The Kneeling, Crouching — Verse 2
45:2 · al-Jathiyah
Verse display
تَنزِیلُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡعَزِیزِ ٱلۡحَكِیمِ ٢
tanzīlu l-kitābi mina l-lahi l-ʿazīzi l-ḥakīm
The Kneeling, Crouching / al-Jathiyah (45:2)
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
-
Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
This Scripture is sent down from God, the Mighty, the Wise
tanzīlu l-kitābi mina l-lahi l-ʿazīzi l-ḥakīm
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Tafsir Commentary
The revelation of the Book the Qur’ān tanzīlu’l-kitābi the subject is from God mina’Llāhi the predicate thereof the Mighty in His kingdom the Wise in His actions.
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
A Directive to contemplate over Allah's Ayat
Allah directs His servants to contemplate His favors and gifts, as well as His great power that is demonstrated by His creating the heavens and the earth and the various types and categories of creatures in them. There are the angels, Jinns, humans, animals, birds, beasts, carnivores, insects and various kinds of sea creatures. The night and day alternate, each follows the other in succession, never ceasing to come, as decreed. One brings darkness and one brings light. Allah the Exalted also sends down the rain from the clouds when it is most needed. He is calling the rain, `provision', because it is the resource that produces various provisions,
فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الاٌّرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا
(and revives therewith the earth after its death,) after it was dry and had no vegetation or life of any kind. Allah said next,
وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَـحِ
(and in the turning about of the winds,) sometimes towards the south and sometimes towards the north. Some are easterly winds and some are westerly winds, some bringing sea breezes and some blow from the land, some coming at night and some by day. Some winds bring rain, some cause pollination and some winds just revive the soul, while some others bear no benefit. Allah said first.
لاّيَـتٍ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(are signs for the believers), then
يُوقِنُونَ
(who have faith with certainty), then
يَعْقِلُونَ
(who understand), thus ascending from one honorable stage to what is more honorable and higher in grade. These Ayat are similar to an Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah
إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِى تَجْرِى فِى الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مِن مَّآءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الاٌّرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَـحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَآءِ وَالأَرْضِ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
(Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, and the ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind, and the water which Allah sends down from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its death, and the moving creatures of all kinds that He has spread therein, and in the veering of winds and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth, are indeed signs for people of understanding.) (2:164)
هذا القرآن منزل من الله العزيز في انتقامه من أعدائه، الحكيم في تدبير أمور خلقه.
يخبر تعالى أنه أنزل الكتاب على عبده ورسوله محمد صلوات الله وسلامه عليه دائما إلى يوم الدين ووصف نفسه بالعزة التي لا ترام والحكمة في الأقوال والأفعال.
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( تَنزِيلُ الكتاب مِنَ الله العزيز الحكيم ) بيان لمصدر هذا القرآن ، وأنه من عند الله - تعالى - لا من عند غيره .أى : هذا القرآن من الله - تعالى - صاحب العزة التى لا عزة سواها ، وصاحب الحكمة التى لا تقاربها حكمة ، فهو - سبحانه - القاهر فوق عباده وهو الحكيم فى كل تصرفاته .
وأما قوله: ( تَنـزيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ ) فإن معناه: هذا تنـزيل القرآن من عند الله (العَزِيزِ) في انتقامه من أعدائه (الحَكِيمِ) في تدبيره أمر خلقه.
" تنزيل الكتاب من الله العزيز الحكيم "
.تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ (2)استئناف ابتدائي وهو جملة مركبة من مبتدأ وخبر . { الكتاب } هو المعهود وهو ما نزل من القرآن إلى تلك الساعة .والمقصود : إثبات أن القرآن موحى به من الله إلى رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم فكان مقتضى الظاهر أن يجعل القرآن مسنداً إليه ويخبر عنه فيقال القرآن مُنزّل من الله العزيز الحكيم لأن كونه منزلاً من الله هو محل الجدال فيقتضي أن يكون هو الخبر ولو أذعنوا لكونه تنزيلاً لَمَا كان منهم نزاع في أن تنزيله من الله ولكن خولف مُقتضَى الظاهر لغرضين :أحدهما : التشويق إلى تلقي الخبر لأنهم إذا سمعوا الابتداء بتنزيل الكتاب استشرفوا إلى ما سيخبر عنه؛ فَأمَّا الكافرون فيترقبون أنه سيلقى إليهم وصف جديد لأحوال تنزيل الكتاب فيتهيّأون لخوض جديد من جدالهم وعنادهم ، والمؤمنون يترقبون لِمَا يزيدهم يقيناً بهذا التنزيل .والغرض الثاني : أن يُدَّعى أن كون القرآن تنزيلاً أمر لا يختلف فيه فالذين خالفوا فيه كأنهم خالفوا في كونه منزّلاً من عند الله وهل يكون التنزيل إلا من عند الله فيؤول إلى تأكيد الإخبار بأنه منزل من عند الله إذ لا فرق بين مدلول كونه تنزيلاً وكونه من عند الله إلا باختلاف مفهوم المعنيين دون مَا صْدَقَيْهما على طريقة قوله : { لاَ ريب فيه } [ البقرة : 2 ] .وإيثار وصفي { العزيز الحكيم } بالذكر دون غيرهما من الأسماء الحسنى لإشعار وصف { العزيز } بأن ما نزل منه مناسب لعزته فهو كتاب عزيز كما وصفه تعالى بقوله : { وإنه لكتاب عزيز } [ فصلت : 41 ] ، أي هو غالب لمعانديه ، وذلك لأنه أعجزهم عن معارضته ، ولإشعار وصف { الحكيم } بأن ما نزل من عنده مناسب لِحكمته ، فهو مشتمل على دلائل اليقين والحقيقة ، ففي ذلك إيماء إلى أن إعجازه ، من جانب بلاغته إذ غَلبت بلاغةَ بلغائهم ، ومن جانب معانيه إذْ أعجزت حكمته حكمة الحكماء ، وقد تقدم مثيل هذا في طالعة سورة الزمر وقريب منه في طالعة سورة غافر .
يخبر تعالى خبرا يتضمن الأمر بتعظيم القرآن والاعتناء به وأنه { تَنْزِيلُ } { مِنَ اللَّهِ } المألوه المعبود لما اتصف به من صفات الكمال وانفرد به من النعم الذي له العزة الكاملة والحكمة التامة.
تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ" حم " مبتدأ و " تنزيل " خبره .وقال بعضهم : " حم " اسم السورة .و " تنزيل الكتاب " مبتدأ .وخبره " من الله " .والكتاب القرآن .الْعَزِيزِالمنيع .الْحَكِيمِالحكيم في فعله
To say that the Quran is a revelation from the All-Powerful and Wise God amounts to giving on His behalf a definite standard on the basis of which its veracity can be demonstrated. Its divine origin means, moreover, that it will prove to be unassailable. The Quran will, in any case, prevail over its opponents. This statement was made in the Makkan period. At that time, circumstances were entirely against the Quran. But later history has most wonderfully testified to the veracity of this statement. The call given by the Quran met with the greatest success in history. Similarly, the notion of revelation from God the Omniscient and Almighty implies that all its contents must be based on knowledge and wisdom. The Quran was revealed before the age of science. But now, even in this age of science nothing mentioned in the Quran has been proved irrational. Furthermore, all the things in the Universe spread out far and near are testimonies to the truth of the Quran’s message. However, this testimony will be valid only for one who possesses a receptive and believing mind; who is capable of grasping the real meaning of such matters as are expressed in the language of signs.
Commentary
This entire Surah was revealed at Makkah except for one verse. According to one view, the following verse was revealed at Madinah: لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَغْفِرُوا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّـهِ ("Tell those who believe that they should forgive those who do not believe in Allah's days ... 45:14) ". According to this opinion, the rest of the Surah was revealed at Makkah. The overwhelming view, however, is that the entire Surah was revealed before hijrah or migration. Like other Makki Surahs, its basic subject-matter is the basic beliefs of Islam, such as Oneness of Allah, messenger-ship of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the Hereafter.
Arguments and evidence have been adduced in favour of all fundamental articles of Islamic Faith. Evidence, especially in favour of the Hereafter, has been advanced. Criticisms of atheists, and the fallacious arguments of the sceptics have been refuted elaborately.
(The revelation of the Scripture is) this Scripture is a speech (from Allah, the Mighty) in retribution against those who disbelieve in Him, (the Wise) He enjoined that none should be worshipped beside Him; and it is also said that this means: the Mighty in His dominion and sovereignty, the Wise in His command and decree.