The Table, The Table Spread — Verse 120
5:120 · al-Ma`idah
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لِلَّهِ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا فِیهِنَّۚ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرُۢ ١٢٠
lillahi mul'ku l-samāwāti wal-arḍi wamā fīhinna wahuwa ʿalā kulli shayin qadīru
The Table, The Table Spread / al-Ma`idah (5:120)
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 3 verses 4 mentions total
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
Control of the heavens and earth and everything in them belongs to God: He has power over all things
lillahi mul'ku l-samāwāti wal-arḍi wamā fīhinna wahuwa ʿalā kulli shayin qadīru
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Tafsir Commentary
Only Truth will be of Benefit on the Day of Resurrection
Allah answers His servant and Messenger `Isa, son of Maryam, after he disowns the disbelieving Christians who lied about Allah and His Messenger, and when `Isa refers their end to the will of his Lord,
هَـذَا يَوْمُ يَنفَعُ الصَّـدِقِينَ صِدْقُهُمْ
(This is a Day on which the truthful will profit from their truth.) Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas commented, "This is the Day when Tawhid will benefit those who believed in it."
لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٌ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَداً
(Theirs are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise) -- they shall abide therein forever.) and they will never be removed from it,
رِّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ
(Allah is pleased with them and they with Him.)
وَرِضْوَنٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ
(But the greatest bliss is the good pleasure of Allah.) 9:72 We will mention the Hadiths about this Ayah 9:72 later on. Allah's statement,
ذلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ
(That is the great success.) means, this is the great success, other than which there is no greater success. Allah said in another Ayat,
لِمِثْلِ هَـذَا فَلْيَعْمَلِ الْعَـمِلُونَ
(For the like of this let the workers work.) 37:61, and,
وَفِى ذَلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَـفِسُونَ
(And for this let (all) those strive who want to strive.) 83:26 Allah's statement,
للَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is therein, and He is able to do all things.) means, He created everything, owns everything, controls the affairs of everything and is able to do all things. Therefore, everything and everyone are in His domain and under His power and will. There is none like Him, nor is there rival, ancestor, son, or wife for Him, nor a lord or god besides Him. Ibn Wahb said that he heard Huyay bin `Abdullah saying that Abu `Abdur-Rahman Al-Habli said that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "The last revealed Surah was Surat Al-Ma'idah."
To God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and of the earth the storehouses of rain vegetation sustenance and everything else and all that is in them wa-mā fīhinna the use of mā ‘that’ indicates the predominance of all those non-rational creations; and He has power over all things including the rewarding of the truthful and the punishing of the liar — He is specifically addressing rational beings for there is none among them with power over all things.
To Him belongs what is in the upper world and in the lower world, both in its exoteric and its esoteric aspect; and all that is in them: His names, His attributes and His acts, and He has power over all things, if He should desire it, He annihilates by the manifesting of His essence, or if He should desire He brings into existence by concealing Himself in His names and attributes.
To Him belongs what is in the upper world and in the lower world, both in its exoteric and its esoteric aspect; and all that is in them: His names, His attributes and His acts, and He has power over all things, if He should desire it, He annihilates by the manifesting of His essence, or if He should desire He brings into existence by concealing Himself in His names and attributes.
لله وحده لا شريك له ملك السموات والأرض وما فيهن، وهو -سبحانه- على كل شيء قدير لا يعجزه شيء.
قوله "لله ملك السموات والأرض وما فيهن وهو على كل شيء قدير" أي هو الخالق للأشياء المالك لها المتصرف فيها القادر عليها فالجميع ملكه وتحت قهره وقدرته وفي مشيئته فلا نظير له ولا وزير ولا عديل ولا والد ولا ولد ولا صاحبة ولا إله غيره ولا رب سواه. قال ابن وهب: سمعت حيي بن عبدالله يحدث عن أبي عبدالرحمن الحبلي عن عبدالله بن عمر قال آخر سورة نزلت سورة المائدة. "تم تفسير سورة المائدة ولله الحمد والمنة".
ثم ختم - سبحانه - السورة الكريمة بهذه الآية الدالة على شمول ملكه لكل شيء في الكون فقال : ( للَّهِ مُلْكُ السماوات والأرض وَمَا فِيهِنَّ وَهُوَ على كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ) .
القول في تأويل قوله : لِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (120)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: أيها النصارى،" لله ملك السموات والأرض " ، يقول: له سلطان السموات والأرض (34) =" وما فيهن " ، دون عيسى الذين تزعمون أنه إلهكم، ودون أمه, ودون جميع من في السموات ومن في الأرض، فإن السموات والأرض خلق من خلقه وما فيهن، وعيسى وأمُّه من بعض ذلك بالحلول والانتقال, يدلان بكونهما في المكان الذي هما فيه بالحلول فيه والانتقال، أنهما عبدان مملوكان لمن له ملك السموات والأرض وما فيهن. ينبِّههم وجميعَ خلقه على موضع حجته عليهم، ليدَّبروه ويعتبروه فيعقلوا عنه =" وهو على كل شيء &; 11-246 &; قدير "، (35) يقول تعالى ذكره: والله الذي له ملك السموات والأرض وما فيهن, قادرٌ على إفنائهن وعلى إهلاكهن، وإهلاك عيسى وأمه ومن في الأرض جميعًا كما ابتدأ خلقهم, لا يعجزه ذلك ولا شيء أراده، لأن قدرته القدرةُ التي لا تشبهها قدرة، وسلطانه السلطان الذي لا يشبهه سلطان ولا مملكة.* * *(آخر تفسير سورة المائدة) (36)---------------(34) انظر تفسير"الملك" فيما سلف 8: 480 ، تعليق : 3 ، والمراجع هناك.(35) انظر تفسير"قدير" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة (قدر).(36) عند هذا الموضع انتهى جزء من التقسيم القديم الذي نقلت عنه نسختنا ، وفيها ما نصه:"آخر تفسير سورة المائدة صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ وآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَسْلِيمًا لا حَوْلَ وَلا قُوَّةَ إلا بِاللهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيم يَتْلُوهُ إنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ، تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الأَنْعَامِ الْحَمْدُ للهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمينَ"
فقال: " لله ملك السموات والأرض وما فيهن وهو على كل شيء قدير " .
تذييل مؤذن بانتهاء الكلام ، لأنّ هذه الجملة جمعت عبودية كلّ الموجودات لله تعالى ، فناسبت ما تقدّم من الردّ على النصارى ، وتضمّنت أنّ جميعها في تصرّفه تعالى فناسبت ما تقدّم من جزاء الصادقين . وفيها معنى التفويض لله تعالى في كلّ ما ينزل ، فآذنت بانتهاء نزول القرآن على القول بأنّ سورة المائدة آخر ما نزل ، وباقتراب وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما في الآية من معنى التسليم لله وأنّه الفعّال لما يريد . وتقديم المجرور باللام مفيد للقصر أي له لا لغيره .وجيء بالموصول ( ما ) في قوله { وما فيهن } دون ( من ) لأنّ ( ما ) هي الأصل في الموصول المبهم فلم يعتبر تغليب العقلاء ، وتقديم المجرور ب { على } في قوله : { على كل شيء قدير } للرعاية على الفاصلة المبنيّة على حرفين بينهما حرف مدّ . { وما فيهنّ } عطف على { ملك } أي لله ما في السماوات والأرض ، كما في سورة البقرة ( 284 ) { لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض } فيفيد قصرها على كونها لله لا لغيره . وليس معطوفاً على السماوات والأرض إذ لا يحسن أن يقال : لله مُلك ما في السماوات والأرض لأنّ الملك يضاف إلى الأقطار والآفاق والأماكن كما حكى الله تعالى : { أليس لي مُلك مصر } [ الزخرف : 51 ] ويضاف إلى صاحب الملك كما في قوله : { على ملك سليمان } [ البقرة : 102 ] . ويقال : في مدّة مُلك الأشوريين أو الرومان .
{ لِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ } لأنه الخالق لهما والمدبر لذلك بحكمه القدري، وحكمه الشرعي، وحكمه الجزائي، ولهذا قال: { وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ } فلا يعجزه شيء، بل جميع الأشياء منقادة لمشيئته، ومسخرة بأمره. تم تفسير سورة المائدة بفضل من الله وإحسان، والحمد لله رب العالمين
قوله تعالى : لله ملك السماوات والأرض وما فيهن وهو على كل شيء قديرقوله تعالى : لله ملك السماوات والأرض الآية . جاء هذا عقب ما جرى من دعوى النصارى في عيسى أنه إله ، فأخبر تعالى أن ملك السماوات والأرض له دون عيسى ودون سائر المخلوقين ، ويجوز أن يكون المعنى أن الذي له ملك السماوات والأرض يعطي الجنات المتقدم ذكرها للمطيعين من عباده ، جعلنا الله منهم بمنه وكرمه . تمت سورة " المائدة " بحمد الله تعالى .
This world has been created for the sake of putting man to the test. Therefore, everybody has freedom here. Here man may prosper even after linking with God and his prophet a religion which is not connected with God and His prophet. Here, even on the strength of imaginary hopes and false wishes, the right to paradise can be claimed. Here, it is possible for a man to create a great fanfare about his leadership and to ‘prove’ that whatever he does is exactly according to the religion of God. But, no such thing will be useful on the Day of Judgement. What will be useful on the Day of Judgment will be that man should prove truthful in the eyes of God. The test of the community bearing the Divine Scripture is not whether they are the claimants of faith or not. Their real test is a demonstration of their ability to prove their claim to Faith.
The Linkage of Verses
The first two sections (Ruku`) appearing earlier describe some of the happenings on the day of Qiyamah such as the reckoning, the questions and their answers. Mentioned now is the outcome of the probe and reckoning of that fateful day.
Commentary
Notes
1. Verse 119 opens with the words: قَالَ اللَّـهُ هَـٰذَا يَوْمُ يَنفَعُ الصَّادِقِينَ صِدْقُهُمْ (Allah said, "This is a day the truth of the truthful shall bring benefit to them). Generally, what is according to what has happened is called truth while that which is not according to what has happened is referred to as false or a lie. But, according to the -Qur'an and Sunnah, sidq (truth) and kidhb کِذب (lie) are general, that is, they refer to both words and deeds. As such, given here is a Hadith in which counter-factual deed has been called kidhb مَن تَحَلَّی بِمَا لَم یُعطَ کَانَ کَلَابِسِ ثَوبَی زُورِ [ that is, whoever adorns himself (or herself) with what has not been given to him (or her) (that is, claims a quality or deed not in him or her) then, it is as if he has put on two garbs of a lie – [ Mishkat ].
There is another Hadith in which one who makes Salah with care and concern, whether in public or in private, has been called a true servant of Allah:
اِن ال (علیہ السلام) عبدَ اِذا صَلَّی فِی السِّرِّ فَاَحسَنَ قَالَ اللہ تَعَالٰی ھٰزَا عَبدی
A person who performs Salah openly, then, does it well; and when performs it in private, then, does it well, then, Allah Ta'ala says: ` This is My servant - in truth. - Mishkat.
2. About the statement: رضِيَ اللَّـهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ (Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him - 119), it appears in Hadith that, after having blessed true believers with Jannah (Paradise), Allah Ta` ala will say: The real blessing is that I am pleased with you and now I shall never be displeased with you.
3. The words appearing after that are: ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (That is the great achievement). Indeed, so it is. When Allah Jalla Sha'nuhu, the Master, the Creator is pleased with you, what else could it be?
فَلِلَّہِ الحَمدُ اَوَّلَہ وَ اٰخِرَہ
All praises are for Allah from the beginning to the end.
(Unto Allah belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth) unto Him belong the stores of the heavens and the earth: rain, lands, vegetation, fruits, etc., (and whatsoever is therein) of created beings and marvels, (and He is Able to do all things) creating the heavens and the earth, and bestowing reward and punishment'.