The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing a Cloak, The Clothed One — Verse 38

Every soul is held to ransom by what it earns it is ransomed and requited for its deeds with the Fire

كل نفس بما كسبت من أعمال الشر والسوء محبوسة مرهونة بكسبها، لا تُفَكُّ حتى تؤدي ما عليها من الحقوق والعقوبات، إلا المسلمين المخلصين أصحاب اليمين الذين فكُّوا رقابهم بالطاعة، هم في جنات لا يُدْرَك وصفها، يسأل بعضهم بعضًا عن الكافرين الذين أجرموا في حق أنفسهم: ما الذي أدخلكم جهنم، وجعلكم تذوقون سعيرها؟ قال المجرمون: لم نكن من المصلِّين في الدنيا، ولم نكن نتصدق ونحسن للفقراء والمساكين، وكنا نتحدث بالباطل مع أهل الغَواية والضلالة، وكنا نكذب بيوم الحساب والجزاء، حتى جاءنا الموت، ونحن في تلك الضلالات والمنكرات.

أي معتقلة بعملها يوم القيامة قاله ابن عباس وغيره.

ثم بين - سبحانه - جانبا من مظاهرعدله فى أحكامه : وفى بيان الأسباب التى أدت إلى فوز المؤمنين ، وهلاك الكافرين . . فقال - تعالى - :( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ . . . ) .قوله - تعالى - : ( رَهِينَةٌ ) خبر عن ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ) ، وهو بمعنى مرهونة . أى : كل نفس مرهونة عند الله - تعالى - بكسبها ، مأخوذة بعملها ، فإن كان صالحا أنجاها من العذاب ، وإن كان سيئا أهلكها ، وجعلها محلا للعقاب .قالوا : وإنما كانت مرهونة ، لأن الله - تعالى - جعل تكليف عباده كالدَّين عليهم ، ونفوسهم تحت استيلائه وقهره ، فهى مرهونة ، فمن وفى الذى كلف به ، خلص نفسه من عذاب الله - تعالى - الذين نزل منزلة علامة الرهن ، وهو أخذ فى الدين ، ومن لم يوف عذب .

وقوله: ( لِمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: نذيرًا للبشر لمن شاء منكم أيها الناس أن يتقدّم في طاعة الله، أو يتأخر في معصية الله.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( لِمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ ) قال: من شاء اتبع طاعة الله، ومن شاء تأخر عنها.حدثني بشر؛ قال: ثنا يزيد؛ قال: ثنا سعيد؛ عن قتادة ( لِمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ ) يتقدّم في طاعة الله، أو يتأخر في معصيته.يقول تعالى ذكره: كلّ نفس مأمورة منهية بما عملت من معصية الله في الدنيا، رهينة في جهنم ( إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) فإنهم غير مرتهنين، ولكنهم ( فِي جَنَّاتٍ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ عَنِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ ).وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:

"كل نفس بما كسبت رهينة"، مرتهنة في النار بكسبها مأخوذة بعملها.

كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ (38) استئناف بياني يبين للسامع عقبى الاختيار الذي في قوله : { لمن شاء منكم أن يتقدم أو يتأخر } [ المدثر : 37 ] أي كل إنسان رَهْن بما كسب من التقدم أو التأخر أو غير ذلك فهو على نفسه بصيرة ليكسب ما يفضي به إلى النعيم أو إلى الجحيم .و { رهينة } : خبر عن { كل نفس } وهو بمعنى مرهونة .والرهن : الوثاق والحبس ومنه الرهن في الدَيْن ، وقد يطلق على الملازمة والمقارنة ، ومنه : فَرَسا رِهَاننٍ ، وكِلا المعنيين يصح الحمل عليه هنا على اختلاف الحال ، وإنما يكون الرهن لتحقيق المطالبة بحق يخشى أن يتفلت منه المحْقوق به ، فالرهن مشعر بالأخذ بالشدة ومنه رهائن الحرب الذين يأخذهم الغالب من القوم المغلوبين ضماناً لئلا يخيس القومُ بشروط الصلح وحتى يعطوا ديات القتلى فيكون الانتقام من الرهائن .وبهذا يكون قوله : { كل نفس } مراداً به خصوص أنفس المنذَرين من البشر فهو من العام المراد به الخصوص بالقرينة ، أي قرينة ما تعطيه مادة رَهينة من معنى الحَبس والأسر .والباء للمصاحبة لا للسببية .وظاهر هذا أنه كلام منصف وليس بخصوص تهديدِ أهل الشر .و { رهينة } : مصدر بوزن فَعِيلة كالشَّتيمة فهو من المصادر المقترنة بهاء كهاء التأنيث مثل الفُعولة والفعالة ، وليس هو من باب فعيل الذي هو وصف بمعنى المفعول مثيل قتيلة ، إذ لو قصد الوصف لقيل رعين لأن فعيلاً بمعنى مفعول يستوي فيه المذكر والمؤنث إذا جرى على موصوفه كما هنا ، والإِخبار بالمصدر للمبالغة على حد قول مِسْوَر بن زيادة الحارثي :أبَعْدَ الذي بالنَّعْففِ نَعْففِ كُوَيكِبٍ ... رهينةِ رَمْس ذي تراب وجندلألا تراه أثبت الهاء في صفة المذكر وإلاّ لما كان موجب للتأنيث .

{ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ } من أعمال السوء وأفعال الشر { رَهِينَةٌ } بها موثقة بسعيها، قد ألزم عنقها، وغل في رقبتها، واستوجبت به العذاب،

قوله تعالى : كل نفس بما كسبت رهينة أي مرتهنة بكسبها ، مأخوذة بعملها ، إما خلصها وإما أوبقها . وليست ( رهينة ) تأنيث رهين في قوله تعالى : كل امرئ بما كسب رهين لتأنيث النفس ; لأنه لو قصدت الصفة لقيل رهين ; لأن فعيلا بمعنى مفعول يستوي فيه المذكر والمؤنث . وإنما هو اسم بمعنى الرهن كالشتيمة بمعنى الشتم ; كأنه قيل : كل نفس بما كسبت رهين ; ومنه بيت الحماسة :أبعد الذي بالنعف نعف كويكب رهينة رمس ذي تراب وجندلكأنه قال رهن رمس . والمعنى : كل نفس رهن بكسبها عند الله غير مفكوك .

The earth rotates on its axis and the moon orbits the earth. For this reason, lunar dates change and night and day alternate on the earth. This system of rotation and changes is in fact an indication that the present order will change and that the period of the Hereafter will definitely arrive. Those who take this system into account will want to make full use of their ‘day’, before the arrival of ‘night’. They will avoid all actions which could plunge them into Hell, prefering instead to act in a way which will lead them to Paradise.

كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِيْنَةٌ اِلَّآ اَصْحٰبَ الْيَمِيْنِ (Everyone will be detained [ in the Hell ] because of what he did, [ 38] except the People of the Right, [ i.e. those who will be given their Book of Deeds in their right hands ] 74:38-39) The word rahinah is used in the sense of marhunah 'will be detained'. The word is derived from rahn 'to give something valuable to a pawnbroker as a security for a debt. The valuable thing is thus merely detained by the pawnbroker. He cannot use it or take advantage of it. Likewise, every person on the Day of Judgment will be detained in lieu of his sins, except those who will be given their Book of Deeds in their right hands. In this context, 'detention' could refer to being detained in Hell. In this case, the statement would mean that every person will be held in pledge in Hell against his sins to receive punishment, except the People of the Right. The context indicates that the People of the Right are those who have repaid their debt, i.e. they have fulfilled their obligations in this world towards Allah and other human beings. In these instances there is no need for them to be detained. This interpretation seems to be plain, simple and straightforward. However, if 'detention' refers to being held at some other place before giving account or before admission into Paradise or Hell, it signifies that every person will be held to give an account of his deeds. No person will be permitted to move out unless the account is taken. In this case, the exception of the People of the Right could refer to the sinless who are not accountable, such as minors or immature children as explained by Sayyidna ` Ali. According to a Tradition, a segment of the Holy Prophet's community would be exempted from accountability. They will enter Paradise without having to account for actions. Possibly, it could be referring to this segment. According to Surah .Al-Waqi` ah, there will be three categories of people on the Plain of Gathering: [ 1] sabiqun 'the Foremost' and muqarrabun 'who have attained nearness to Allah'; [ 2] the People of the Right; and [ 3] the People of the Left. On this occasion, the muqarrabun have been merged with the People of the Right', and only the latter people have been mentioned. From this point of view, there is no express text which states that all the People of the Right will be excepted, and will not be detained for accountability. The first interpretation, that is being held in Hell, appropriately fits the context. And Allah knows best!

(Every soul) every disbelieving soul (is a pledge) in the Fire for eternity (for its own deeds) which it has earned in its state of disbelief;

What will take place in the Discussion between the People of Paradise and the People of the Hellfire Allah informs that, كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ (Every person is a pledge for what he has earned,) meaning, bound to his deed on the Day of Judgement. Ibn `Abbas and others have said this. إِلاَّ أَصْحَـبَ الْيَمِينِ (Except those on the Right.) For verily, they will be فِى جَنَّـتٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ - عَنِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ (In Gardens they will ask one another, about criminals (and they will say to them)) meaning, while they are in lofty rooms they will ask the criminals, who will be in the lowest levels (of Hell), saying to them, مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِى سَقَرَ - قَالُواْ لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ - وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ ("What has caused you to enter Hell" They will say: "We were not of those who used to offer the Salah, nor did we feed the poor.") meaning, `we did not worship Allah, nor did we do good to His creatures of our own species (i.e., other people).' وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الُخَآئِضِينَ (And we used to speak falsehood with vain speakers.) meaning, `we used to speak about what we had no knowledge of.' Qatadah said, "It means that every time someone went astray we would go astray with them." وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ - حَتَّى أَتَـنَا الْيَقِينُ (And we used to deny the Day of Recompense, until the certainty (Al-Yaqin) came to us.) meaning, death. This is as Allah says, وَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ الْيَقِينُ (And worship your Lord until there comes unto you the certainty.) (15:99) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَمَّا هُوَ يعني عثمان بن مظعون فَقَدْ جَاءَهُ الْيَقِينُ مِنْ رَبِّه» (Concerning him verily, Al-Yaqin (death) came to him from his Lord.)" Allah then says, فَمَا تَنفَعُهُمْ شَفَـعَةُ الشَّـفِعِينَ (So no intercession of intercessors will be of any use to them.) meaning, whoever has these characteristics, then the intercession of whoever tries to intercede for him will be of no benefit on the Day of Judgement. This is because intercession is only useful if the conditions for it are met. However, whoever comes before Allah as a disbeliever on the Day of Judgement, then he will get the Hellfire and there is no way of avoiding it. He will abide in it (Hell) forever. The Disapproval of the Disbelievers' Rejection and Their Position Then Allah says, فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ (Then what is wrong with them that they turn away from admonition) meaning, `what is wrong with these disbelievers who are turning away from what you are calling them to and reminding them of' كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ - فَرَّتْ مِن قَسْوَرَةٍ (As if they were wild donkeys. Fleeing from a Qaswarah.) meaning, as if they were fleeing from the truth and turning away from it, like a wild donkey when it flees from something that is trying to catch it, like a lion. This was said by Abu Hurayrah. Hammad bin Salamah reported from `Ali bin Zayd who reported from Yusuf bin Mihran who narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, "It (Qaswarah) is the lion in the Arabic language. It is called Qaswarah in the Abyssinian language, Sher in the Persian language and Awba in the Nabtiyyah (Nabatean) language." Concerning Allah's statement, بَلْ يُرِيدُ كُلُّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُؤْتَى صُحُفاً مُّنَشَّرَةً (Nay, everyone of them desires that he should be given pages spread out.) meaning, each one of these idolators wants to have a book revealed to him as Allah revealed to the Prophet . Mujahid and others have said this. This is similar to Allah's statement, وَإِذَا جَآءَتْهُمْ ءَايَةٌ قَالُواْ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ حَتَّى نُؤْتَى مِثْلَ مَآ أُوتِىَ رُسُلُ اللَّهِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ (And when there comes to them a sign they say: "We shall not believe until we receive the like of that which the Messengers of Allah ﷺ had received." Allah knows best with whom to place His Message.) (6:124) It is reported in a narration from Qatadah that he said, "They want to be declared innocent (on the Day of Judgement) without having to do any deeds." Then Allah says, كَلاَّ بَل لاَّ يَخَافُونَ الاٌّخِرَةَ (Nay! But they fear not the Hereafter.) meaning, they were only corrupted by their lack of faith in it and their rejection of its occurrence. The Qur'an is a Reminder Then Allah says, كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ تَذْكِرَةٌ (Nay, verily, this is an admonition.) meaning, truly the Qur'an is a reminder. فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُ وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (So, whosoever wills receives admonition (from it)! And they will not receive admonition unless Allah wills;) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمَا تَشَآءُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (And you cannot will unless Allah wills.) (81:29) Concerning Allah's statement, هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَى وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ (He is the One, deserving the Taqwa and He is the One Who forgives.) This means that He deserves to be feared and He is eligible to forgive the sin of whoever turns to Him and repents. This was said by Qatadah. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddaththir, all praise and thanks are due to Allah. ffer the Salah, nor did we feed the poor.") meaning, `we did not worship Allah, nor did we do good to His creatures of our own species (i.e., other people).' وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الُخَآئِضِينَ (And we used to speak falsehood with vain speakers. peakersieA ھ The Qur'an is a Reminder Then Allah says, كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ تَذْكِرَةٌ (Nay, verily, this is an admonition.) meaning, truly the Qur'an is a reminder. فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُ وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (So, whosoever wills receives admonition (from it)! And they will not receive admonition unless Allah wills;) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمَا تَشَآءُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (And you cannot will unless Allah wills.) (81:29) Concerning Allah's statement, هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَى وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ (He is the One, deserving the Taqwa and He is the One Who forgives.) This means that He deserves to be feared and He is eligible to forgive the sin of whoever turns to Him and repents. This was said by Qatadah. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddaththir, all praise and thanks are due to Allah.