Muhammad — Verse 5

He will guide them in this world and in the Hereafter to what benefits them and rightly dispose their minds their condition in both with that guidance and disposal in this world being for those who were not slain but who have been included in the statement ‘and those who were slain’ qutilū because of the predominance therein of those who were slain.

The Command to strike the Enemies' Necks, tighten Their Bonds, and then free Them either by an Act of Grace or for a Ransom Guiding the believers to what they should employ in their fights against the idolators, Allah says, فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ (So, when you meet those who disbelieve (in battle), smite their necks) which means, `when you fight against them, cut them down totally with your swords.' حَتَّى إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ (until you have fully defeated them,) meaning, `you have killed and utterly destroyed them.' فَشُدُّواْ الْوَثَاقَ (tighten their bonds.) `This is referring to the prisoners of war whom you have captured. Later on, after the war ends and the conflict has ceased, you have a choice in regard to the captives: You may either act graciously toward them by setting them free without charge, or free them for a ransom that you require from them.' It appears that this Ayah was revealed after the battle of Badr. At that time, Allah reproached the believers for sparing many of the enemy's soldiers, and holding too many captives in order to take ransom from them. So He said then: مَا كَانَ لِنَبِىٍّ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الاٌّرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الاٌّخِرَةَ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ - لَّوْلاَ كِتَـبٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَآ أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (It is not for a Prophet to have captives of war until he had made a great slaughter (among the enemies) in the land. You desire the commodities of this world, but Allah desires (for you) the Hereafter. Allah is Mighty and Wise. Were it not for a prior decree from Allah, a severe torment would have touched you for what you took.) (8:67-68) Allah's saying, حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا (...until the war lays down its burden.) Mujahid said: "Until `Isa bin Maryam (peace be upon him) descends." It seems as if he derived this opinion from the Prophet's saying, «لَا تَزَالُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي ظَاهِرِينَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ حَتْى يُقَاتِلَ آخِرُهُمُ الدَّجَّال» (There will always be a group of my Ummah victorious upon the truth, until the last of them fight against Ad-Dajjal.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Jubayr bin Nufayr who reported from Salamah bin Nufayl that he went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "I have let my horse go, and thrown down my weapon, for the war has ended. There is no more fighting." Then the Prophet said to him, «الْانَ جَاءَ الْقِتَالُ، لَا تَزَالُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي ظَاهِرِينَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، يُزِيغُ اللهُ تَعَالَى قُلُوبَ أَقْوَام، فَيُقَاتِلُونَهُمْ وَيَرْزُقُهُمُ اللهُ مِنْهُمْ حَتْى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللهِ وَهُمْ عَلَى ذلِكَ، أَلَا إِنَّ عُقْرَ دَارِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الشَّامُ، وَالْخَيْلُ مَعْقُودٌ فِي نَوَاصِيهَا الْخَيْرُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَة» (Now the time of fighting has come. There will always be a group of my Ummah dominant over others. Allah will turn the hearts of some people away (from the truth), so they (that group) will fight against them, and Allah will bestow on them (war spoils) from them (the enemies) -- until Allah's command comes to pass while they are in that state. Verily, the center of the believers' abode is Ash-Sham. And goodness is tied around the horses' foreheads till the Day of Resurrection.) An-Nasa'i also recorded this narration. Allah then says, ذَلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ اللَّهُ لاَنْتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ (Thus, and had Allah so willed, He could have taken vengeance against them;) which means that had He so willed, He could have taken immediate vengeance against the disbelievers with a chastisement or exemplary punishment directly from Him. وَلَـكِن لِّيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ (but (He lets you struggle) so as to test with one another.) meaning, He has ordered Jihad and fighting against the enemies in order to try you and test your affairs. Allah also expresses His wisdom by the legislation of Jihad in the following two Surahs, Al `Iman and At-Tawbah, in which He says, أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُواْ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَـهَدُواْ مِنكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّـبِرِينَ (Or did you think that you would enter the Paradise before Allah had made evident those of you who fight in His cause and made evident those who are steadfast) (3:142) قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ - وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (Fight them; Allah will then punish them by your hands, disgrace them, grant you victory over them, satisfy the breasts of a believing people, and remove the fury of their (the believers') hearts. Allah turns in forgiveness to whom He wills; Allah is Knowing and Wise.) ( 9:14-15) Merit of the Martyrs Since it is customary during wars that many of the believers die, Allah says: وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ (But those who are killed in the way of Allah, He will never let their deeds be lost.) which means that He would not let their good deeds go to waste, but would rather multiply and increase them. Some of them will continue being rewarded for their good deeds for the entire length of their stay in Al-Barzakh. This has been mentioned in a Hadith recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad on the authority of Kathir bin Murrah, who reported from Qays Al-Judhami, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «يُعْطَى الشَّهِيدُ سِتَّ خِصَالٍ عِنْدَ أَوَّلِ قَطْرَةٍ مِنْ دَمِهِ: تُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ، وَيَرَى مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَيُزَوَّجُ مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِين، وَيَأْمَنُ مِنَ الْفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَرِ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَيُحَلَّى حُلَّةَ الْإِيمَان» (As the first drop of his blood gushes forth, a martyr is granted six merits: all of his sins are forgiven, he is shown his place in Paradise, he is married to wide-eyed Huris, he is secured from the great fear (on Judgement Day) and the torment of the grave, and he is adorned with the adornments of Iman.) Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith. Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased with him, reported that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «يُشَفَّعُ الشَّهِيدُ فِي سَبْعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِه» (A martyr is allowed to intercede for seventy members of his household. ) This was recorded by Abu Dawud, and there are numerous other Hadiths mentioning the merits of the martyrs. As for Allah's saying, سَيَهْدِيهِمْ (He will guide them) meaning, He will guide them to Jannah. This is similar to Allah's saying, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهِمُ الاٌّنْهَـرُ فِي جَنَّـتِ النَّعِيمِ (Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous good deeds, their Lord will guide them because of their Faith: beneath them rivers will flow in the Gardens of Pleasure.) (10:9) Allah says, وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ (and amend their condition.) meaning, their situation and affairs. وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ (And (He will) admit them to Paradise, which He has made known to them.) It means that He has acquainted them with Paradise and guided them to it. Mujahid said: "The people of Paradise will be guided to their houses and dwellings and whatever sections Allah has ordained for them in it. They will not make mistakes in this, nor will they ask anyone for directions to their dwellings -- as if they had dwelt in it from the time they were first created." Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «إِذَا خَلَصَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ مِنَ النَّارِ حُبِسُوا بِقَنْطَرَةٍ بَيْنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ، يَتَقَاصُّونَ مَظَالِمَ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا، حَتْى إذَا هُذِّبُوا وَنُقُّوا أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي دُخُولِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ بِمَنْزِلِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَهْدَى مِنْهُ بِمَنْزِلِهِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي الدُّنْيَا» (After the believers securely pass the Fire (on the Day of Judgement), they will be held back upon a bridge between Paradise and the Fire. There, they will have any acts of injustice that they committed against one another in the life of this world rectified. After they are completely purified and cleansed (from injustice), they will be admitted into Paradise. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, each one of them will find his way to his dwelling in Paradise better than he found his way to his dwelling in the worldly life.) Support Allah's Cause, He will then support You Allah then says: يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِن تَنصُرُواْ اللَّهَ يَنصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ (O you who believe! If you support (the cause of) Allah, He will support you and make your foothold firm.) This is similar to His saying, وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ (Indeed, Allah will surely support those who support Him (His cause).) (22:40) That is because the reward is comparable to the type of deed that is performed. Thus, Allah says here, وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ (and make your foothold firm.) Allah then says, وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَتَعْساً لَّهُمْ (But as for those who disbelieve -- misery awaits them) This misery is the opposite of making firm the footholds of the believers who support the cause of Allah and His Messenger . It has been confirmed in a Hadith that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «تَعِسَ عَبْدُالدِّينَارِ، تَعِسَ عَبْدُالدِّرْهَمِ، تَعِسَ عَبْدُالْقَطِيفَةِ، تَعِسَ وَانْتَكَسَ وَإِذَا شِيكَ فَلَا انْتَقَش» (Misery awaits the servant of the Dinar; misery awaits the servant of the Dirham; misery awaits the servant of velvet. Misery awaits him, and degeneracy; and if he is pricked by a thorn, may he not find anyone to pull it for him.) This means may Allah not cure him. Then Allah says, وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ (and (Allah) will make their deeds vain.) meaning, He will nullify them and make them fruitless. Thus, Allah says, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ (That is because they hate that which Allah has sent down;) which means that they did not want or like what Allah revealed. فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ (so He made their deeds fruitless.)

فإذا لقيتم- أيها المؤمنون- الذين كفروا في ساحات الحرب فاصدقوهم القتال، واضربوا منهم الأعناق، حتى إذا أضعفتموهم بكثرة القتل، وكسرتم شوكتهم، فأحكموا قيد الأسرى: فإما أن تَمُنُّوا عليهم بفك أسرهم بغير عوض، وإما أن يفادوا أنفسهم بالمال أو غيره، وإما أن يُسْتَرَقُّوا أو يُقْتَلوا، واستمِرُّوا على ذلك حتى تنتهي الحرب. ذلك الحكم المذكور في ابتلاء المؤمنين بالكافرين ومداولة الأيام بينهم، ولو يشاء الله لانتصر للمؤمنين من الكافرين بغير قتال، ولكن جعل عقوبتهم على أيديكم، فشرع الجهاد؛ ليختبركم بهم، ولينصر بكم دينه. والذين قُتلوا في سبيل الله من المؤمنين فلن يُبْطِل الله ثواب أعمالهم، سيوفقهم أيام حياتهم في الدنيا إلى طاعته ومرضاته، ويُصْلح حالهم وأمورهم وثوابهم في الدنيا والآخرة، ويدخلهم الجنة، عرَّفهم بها ونعتها لهم، ووفقهم للقيام بما أمرهم به -ومن جملته الشهادة في سبيله-، ثم عرَّفهم إذا دخلوا الجنة منازلهم بها.

"سيهديهم" أي إلى الجنة كقوله تعالى "إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات يهديهم ربهم بإيمانهم تجري من تحتهم الأنهار في جنات النعيم" وقوله عز وجل "ويصلح بالهم" أي أمرهم وحالهم.

بل ( سَيَهْدِيهِمْ ) أى : بل سيوصلهم إلى طريق السعادة والفلاح .( وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ ) أى : ويصلح أحوالهم وشئونهم وقلوبهم .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ (5)يقول تعالى ذكره: سيوفق الله تعالى ذكره للعمل بما يرضى ويحبّ, هؤلاء الذين قاتلوا في سبيله,( وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ ) ويصلح أمرهم وحالهم في الدنيا والآخرة .

( سيهديهم ) أيام حياتهم في الدنيا إلى أرشد الأمور ، وفي الآخرة إلى الدرجات ( ويصلح بالهم ) يرضي خصماءهم ويقبل أعمالهم .

سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ (5(* سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ * وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الجنة عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ * ياأيها الذين ءامنوا إِن تَنصُرُواْ الله يَنصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ } إلى قوله : { وإما فداء } ، فإن ذلك من مظاهر إهانة الذين كفروا فذُكر هنا ما هو من رفعة الذين قاتلوا في سبيل الله من المؤمنين بعناية الله بهم .وجملة { والذين قاتلوا في سبيل الله } الخ عطف على جملة { فإذا لَقِيتُمُ الذين كفروا فضرب الرقاب } الآية فإنه لما أمرهم بقتال المشركين أعقب الأمر بوعد الجزاء على فعله .وذكر { الذين قاتلوا في سبيل الله } إظهار في مقام الإضمار إذ كان مقتضى الظاهر أن يقال : فلن يُضل الله أعمالكم ، وهكذا بأسلوب الخطاب ، فعدل عن مقتضى الظاهر من الإضمار إلى الإظهار ليكون في تقديم المسند إليه على الخبر الفعلي إفادة تقوّي الخبر ، وليكون ذريعة إلى الإتيان بالموصول للتنويه بصلته ، وللإيماء إلى وجه بناء الخبر على الصلة بأن تلك الصلة هي علة ما ورد بعدها من الخبر .فجملة { فلن يضل أعمالهم } خبر عن الموصول ، وقرنت بالفاء لإفادة السببية في ترتب ما بعد الفاء على صلة الموصول لأن الموصول كثيراً ما يشرب معنى الشرط فيقرن خبره بالفاء ، وبذلك تكون صيغة الماضي في فعل { قاتلوا } منصرفة إلى الاستقبال لأن ذلك مقتضى الشرط . وجملة { سيهديهم } وما عطف عليها بيان لجملة { فلن يضل أعمالهم } . وتقدم الكلام آنفاً على معنى إضلال الأعمال وإصلاح البال .

{ سَيَهْدِيهِمْ } إلى سلوك الطريق الموصلة إلى الجنة، { وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ } أي: حالهم وأمورهم، وثوابهم يكون صالحا كاملا لا نكد فيه، ولا تنغيص بوجه من الوجوه.

قوله تعالى : سيهديهم ويصلح بالهمقال القشيري : قراءة أبي عمرو قتلوا بعيدة ، لقوله تعالى : سيهديهم ويصلح بالهم والمقتول لا يوصف بهذا . قال غيره : يكون المعنى سيهديهم إلى الجنة ، أو سيهدي من بقي منهم ، أي : يحقق لهم الهداية . وقال ابن زياد : سيهديهم إلى محاجة منكر ونكير في القبر . قال أبو المعالي : وقد ترد الهداية والمراد بها إرشاد المؤمنين إلى مسالك الجنان والطرق المفضية إليها ، ومن ذلك قوله تعالى في صفة المجاهدين : فلن يضل أعمالهم . سيهديهم ومنه قوله تعالى : فاهدوهم إلى صراط الجحيم معناه فاسلكوا بهم إليها .

Here, disbelievers or rejectors refers to those who did not embrace the Faith despite compelling arguments having been put forward in its favour. Moreover, they unjustifiably waged war against the Prophet Muhammad and thus compelled the Prophet to take defensive steps. As regards such people, it has been ordained that in case of confrontation with them, they should be fought against and crushed, so that they should not be able to place impediments in the way of the mission of Truth. It has ever been the rule of God that those who rejected their Prophet would be destroyed after the conclusion of arguments. But in case of the last prophet, it was the will of God that, through him and his companions, the age of polytheism should be brought to an end and a new era of history should be brought into existence on the strength of the oneness of God. For this, epoch-making men were needed and their selection could be done only under the most trying circumstances: this purpose was achieved by sending the companions of the Prophet of God into the war waged by his opponents. Paradise is the most familiar and best known concept for a believer. He not only hears about it from the Prophet, but also, by means of his developed inner knowledge (ma‘rifah), gains an intuitive understanding of it. It is still this deep understanding of the unseen, hidden Paradise that inspires and encourages man to seek it, regardless of the sacrifices to be made. Had it not been so, nobody would have sacrificed today’s world in the hopes of entering tomorrow’s Paradise.

سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ (He will guide them, and will set aright their state of affairs - 47:5). This sentence refers to two of Allah's bounties: First, He will steer them by His guidance; and secondly, He will improve their conditions. The word "state of affairs" includes the conditions of both the worlds - those of this world and those of the Hereafter. Even if a Muslim did not acquire the glorious privilege of a martyr in this world, he too will receive the reward of a martyr; and in the Hereafter he will be spared the torment of the grave and the anxiety of resurrection. If he violated the rights of some human beings, Allah will take upon Himself the responsibility of vindicating him and clearing him of all blame. Steering them by His guidance through the Holy Prophet ﷺ means causing them to reach their desired destination which is the Paradise. The Qur'an says that the inmates of Paradise, having entered the gardens of Paradise, will show their gratitude to Allah by saying: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ الَّذِي هَدَانَا لِهَـٰذَا "All praise to Allah who has led us unto this. [ 7:43].

(He will guide them) He will give them success to perform righteous deeds (and improve their state) and improve their condition and intention; it is also said that this means: He will save them in the Hereafter and improve their state and accept their works on the Day of Judgement,

He will guide them and dispose their minds aright.He said:This means that He will guide them in their graves to answer Munkar and Nakīr correctly; and dispose their minds aright, that is, He will bring about the commencement of the reward in their hearts [in the grave] (jazāʾ), and in the Hereafter, the delight of the meeting [with Him] (ladhdhat al-liqāʾ) at the moment of the manifestation (tajallī) of unveiling (mukāshafa), as a face-to-face encounter (kifāḥan), and thereupon, [His] taking care (tawallī) of them, as when He says: