to you and to adorn them for your soul. Then, when you put aside everything and bring your face to Me, I will bring all of them into your service and put them all in your hands.” This meaning is in the report, “O this world! Serve those who serve Me, and trouble those who serve you!” The story of Sahl Tustarī is well known. The caliph of the day offered great wealth to him, but he did not accept anything. Someone asked him why he had not accepted. Sahl called upon God to lift the veil from the eyes of the questioner, who then looked and saw a world full of gems and pearls. Sahl said, “O chevalier! I have no need for the wealth of the caliph. The whole world is at my command. The storehouses of the earth have been offered to me, but I do not want them.” Why do you stay in this low place like crows looking for carrion? Break the cage and fly at once like peacocks to the heights. All on the face of gold and gems is unbelief and satanity- if you have the religion's fervor, step beyond the gold. [DS 52]

To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything in the earth, and God is suf- ficient as a trustee. This is an admonishment to the sincerely truthful and the lovers: “The seven heavens, the seven earths, and everything within them all belong to Me. I did not create them that you should turn your face toward them and attach your heart to them, remaining with them and being held back from Me. Rather, I created them to show them to you and to adorn them for your soul. Then, when you put aside everything and bring your face to Me, I will bring all of them into your service and put them all in your hands.” This meaning is in the report, “O this world! Serve those who serve Me, and trouble those who serve you!” The story of Sahl Tustarī is well known. The caliph of the day offered great wealth to him, but he did not accept anything. Someone asked him why he had not accepted. Sahl called upon God to lift the veil from the eyes of the questioner, who then looked and saw a world full of gems and pearls. Sahl said, “O chevalier! I have no need for the wealth of the caliph. The whole world is at my command. The storehouses of the earth have been offered to me, but I do not want them.” Why do you stay in this low place like crows looking for carrion? Break the cage and fly at once like peacocks to the heights. All on the face of gold and gems is unbelief and satanity- if you have the religion's fervor, step beyond the gold. [DS 52]

To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything in the earth, and God is suf- ficient as a trustee.This is an admonishment to the sincerely truthful and the lovers: �The seven heavens, the seven earths, and everything within them all belong to Me. I did not create them that you should turn your face toward them and attach your heart to them, remaining with them and being held back from Me. Rather, I created them to show them to you and to adorn them for your soul. Then, when you put aside everything and bring your face to Me, I will bring all of them into your service and put them all in your hands.� This meaning is in the report, �O this world! Serve those who serve Me, and trouble those who serve you!�The story of Sahl Tustarī is well known. The caliph of the day offered great wealth to him, but he did not accept anything. Someone asked him why he had not accepted. Sahl called upon God to lift the veil from the eyes of the questioner, who then looked and saw a world full of gems and pearls. Sahl said, �O chevalier! I have no need for the wealth of the caliph. The whole world is at my command. The storehouses of the earth have been offered to me, but I do not want them.�Why do you stay in this low place like crows looking for carrion? Break the cage and fly at once like peacocks to the heights.All on the face of gold and gems is unbelief and satanity-if you have the religion's fervor, step beyond the gold. [DS 52]

ولله ملك ما في هذا الكون من الكائنات، وكفى به سبحانه قائمًا بشؤون خلقه حافظًا لها.

وقوله "ولله ما في السموات وما في الأرض وكفى بالله وكيلا" أي هو القائم على كل نفس بما كسبت الرقيب الشهيد على كل شيء.

ثم أكد - سبحانه - هيمنته على هذا الكون وملكيته له فقال : ( وَللَّهِ مَا فِي السماوات وَمَا فِي الأرض وكفى بالله وَكِيلاً ) .أى : ولله - تعالى - وحده ما فى السماوات وما فى الأرض ملكا وتصرفا وإيجادا وإعداما . وإحياء وإماتة . وكفى بالله - تعالى - وكيلا فى تدبير أمرو خلقه ، وحفظه لمصالحهم .والوكيل هو القيم والكفيل بالأمر الذى يوكل إليه .وقد ذكر - سبحانه - فى هاتين الآيتين ملكيته لما فى السماوات ومافى الأرض ثلاث مرات ، تأكيد العظم سلطانه وقدرته وسعة غناه ورحمته ، حتى ترسخ فى نفوس الناس تقواه وخشيته .قال القرطبى : فإن قال قائل : ما فائدة هذا التكرار؟ فعنه جوابان :أحدهما : أنه كرر تأكيدا ليتنبه العباد وينظروا ما فى ملكوته وأنه غنى عن العالمين .الجواب الثانى : أنه كرر لفوائد : فأخبر فى الأول أن الله - تعالى - يغنى كلا من سعته لأن له ما فى السماوات وما فى الأرض فلا تنفد خزائنه . ثم قال : أوصيناكم وأهل الكتاب بالتقوى وإن تكفروا فإن غنى عنكم لأن له ما فى السماوات والأرض . ثم أعلم فى الثالث بحفظ خلقه وتدبيره إياهم بقوله ( وكفى بالله وَكِيلاً ) ، لأن له ما فى السماوات وما فى الأرض . . .

القول في تأويل قوله : وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلا (132)قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: ولله ملك جميع ما حوته السموات والأرض، وهو القيِّم بجمعيه، والحافظ لذلك كله، لا يعزب عنه علم شيء منه، ولا يؤوده حفظه وتدبيره، كما:-10675 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا هشام، عن عمرو، عن سعيد، عن قتادة: " وكفى بالله وكيلا "، قال: حفيظًا. (66)* * *فإن قال قائل: وما وجه تكرار قوله: " ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض " في آيتين، إحداهما في إثر الأخرى؟قيل: كرّر ذلك، لاختلاف معنى الخبرين عما في السموات والأرض في الآيتين. وذلك أن الخبر عنه في إحدى الآيتين: ذكرُ حاجته إلى بارئه، وغنى بارئه عنه - وفي الأخرى: حفظ بارئه إياه، وعلمه به وتدبيره. (67)فإن قال: أفلا قيل: " وكان الله غنيًّا حميدًا ، وكفى بالله وكيلا "؟قيل: إن الذي في الآية التي قال فيها: وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا حَمِيدًا ، مما صلح أن يختم ما ختم به من وصف الله بالغنى وأنه محمود، ولم يذكر فيها ما يصلح أن يختم بوصفه معه بالحفظ والتدبير. فلذلك كرّر قوله: " ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض " .-------------------الهوامش :(66) انظر تفسير"الوكيل" فيما سلف 7 : 405 / 8 : 566 / 9 : 193.(67) في المطبوعة: "حفظ بارئه إياه به ، وعلمه به وتدبيره" ، والصواب كله من المخطوطة.

( ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وكفى بالله وكيلا ) قال عكرمة عن ابن عباس : يعني شهيدا أن فيها عبيدا ، وقيل : دافعا ومجيرا .فإن قيل : فأي فائدة في تكرار قوله تعالى ( ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض ) قيل : لكل واحد منهما وجه ، أما الأول : فمعناه لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وهو يوصيكم بالتقوى فاقبلوا وصيته ، وأما الثاني فيقول : فإن لله ما في السموات وما في الأرض وكان الله غنيا أي : هو الغني وله الملك فاطلبوا منه ما تطلبون وأما الثالث فيقول : ( ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وكفى بالله وكيلا ) أي : له الملك فاتخذوه وكيلا ولا تتوكلوا على غيره .

وأمّا جملة { ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وكفَى بالله وكيلاً } فهي عطف على جملة { ولقد وصيّنا } ، أتى بها تميهداً لقوله : { إن يشأ يذهبكم } فهي مراد بها معناها الكنائي الذي هو التمكّن من التصرّف بالإيجاد والإعدام ، ولذلك لا يحسن الوقف على قوله : { وكيلاً } . فقد تكرّرت جملة { ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض } هنا ثلاث مرّات متتاليات متّحدة لفظاً ومعنى أصلياً ، ومختلفة الأغراض الكنائية المقصودة منها ، وسبقتها جملة نظيرتهنّ : وهي ما تقدّم من قوله : { ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وكان الله بكلّ شيء محيطاً } [ النساء : 126 ] . فحصل تكرارها أربع مرات في كلام متناسق . فأمّا الأولى السابقة فهي واقعة موقع التعليل لجملة { إنّ الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء } [ النساء : 116 ] ، ولقوله : { ومن يشرك بالله فقد ضلّ ضلالاً بعيداً } [ النساء : 116 ] ، والتذييللِ لهما ، والاحتراس لجملة { واتّخذ الله إبراهيم خليلاً } [ النساء : 125 ] ، كما ذكرناه آنفاً . وأما الثانية التي بعدها فواقعة موقع التعليل لجملة { يغني الله كلاَّ من سعته } . وأما الثالثة التي تليها فهي علّة للجواب المحذوف ، وهو جواب قوله : { وإن تكفروا } ؛ فالتقدير : وإن تكفروا فإنّ الله غنيّ عن تقواكم وإيمانكم فإنّ له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وكان ولا يزال غنيّاً حميداً . وأمّا الرابعة التي تليها فعاطفة على مقدّر معطوف على جواب الشرط تقديره : وإن تكفروا بالله وبرسوله فإنّ الله وكيل عليكم ووكيل عن رسوله وكفى بالله وكيلاً .

ثم كرر إحاطة ملكه لما في السماوات وما في الأرض، وأنه على كل شيء وكيل، أي: عالم قائم بتدبير الأشياء على وجه الحكمة، فإن ذلك من تمام الوكالة، فإن الوكالة تستلزم العلم بما هو وكيل عليه، والقوة والقدرة على تنفيذه وتدبيره، وكون ذلك التدبير على وجه الحكمة والمصلحة، فما نقص من ذلك فهو لنقص بالوكيل، والله تعالى منزه عن كل نقص.

ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وكفى بالله وكيلا إن قال قائل : ما فائدة هذا التكرير ؟ فعنه جوابان : أحدهما : أنه كرر تأكيدا ؛ ليتنبه العباد وينظروا ما في ملكوته وملكه وأنه غني عن العالمين .الجواب الثاني : أنه كرر لفوائد : فأخبر في الأول أن الله تعالى يغني كلا من سعته ؛ لأن له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض فلا تنفد خزائنه . ثم قال : أوصيناكم وأهل الكتاب بالتقوى وإن تكفروا أي وإن تكفروا فإنه غني عنكم ؛ لأن له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض . ثم أعلم في الثالث بحفظ خلقه وتدبيره إياهم بقوله : وكفى بالله وكيلا لأن له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض . وقال : ما في السماوات ولم يقل من في السماوات ؛ لأنه ذهب به مذهب الجنس ، وفي السماوات والأرض من يعقل ومن لا يعقل .

The present world is a world of trial. Here everyone is being tested to find out who is good and who is bad. To serve this purpose the present world has been built to provide for every kind of freedom. In this world one even has the liberty to label one’s misdeeds as good deeds. Here people have every opportunity to be involved in all kinds of sinful acts, yet pass themselves off as pious people. Here people find beautiful words to justify themselves. Here it is possible to refute an open truth and find a beautiful explanation to justify its denial. Here it is possible for one to build his life on honour-seeking, popularity, hoarding, self-interest, expediency, self-glorification, and yet succeed in convincing others that he is engaged in the genuine cause of truth. Here it is possible for a person to exploit God’s religion for the achievement of his worldly and material purposes, and yet continue to flourish in this world. Here it is possible to abandon what is lawful in favour of what is unlawful; to take the path of tyranny instead of justice, and yet go scot free. In all these instances, if man wanted, he could bind himself either to truth and justice or to injustice and haughtiness. The truth is that, of all the aspects of man’s relationship with God, what is of most importance is whether man fears God or not. Because it is fear of God which enables the individual to lead a responsible life. Without the fear of God, there is nothing to check one from following the path of evil. This is particularly true in a world where evil can be couched in beautiful words to mislead the people; in a world where great personal advancement can be achieved on the basis of injustice; where every tyrant finds fine words to hide his tyranny.

Sequence After having stated the rules of behaviour as related to women and orphans, the text now reminds the promise of rewards for those abiding by these rules, and the warning for those contravening them, which is the usual style of the Holy Qur'an. Significant Inferences Readily noticeable here is the repetition of لِّلَّـهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْ‌ضِ which means that everything created in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allah. Repeated thrice, these words signify three shades of meaning. In the first place, the aim is to point out to the limitless scope of Allah's power of creation which lacks nothing. In the second instance, the objective is to focus on Allah's attribute of self sufficiency, self-adequacy and His being need-free. It means: Should one disbelieve, deny or reject the good counsel given, He is in no need of anyone's obedience for He stands ever-praised in His pristine glory.

(Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth) of created beings. (And Allah is sufficient as Defender) as Lord.