So endure patiently addressing the Prophet s what they the Jews and others say in the way of anthropomorphic comparisons and denials and glorify with praise of your Lord perform prayers with praise of Him before the rising of the sun in other words perform the morning prayer and before the sunset that is to say perform both the midday and the afternoon prayers;
فاصبر -أيها الرسول- على ما يقوله المكذبون، فإن الله لهم بالمرصاد، وصلِّ لربك حامدًا له صلاة الصبح قبل طلوع الشمس وصلاة العصر قبل الغروب، وصلِّ من الليل، وسبِّحْ بحمد ربك عقب الصلوات.
يعني المكذبين اصبر عليهم واهجرهم هجرا جميلا "وسبح بحمد ربك قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل الغروب" وكانت الصلاة المفروضة قبل الإسراء ثنتان قبل طلوع الشمس في وقت الفجر وقبل الغروب في وقت العصر وقيام الليل كان واجبا على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلى أمته حولا ثم نسخ في حق الأمة وجوبه ثم بعد ذلك نسخ الله تعالى ذلك كله ليلة الإسراء بخمس صلوات ولكن منهن صلاة الصبح والعصر فهما قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل الغروب وقد قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا وكيع حدثنا إسماعيل بن أبي خالد عن قيس بن أبي حازم عن جرير بن عبدالله رضي الله عنهما قال: كنا جلوسا عند النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فنظر إلى القمر ليلة البدر فقال "أما إنكم ستعرضون على ربكم فترونه كما ترون هذا القمر لا تضامون فيه فإن استطعتم أن لا تغلبوا على صلاة قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل غروبها فافعلوا" ثم قرأ "وسبح محمد ربك قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل الغروب" ورواه البخاري ومسلم وبقية الجماعة من حديث إسماعيل به.
والفاء فى قوله : ( فاصبر على مَا يَقُولُونَ ) فصيحة . أى : إذا كان الحال كما بينا لك يا محمد ، فاصبر على ما يقوله هؤلاء الضالون المكذبون من أقوال لا يؤيدها عقل أو نقل .وقوله : ( وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشمس وَقَبْلَ الغروب ) إرشاد له - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إلى ما يعينه على الصبر .أى : اصبر - أيها الرسول الكريم - على أقوال هؤلاء الكافرين ، ونزه ربك - تعالى - عن كل مالا يليق به ، وتقرب إليه بالعبادات والطاعات ( قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشمس وَقَبْلَ الغروب ) وهما وقتا الفجر والعصر .وخصهما - سبحانه - بالذكر لفضلهما وشرفهما .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ (39)يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم : فاصبر يا محمد على ما يقول هؤلاء اليهود, وما يفترون على الله, ويكذبون عليه, فإن الله لهم بالمِرصاد ( وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ ) يقول: وصلّ بحمد ربك صلاة الصبح قبل طلوع الشمس وصلاة العصر قبل الغروب.كما حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة ( وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ ) لصلاة الفجر, وقبل غروبها: العصر.حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله ( وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ ) قبل طلوع الشمس: الصبح, وقبل الغروب: العصر.
( فاصبر على ما يقولون ) من كذبهم فإن الله لهم بالمرصاد ، وهذا قبل الأمر بقتالهم ( وسبح بحمد ربك ) أي : صل حمدا لله ( قبل طلوع الشمس ) يعني : صلاة الصبح ( وقبل الغروب ) يعني : صلاة العصر . وروي عن ابن عباس قال : " قبل الغروب " الظهر والعصر .
فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ (39({ لُّغُوبٍ * فاصبر على مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشمس وَقَبْلَ الغروب } .تفريع على ما تقدم كله من قوله : { بل عجبوا أن جاءهم منذر } [ ق : 2 ] الآيات ، ومناسبة وقعه هذا الموقع ما تضمنه قوله : { وكم أهلكنا قبلهم من قرن } [ مريم : 74 ] الآية من التعريض بتسلية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أي فاصبر على ما يقول المشركون من التكذيب بما أخبرتهم من البعث وبالرسالة وقد جمع ذلك كله الموصول وهو { ما يقولون } .وضمير { يقولون } عائد إلى المشركين الذين هم المقصود من هذه المواعظ
{ فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ } من الذم لك والتكذيب بما جئت به، واشتغل عنهم واله بطاعة ربك وتسبيحه، أول النهار وآخره
قوله تعالى : فاصبر على ما يقولون وسبح بحمد ربك قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل الغروبقوله تعالى : فاصبر على ما يقولون خطاب للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ; أمره بالصبر على ما يقوله المشركون ; أي : هون أمرهم عليك . ونزلت قبل الأمر بالقتال فهي منسوخة . وقيل : هو ثابت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأمته . وقيل معناه : فاصبر على ما يقوله اليهود من قولهم : إن الله استراح يوم السبت .قوله تعالى : وسبح بحمد ربك قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل الغروب قيل : إنه أراد به الصلوات الخمس . قال أبو صالح : قبل طلوع الشمس صلاة الصبح ، وقبل الغروب صلاة العصر . ورواه جرير بن عبد الله مرفوعا قال : كنا جلوسا عند النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذ نظر إلى القمر ليلة البدر ، فقال : أما إنكم سترون ربكم كما ترون هذا القمر لا تضامون في رؤيته ، فإن استطعتم ألا تغلبوا على صلاة قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل غروبها يعني العصر [ ص: 24 ] والفجر ، ثم قرأ جرير وسبح بحمد ربك قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل غروبها متفق عليه واللفظ لمسلم . وقال ابن عباس : قبل الغروب الظهر والعصر .
The creation of the heavens and the earth in six days, in other words in six stages, indicates that God’s method of doing things is a gradual one. When God, in spite of being the possessor of all Powers, brings things into existence gradually on a long-term basis, man should also desist from making undue haste, but rather try to reach his goals through action marked by patience. Preaching, from beginning to end, is an act of patience. In this process one has to put up with the bitterness evinced by others, and persevere in one’s task in spite of there being no favourable results in sight. This patience-trying process can be pursued only by one whose days and nights are spent in remembrance of God, who reposes all hope not in human beings but in God and who does not fall a prey to a feeling of frustration, in spite of having lost everything. In the Bible it is mentioned that God created heaven and earth in six days and rested on the seventh day. This part of the verse ‘...nor were We ever wearied’ contradicts and corrects the biblical statement. Rest is taken by one who becomes tired. God does not become tired and, as such, He does not need rest.
وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ (and proclaim His purity along with your Lord's praise before sunrise and before sunset... 50:39). The imperative verb sabbih is derived from the infinitive tasbih which originally means to declare or proclaim the purity of Allah. This comprehends the verbal declaration or proclamation and the worship, such as prayer. Therefore, some scholars say that tasbih before sunrise refers to the morning prayer, and tasbih before sunset refers to ` Asr (late afternoon) prayer. Sayyidna Jarir Ibn ` Abdullah ؓ reports from the Holy Prophet ﷺ [ as part of a long Tradition ]
اِن اسَطَعتُم اَن لَّا تُغلَبُوا عَلیٰ صَلَوٰۃِ قَبلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمسِ وَقَبلَ غُرُوبِھَا، یَعنِی اَلعَصرَ وَ الفَجرَ ثُمَّ قَرَأ جَرِیر ؓ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ ۔ (بخاری و مسلم و اللفظ لمسلم)
"So if you can avoid missing the prayer before the sunrise and the prayer before sunset, that is the 'Asr prayer and the morning prayer, you must do so." (Bukhari and Muslim the wordings of Muslim: vide Qurtubi)
Although according to the majority of commentators, tasbih in the verse refers to salah (prayer), yet the general words of tasbih include all those invocations also the recitation of which is encouraged by authentic ahadith at the time of morning and evening. Bukhari and Muslim have recorded a Tradition on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
"If you recite morning and evening سُبحَانَ اللہ subhanallah a hundred times, no one will bring, on the Day of Judgment, a virtuous act better than it, except those who would recite the same tasbih in the same number or even more than that."
In the same collections, a narration by the same authority, says that whosoever recites subhanallahi wa bi hamdihi one hundred times in a day, his sins will be forgiven, even though they may be more than the waves of the sea. (Mazhari)
(Therefore) O Muhammad (bear with what they say) bear with the lies of the Jews; it is also said this means: bear with what the deriders say; these are five people whom we have already mentioned somewhere else: (and hymn the praise of thy Lord) pray by the command of your Lord (before the rising) this is the morning prayer (and before the setting of the sun) these are the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers;
Warning the Disbelievers of the imminent Torment; commanding the Prophet to pray and have Patience
Allah the Exalted asks, `how many We have destroyed before these denying disbelievers'
مِّن قَرْنٍ هُمْ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُم بَطْشاً
(a generation who were stronger in power than they.) they were more numerous, mightier than they and who constructed on the earth and built on it more than they. The statement of Allah the Exalted,
فَنَقَّبُواْ فِى الْبِلَـدِ هَلْ مِن مَّحِيصٍ
(And they went about the land! Could they find any place of refuge) Ibn `Abbas commented, "They left the traces throughout the land," Qatadah said, "They traveled throughout the land seeking provisions through trade and business, more than you have." Allah's statement,
هَلْ مِن مَّحِيصٍ
(Could they find any place of refuge) means, `could they find a shelter from Allah's decision and appointed destiny Have what they collected benefited them or averted Allah's torment when it came to them on account of their denial of the Messengers Likewise, you will never be able to avert, avoid, or find refuge or shelter (from His torment).' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
إِنَّ فِى ذَلِكَ لَذِكْرَى
(Verily, therein is indeed a reminder) and a lesson,
لِمَن كَانَ لَهُ قَلْبٌ
(for him who has a heart) meaning, a sound understanding with which he comprehends, or, a good mind, according to Mujahid,
أَوْ أَلْقَى السَّمْعَ وَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ
(or gives ear while he is heedful.) meaning, he hears the speech, comprehends and understands it in his mind and grasps its indications with his intellect. Mujahid said that,
أَوْ أَلْقَى السَّمْعَ
(or gives ear), means, he does not talk to himself but listens with an attentive heart. Ad-Dahhak commented, "The Arabs would say that someone has given ear when he hears with his ears, while his heart is present and not absent." Ath-Thawri and several others said similarly. The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored;
وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِى سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِن لُّغُوبٍ
(And indeed We created the heavens and the earth and all that between them in six Days and nothing of fatigue touched Us.) is emphasis on the Resurrection because He Who is able to create the heavens and earth without fatigue, then surely He is able to resurrect the dead. Qatadah said, "The Jews, may Allah's curses descend on them, said that Allah created the heavens and earth in six days and then rested on the seventh day, which was the Sabbath. This is why they call it a holiday. Allah the Exalted then sent down denial of their statement and false opinion." Allah said, m
وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِن لُّغُوبٍ
(and nothing of fatigue touched Us.) indicating that no sleep, exhaustion or weariness affects Him. Allah the Exalted the Blessed said in other Ayat,
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَلَمْ يَعْىَ بِخَلْقِهِنَّ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَن يُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى بَلَى إِنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead Yes, He surely is Able to do all things.)(46:33),
لَخَلْقُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَكْـبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ النَّاسِ
(The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind.)(40:57) and,
أَءَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقاً أَمِ السَّمَآءُ بَنَـهَا
(Are you more difficult to create or is the heaven that He constructed)(79:27) Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ
(So bear with patience all that they say, ) in reference to those who deny the Prophet , ordering him to be patient with them and turn away from them in a good way,
وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ
(and glorify the praises of your Lord, before the rising of the sun and before (its) setting.) There were two ordained prayers prior to the Isra' journey. One before the rising of the sun at dawn and the other before sunset in the evening. Qiyam Al-Layl, prayer at night, was a command for the Prophet and his followers for sometime but it was later abrogated for the Ummah. Later, during the Isra' journey, Allah abrogated all of the previous orders for prayer by ordaining five daily prayers, including the prayers of Fajr before sunrise, and `Asr in the late afternoon. Imam Ahmad recorded that Jarir bin `Abdullah said, "When we were sitting with the Prophet , he looked at the full moon and said,
«أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَتُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى رَبِّكُمْ فَتَرَوْنَهُ كَمَا تَرَوْنَ هذَا الْقَمَرَ لَا تُضَامُّونَ فِيهِ، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ لَا تُغْلَبُوا عَلَى صَلَاةٍ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا فَافْعَلُوا»
(Certainly you will be brought before your Lord and will see Him as you see this moon, and you will have no trouble in seeing Him. So, if you can avoid missing the prayer before the sunrise and the prayer before sunset, you must do so.) He then recited Allah's statement,
وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ
(and glorify the praises of your Lord, before the rising of the sun and before (its) setting.)"' The Two Sahihs and the rest of the Group collected this Hadith through the chain of Isma`il. Allah the Exalted said,
وَمِنَ الَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ
(And during a part of the night glorify His praises), meaning pray to Him. Allah said Ayah,
وَمِنَ الَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَى أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَاماً مَّحْمُودًا
(And in some parts of the night offer the Salah with it, as an additional prayer for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said that Ibn `Abbas said that,
وَأَدْبَـرَ السُّجُودِ
(and after the prostrations.) refers to Tasbih, i.e. glorifying Allah's praises, after the prayers. There is a Hadith collected in the Two Sahihs that supports this meaning. Abu Hurayrah said, "Some poor migrants came and said, `O Allah's Messenger! The wealthy people will get higher grades and will have permanent enjoyment. ' The Prophet said,
«وَمَا ذَاكَ؟»
(Why is that) They said, `They pray as we do, fast as we do, yet they give charity, but we can not. They free slaves, but we can not.' The Prophet said,
«أَفَلَا أُعَلِّمُكُمْ شَيْئًا إِذَا فَعَلْتُمُوهُ سَبَقْتُمْ مَنْ بَعْدَكُمْ وَلَا يَكُونُ أَحَدٌ أَفْضَلَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا مَنْ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ؟ تُسَبِّحُونَ وَتَحْمَدُونَ وَتُكَبِّرُونَ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِين»
(Shall I tell you about something that, if you did it, you would catch up with those who have surpassed you and nobody would be better than you except those who would do the same Say, `Subhan Allah, Alhamdulillah and Allahu Akbar,' thirty-three times each after every prayer.) Later, they came back and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Our brethren, the wealthy Muslims, heard of what we did and they also did the same.' The Prophet said,
«ذلِكَ فَضْلُ اللهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاء»
(This is a favor and grace of Allah, and He grants it to whom He wills.)" There is another way of explaining the Ayah. It is that Allah's statement,
وَأَدْبَـرَ السُّجُودِ
(and after the prostrations.) refers to the two Rak`ahs after the Maghrib prayer. This was reported from `Umar bin Al-Khattab, `Ali bin Abi Talib and his son Al-Hasan, `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Abu Hurayrah and Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with them. This is also the saying of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Ash-Sha`bi, An-Nakha`i, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qatadah, and others.