The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing a Cloak, The Clothed One — Verse 49

So what fa-mā the subject is wrong with them lahum the predicate thereof semantically connected to an omitted clause the person of which has been transposed onto it that they turn away mu‘ridīna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the suffixed pronoun in lahum ‘them’ from the Reminder — in other words ‘what has happened to them that they have turned away from admonition’ —

فما لهؤلاء المشركين عن القرآن وما فيه من المواعظ منصرفين؟ كأنهم حمر وحشية شديدة النِّفار، فرَّت من أسد كاسر.

أي فما لهؤلاء الكفرة الذين قبلك مما تدعوهم إليه وتذكرهم به معرضين.

والاستفهام فى قوله : ( فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التذكرة مُعْرِضِينَ . كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ . فَرَّتْ مِن قَسْوَرَةٍ ) للتعجيب من إصرارهم على كفرهم ، ومن إعراضهم عن الحق الذى دعاهم إليه نبيهم صلى الله عليه وسلم .والمراد بالتذكرة : التذكير بمواعظ القرآن وإرشاداته ، والحمر : جمع حمار ، والمرادبه الحمار الوحشى المعروف بشدة نفوره وهروبه إذا ما أحس بحركة المقتنص له .وقوله : ( مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ ) أى : شديدة النفور والهرب فالسين والتاء للمبالغة .والقسورة : الأسد ، سمى بذلك لأنه يقسر غيره من السباع ويقهرها ، وقيل : القسورة اسم الجماعة الرماة الذين يطاردون الحمر الوحشية ، ولا واحد له من لفظه ، ويطلق هذا اللفظ عند العرب على كل من كان بالغ النهاية فى الضخامة والقوة . من القسر بمعنى القهر . أى : ما الذى حدث لهؤلاء الجاحدين المجرمين ، فجعلهم يصرون إصرارا تاما على الإِعراض عن مواعظ القرآن الكريم ، وعن هداياته وإرشاداته ، وأوامره ونواهيه . . حتى لكأنهم - فى شدة إعراضهم عنه ، ونفورهم منه - حمر وحشية قد نفرت بسرعة وشدة من أسد يريد أن يفترسها ، أو من جماعة من الرماة أعدوا العدة لاصطيادها؟قال صاحب الكشاف : شبههم - سبحانه - فى إعراضهم عن القرآن ، واستماع الذكر والموعظة ، وشرادهم عنه - بحمر جدت فى نفارها مما أفزعها .وفى تشبيههم بالحمر : مذمة ظاهرة ، وتهجين لحالهم بين ، كما فى قوله - تعالى - : ( كَمَثَلِ الحمار يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَاراً ) وشهادة عليهم بالبلة وقلة العقل ، ولا ترى مثل نفار حمير الوحش ، واطرادها فى العدو ، إذا رابها رائب ولذلك كان أكثر تشبيهات العرب ، فى وصف الإِبل ، وشدة سيرها ، بالحمر ، وعدوها إذا وردت ماء فأحست عليه بقانص . .والتعبير بقوله : ( فَمَا لَهُمْ . . . ) وما يشبهه قد كثر استعماله فى القرآن الكريم ، كما فى قوله - تعالى - : ( فَمَا لَهُمْ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ . . . ) والمقصود منه التعجيب من إصرار المخاطبين على باطلهم ، أو على معتقد من معتقداتهم . . مع أن الشواهد والبينات تدل على خلاف ذلك .وقال - سبحانه - ( عَنِ التذكرة ) بالتعميم ، ليشمل إعراضهم كل شئ يذكرهم بالحق ، ويصرفهم عن الباطل .

وقوله: ( فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ ) يقول: فما لهؤلاء المشركين عن تذكرة الله إياهم بهذا القرآن معرضين، لا يستمعون لها فيتعظوا ويعتبروا.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ ) أي: عن هذا القرآن.

"فما لهم عن التذكرة معرضين"، مواعظ القرآن (معرضين) نصب على الحال، وقيل صاروا معرضين.

فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ (49) تفريع للتعجيب من إصرارهم على الإِعراض عن ما فيه تذكرة على قوله : { وما هي إلاّ ذِكْرى للبشر } [ المدثر : 31 ] .وجيء باسم التذكرة الظاهر دون أن يؤتى بضمير نحو : أن يقال : عنها معرضين ، لئلا يختص الإِنكار والتعجيب بإعراضهم عن تذكرة الإِنذار بسقَر ، بل المقصود التعميم لإِعراضهم عن كل تذكرة وأعظمها تذكرة القرآن كما هو المناسب للإِعراض قال تعالى : { إنْ هو إلاّ ذِكْر للعالمين } [ التكوير : 27 ] .و { ما لهم } استفهام مستعمل في التعجيب من غرابة حالهم بحيث تجدر أن يستفْهِم عنها المستفهِمُون وهو مجاز مرسل بعلاقة الملازمة ، و { لهم } خبر عن ( ما ) الاستفهامية . والتقدير : ما ثبت لهم ، و { معرضين } حال من ضمير { لهم } ، أي يستفهم عنهم في هذه الحالة العجيبة .وتركيب : ما لَكَ ونحوهُ ، لا يخلو من حال تلحق بضميره مفردةٍ أو جملة نحو { ما لك لاَ تأمنّا على يوسف } في سورة يوسف ( 11 ) . وقوله تعالى : { فما لهم لا يؤمنون } في سورة الانشقاق ( 20 ) . وقوله : { ما لكم كيف تحكمون } في سورة الصافات ( 154 ) وسورة القلم ( 36 ) . و { عن التذكرة } متعلق ب { معرضين .وشُبهتْ حالة إعراضهم المتخيَّلة بحالة فرار حُمُر نافرة مما ينفرها .

{ فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ } أي: صادين غافلين عنها.

قوله تعالى : فما لهم عن التذكرة معرضين أي فما لأهل مكة أعرضوا وولوا عما جئتم به . وفي تفسير مقاتل : الإعراض عن القرآن من وجهين : أحدهما الجحود والإنكار ، والوجه الآخر ترك العمل بما فيه . و ( معرضين ) نصب على الحال من الهاء والميم في لهم وفي اللام معنى الفعل ; فانتصاب الحال على معنى الفعل .

Advice, howsoever reasonable and well-supported by arguments, can be effective only when the hearer is serious about it. If the hearer is not serious, the advice will not reach his heart. Such arguments as deeply move a serious-minded person, will only cause a frivolous person to engage in meaningless discussions.

فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِيْنَ (So what has happened to them that they are turning away from the Reminder... 74:49) The word tadhkirah (Reminder), in this context, refers to the Holy Qur'an, because the word literally signifies a 'reminder or something that reminds'. The Qur'an is unique in reminding Allah's attributes of perfection, His mercy and wrath, and the reward and punishment. Towards the end, the verse 54 has explained that the 'Reminder' is the Holy Qur'an that is rejected by them. The allergy of the infidels against the Holy Qur'an has been mentioned in verses 50 and 51 in the following words, فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَةٍ كَاَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنْفِرَةٌ "as if they were wild donkeys, fleeing from a lion?" The word qaswarah used in verse 51 has two meanings: [ 1] a 'lion'; and [ 2] an 'archer' or a 'hunter'. Both meanings have been reported from the noble Companions.

(Why now turn they away from) disbelieve in (the Admonishment) the Qur'an

What will take place in the Discussion between the People of Paradise and the People of the Hellfire Allah informs that, كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ (Every person is a pledge for what he has earned,) meaning, bound to his deed on the Day of Judgement. Ibn `Abbas and others have said this. إِلاَّ أَصْحَـبَ الْيَمِينِ (Except those on the Right.) For verily, they will be فِى جَنَّـتٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ - عَنِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ (In Gardens they will ask one another, about criminals (and they will say to them)) meaning, while they are in lofty rooms they will ask the criminals, who will be in the lowest levels (of Hell), saying to them, مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِى سَقَرَ - قَالُواْ لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ - وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ ("What has caused you to enter Hell" They will say: "We were not of those who used to offer the Salah, nor did we feed the poor.") meaning, `we did not worship Allah, nor did we do good to His creatures of our own species (i.e., other people).' وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الُخَآئِضِينَ (And we used to speak falsehood with vain speakers.) meaning, `we used to speak about what we had no knowledge of.' Qatadah said, "It means that every time someone went astray we would go astray with them." وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ - حَتَّى أَتَـنَا الْيَقِينُ (And we used to deny the Day of Recompense, until the certainty (Al-Yaqin) came to us.) meaning, death. This is as Allah says, وَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ الْيَقِينُ (And worship your Lord until there comes unto you the certainty.) (15:99) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَمَّا هُوَ يعني عثمان بن مظعون فَقَدْ جَاءَهُ الْيَقِينُ مِنْ رَبِّه» (Concerning him verily, Al-Yaqin (death) came to him from his Lord.)" Allah then says, فَمَا تَنفَعُهُمْ شَفَـعَةُ الشَّـفِعِينَ (So no intercession of intercessors will be of any use to them.) meaning, whoever has these characteristics, then the intercession of whoever tries to intercede for him will be of no benefit on the Day of Judgement. This is because intercession is only useful if the conditions for it are met. However, whoever comes before Allah as a disbeliever on the Day of Judgement, then he will get the Hellfire and there is no way of avoiding it. He will abide in it (Hell) forever. The Disapproval of the Disbelievers' Rejection and Their Position Then Allah says, فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ (Then what is wrong with them that they turn away from admonition) meaning, `what is wrong with these disbelievers who are turning away from what you are calling them to and reminding them of' كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ - فَرَّتْ مِن قَسْوَرَةٍ (As if they were wild donkeys. Fleeing from a Qaswarah.) meaning, as if they were fleeing from the truth and turning away from it, like a wild donkey when it flees from something that is trying to catch it, like a lion. This was said by Abu Hurayrah. Hammad bin Salamah reported from `Ali bin Zayd who reported from Yusuf bin Mihran who narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, "It (Qaswarah) is the lion in the Arabic language. It is called Qaswarah in the Abyssinian language, Sher in the Persian language and Awba in the Nabtiyyah (Nabatean) language." Concerning Allah's statement, بَلْ يُرِيدُ كُلُّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُؤْتَى صُحُفاً مُّنَشَّرَةً (Nay, everyone of them desires that he should be given pages spread out.) meaning, each one of these idolators wants to have a book revealed to him as Allah revealed to the Prophet . Mujahid and others have said this. This is similar to Allah's statement, وَإِذَا جَآءَتْهُمْ ءَايَةٌ قَالُواْ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ حَتَّى نُؤْتَى مِثْلَ مَآ أُوتِىَ رُسُلُ اللَّهِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ (And when there comes to them a sign they say: "We shall not believe until we receive the like of that which the Messengers of Allah ﷺ had received." Allah knows best with whom to place His Message.) (6:124) It is reported in a narration from Qatadah that he said, "They want to be declared innocent (on the Day of Judgement) without having to do any deeds." Then Allah says, كَلاَّ بَل لاَّ يَخَافُونَ الاٌّخِرَةَ (Nay! But they fear not the Hereafter.) meaning, they were only corrupted by their lack of faith in it and their rejection of its occurrence. The Qur'an is a Reminder Then Allah says, كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ تَذْكِرَةٌ (Nay, verily, this is an admonition.) meaning, truly the Qur'an is a reminder. فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُ وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (So, whosoever wills receives admonition (from it)! And they will not receive admonition unless Allah wills;) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمَا تَشَآءُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (And you cannot will unless Allah wills.) (81:29) Concerning Allah's statement, هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَى وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ (He is the One, deserving the Taqwa and He is the One Who forgives.) This means that He deserves to be feared and He is eligible to forgive the sin of whoever turns to Him and repents. This was said by Qatadah. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddaththir, all praise and thanks are due to Allah. ffer the Salah, nor did we feed the poor.") meaning, `we did not worship Allah, nor did we do good to His creatures of our own species (i.e., other people).' وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الُخَآئِضِينَ (And we used to speak falsehood with vain speakers. peakersieA ھ The Qur'an is a Reminder Then Allah says, كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ تَذْكِرَةٌ (Nay, verily, this is an admonition.) meaning, truly the Qur'an is a reminder. فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُ وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (So, whosoever wills receives admonition (from it)! And they will not receive admonition unless Allah wills;) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمَا تَشَآءُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ (And you cannot will unless Allah wills.) (81:29) Concerning Allah's statement, هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَى وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ (He is the One, deserving the Taqwa and He is the One Who forgives.) This means that He deserves to be feared and He is eligible to forgive the sin of whoever turns to Him and repents. This was said by Qatadah. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddaththir, all praise and thanks are due to Allah.