The Emissaries, Winds Sent Forth — Verse 6

to excuse or to warn that is to say in order to excuse or to warn on behalf of God exalted be He a variant reading for nudhran and ‘udhran has nudhuran and ‘udhuran.

أقسم الله تعالى بالرياح حين تهب متتابعة يقفو بعضها بعضًا، وبالرياح الشديدة الهبوب المهلكة، وبالملائكة الموكلين بالسحب يسوقونها حيث شاء الله، وبالملائكة التي تنزل من عند الله بما يفرق بين الحق والباطل والحلال والحرام، وبالملائكة التي تتلقى الوحي من عند الله وتنزل به على أنبيائه؛ إعذارًا من الله إلى خلقه وإنذارًا منه إليهم؛ لئلا يكون لهم حجة. إن الذي توعدون به مِن أمر يوم القيامة وما فيه من حساب وجزاء لنازلٌ بكم لا محالة.

يعني الملائكة قاله ابن مسعود وابن عباس ومسروق ومجاهد وقتادة والربيع بن أنس والسدي والثوري ولا خلاف ههنا فإنها تلقي إلى الرسل وحيا فيه إعذار إلى الخلق وإنذار لهم عقاب الله إن خالفوا أمره.

وقوله ( عُذْراً أَوْ نُذْراً ) منصوبان على أنهما بدل اشتمال من قوله ( ذكرا ) أو مفعول لأجله .أى : أن الملائكة يلقون وحى الله - تعالى - إلى أنبيائه ، لإِزالة أعذار المعتذرين عن الإِيمان ، حتى لا يقولوا ما جاءنا من بشير ولا نذير ، ولإِنذار الكافرين والفاسقين ، حتى يقلعوا عن كفرهم وفسوقهم .وشبيه بهذه الآية قوله - تعالى - ( رُّسُلاً مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِئَلاَّ يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى الله حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرسل ) قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت ما العذر والنذر ، وبماذا انتصبا؟ قلت : هما مصدران من أعذر إذا محا الإِساءة ، ومن أنذر إذا خوف على فعل كالكفر والنكر ، ويجوز أن يكون جمع عذير ، بمعنى المعذرة ، وجمع نذير بمعنى الإِنذار . . وأما انتصابهما فعلى البدل من ذكرا . . أو على المفعول له . .

وقوله: ( عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: فالملقيات ذكرا إلى الرسل إعذارا من الله إلى خلقه، وإنذارا منه لهم.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا ) قال: عذرًا من الله، ونُذْرا منه إلى خلقه.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا ): عذرا لله على خلقه، ونذرًا للمؤمنين ينتفعون به، ويأخذون به.حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا ) يعني: الملائكة.واختلفت القرّاء في قراءة ذلك، فقرأته عامة قرّاء المدينة والشام وبعض المكيين وبعض الكوفيين: ( عُذْرًا ) بالتخفيف، أو نُذْرا بالتثقيل: وقرأ ذلك عامة قرّاء الكوفة وبعض البصريين بتخفيفهما، وقرأه آخرون من أهل البصرة بتثقيلهما والتخفيف فيهما أعجب إليّ وإن لم أدفع صحة التثقيل لأنهما مصدران بمعنى الإعذار والإنذار.

( عذرا أو نذرا ) أي للإعذار والإنذار . وقرأ الحسن " عذرا " بضم الذال . واختلف فيه عن أبي بكر عن عاصم ، وقراءة العامة بسكونها ، وقرأ أبو عمرو وحمزة والكسائي وحفص " [ عذرا أو ] نذرا " ساكنة الذال فيهما ، وقرأ الباقون بضمها ، ومن سكن قال : لأنهما في موضع مصدرين بمعنى الإنذار والإعذار ، وليسا بجمع فينقلا [ وقال ابن كثير ونافع ، وابن عامر ، وأبو بكر عن عاصم ويعقوب برواية رويس بن حسان : " عذرا " سكون الذال و " نذرا " بضم الذال ، وقرأ روح بالضم في العذر والنذر جميعا ، وهي قراءة الحسن . والوجه فيهما أن العذر والنذر بضمتين كالأذن والعنق هو الأصل ، ويجوز التخفيف فيهما كما يجوز التخفيف في العنق والأذن ، يقال : عذر ونذر ، وعذر ونذر ، كما يقال : عنق وعنق ، وأذن وأذن ، والعذر والنذر مصدران بمعنى الإعذار والإنذار كالنكير والعذير والنذير ، ويجوز أن يكونا جمعين لعذير ونذير ، ويجوز أن يكون العذر جمع عاذر ، كشارف وشرف ، والمعنى في التحريك والتسكين واحد على ما بينا .

عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا (6) وهذا معنى { عُذْراً أوْ نُذُراً } . فالعُذر : الإِعلام بقبول إيمان المؤمنين بعد الكفر ، وتوبةِ التائبين بعد الذنب .والنّذُر : اسم مصدر أنذر ، إذا حَذر .و { عُذراً } قرأه الجمهور بسكون الذال ، وقرأه رَوْح عن يعقوب بضمها على الإِتباع لحركة العين .وقرأ نافع وابن كثير وابن عامر وأبو بكر عن عاصم وأبو جعفر ويعقوب { نُذُراً } بضم الذال وهو الغالب فيه .وقرأه أبو عمرو وحمزة والكسائي وحفص عن عاصم وخلفٌ بإسكان الذال على الوجهين المذكورين في { عُذراً } ، وعلى كلتا القراءتين فهو اسم مصدر بمعنى الإِنذار .وانتصب { عذراً أو نذراً } على بدل الاشتمال من { ذِكْراً } و { أو } في قوله : { أو نذراً } للتقسيم .

{ عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا } أي: إعذارا وإنذارا للناس، تنذر الناس ما أمامهم من المخاوف وتقطع معذرتهم ، فلا يكون لهم حجة على الله.

عذرا أو نذرا أي تلقى الوحي إعذارا من الله أو إنذارا إلى خلقه من عذابه ; قاله الفراء . وروي عن أبي صالح قال : يعني الرسل يعذرون وينذرون . وروى سعيد عن قتادة عذرا قال : عذرا لله - جل ثناؤه - إلى خلقه ، ونذرا للمؤمنين ينتفعون به ويأخذون به . وروى الضحاك عن ابن عباس : عذرا أي ما يلقيه الله - جل ثناؤه - من معاذير أوليائه وهي التوبة أو نذرا ينذر أعداءه . وقرأ أبو عمرو وحمزة والكسائي وحفص أو نذرا بإسكان الذال وجميع السبعة على إسكان ذال عذرا سوى ما رواه الجعفي والأعشى عن أبي بكر عن عاصم أنه ضم الذال . وروي ذلك عن ابن عباس والحسن وغيرهما . وقرأ إبراهيم التيمي وقتادة عذرا ونذرا بالواو العاطفة ولم يجعلا بينهما ألفا . وهما منصوبان على الفاعل له أي للإعذار أو للإنذار . وقيل : على المفعول به ، قيل : على البدل من ذكرا أي فالملقيات عذرا أو نذرا . وقال أبو علي : يجوز أن يكون العذر والنذر بالتثقيل على جمع عاذر وناذر ; كقوله تعالى : هذا نذير من النذر الأولى فيكون نصبا على الحال من الإلقاء ; أي يلقون الذكر في حال العذر والإنذار . أو يكون مفعولا ل " ذكرا " أي فالملقيات أي تذكر عذرا أو نذرا . وقال المبرد : هما بالتثقيل جمع والواحد عذير ونذير .

Vapour rises from the surface of the sea. This rises in the atmosphere and forms clouds. The winds take these clouds from one place to another. Leaving some places dry, they shower rain at other places, causing freshness and the growth of greenery. This shows that the system of this world is based on the principle of differentiating between one thing or person. The manifestation of this principle is only partially evident in the present world, but in the Hereafter it will take a perfect shape. This nature of the winds is a sort of reminder for man. Their being a mercy to some and bringing harm to others is to remind us of the fact that, as there are these two different types of persons in the present world, God’s verdict in respect of these two types of persons will also appear in two different shapes in the next world.

عُذْرً‌ا أَوْ نُذْرً‌ا ( to provide excuses [ for the believers ] or giving warnings (to disbelievers…77:6) This phrase is complement to verse [ 5]: فَالْمُلْقِيَاتِ ذِكْرً‌ا then bring down the advice, [ 77:5] The 'advice' refers to the 'revelation' that came down upon the Prophets. Verse 6 says that it serves two purposes. In the case of the people of truth and believers, it persuades them to seek excuse from Allah for their shortcomings, and pray for forgiveness; and in the case of the people of falsehood and disbelievers, it contains a warning for them of Allah's torment, if they oppose His command.

(To excuse) to leave no excuse for one to think that Allah is an oppressor or transgressor (or to warn) His created beings from His chastisement; it is also said that (to excuse) refers to that which He has made lawful while (or to warn) refers to that which He has made unlawful; and it is also said (to excuse) refers to His commands while (or to warn) refers to His prohibitions; Allah swore by all these things,

as an excuse or as a warning.God has excused the suppression of that by which the Book and the Sunna is opposed; or as a warning to His creatures of His punishment. Furthermore, God, Exalted is He, swore by them to the reality of the Resurrection. His words, Exalted is He:

Which was revealed in Makkah The Revelation of this Surat and its Recitation in the Maghrib Prayer Al-Bukhari recorded from `Abdullah - that is Ibn Mas`ud -- that he said, "While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a cave at Mina, وَالْمُرْسَلَـتِ (By the Mursalat.) was revealed to him. He was reciting it and I was learning it from his mouth. Verily, his mouth was moist with it when a snake leaped out at us. The Prophet said, «اقْتُلُوهَا» (Kill it!) So we quickly went after it, but it got away. Then the Prophet said, «وُقِيَتْ شَرَّكُمْ، كَمَا وُقِيتُمْ شَرَّهَا» (It was saved from your harm just as you all were saved from its harm.)" Muslim also recorded this Hadith by way of Al-A`mash. Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn `Abbas, who reported from his mother that she heard the Prophet reciting وَالْمُرْسَلَـتِ عُرْفاً (By the Mursalat.) in the Maghrib prayer. In a report from Malik on the authority of Ibn `Abbas, he narrated that Umm Al-Fadl (his mother) heard him (Ibn `Abbas) reciting وَالْمُرْسَلَـتِ عُرْفاً (By the Mursalat `Urfa.) (77:1) so she said, "O my son! You reminded me with your recitation of this Surat. Verily, it is the last thing I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He recited it in the Maghrib prayer (i.e., before he died)." Both Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded this report in the Two Sahihs by way of Malik. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Allah's swearing by Different Creatures about the Occurrence of the Hereafter Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, وَالْمُرْسَلَـتِ عُرْفاً (By the Mursalat `Urfa.) "The angels." From Masruq, Abu Ad-Duha, Mujahid in one narrations from him, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, statements similar to this have been reported. It has been reported from Abu Salih that he said, "These are the Messenger ﷺ." In another narration from him (Abu Salih) he said that it means the angels. Abu Salih has also said the meaning of Al-`Asifat, An-Nashirat, Al-Fariqat and Al-Mulqiyat, that they all refer to the angels. Ath-Thawri narrated from Salamah bin Kuhayl, who reported from Muslim Al-Batin, who reported from Abu Al-`Ubaydayn that he asked Ibn Mas`ud about the meaning of Al-Mursalat `Urfa, and he (Ibn Mas`ud) said, "The wind." He said the same about Al-`Asifat `Asfa and An-Nashirat Nashra, that they all refer to the wind. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah all said the same. Ibn Jarir confidently affirmed that Al-`Asifat `Asfa means the wind just as Ibn Mas`ud and those who followed him said.However, he (Ibn Jarir) did not affirm whether An-Nashirat Nashra are the angels or the wind as has preceded. It has been reported from Abu Salih that An-Nashirat Nashra is the rain. The most obvious meaning is as Allah says, وَأَرْسَلْنَا الرِّيَاحَ لَوَاقِحَ (And we send the winds fertilizing.) (15:22) He also says, وَهُوَ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشْرىً بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَحْمَتِهِ (And it is He Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His mercy (rain).) (7:57) Similarly, Al-`Asifat are winds. It is said (in Arabic) that the winds `Asifat when they make noise with their blowing. Likewise, An-Nashirat are the winds that scatter into clouds in the horizons of the sky according to the will of the Lord. Allah then says, فَالْفَـرِقَـتِ فَرْقاً - فَالْمُلْقِيَـتِ ذِكْراً - عُذْراً أَوْ نُذْراً (The Fariqat that separate, the Mulqiyat that remind, excusing or warning.) meaning, the angels. This was said by Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Abbas, Masruq, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Ath-Thawri. There is no difference of opinion here, because they (the angels) are the ones who descend with Allah's command to the Messengers, separating between the truth and falsehood, guidance and misguidance, and the lawful and the forbidden. They bring the revelation to the Messengers, which contains exemption or absolvement for the creatures and a warning for them of Allah's torment if they oppose His command. Allah said, إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَوَقِعٌ (Surely, what you are promised will occur.) This is the subject of these oaths. This means, what you all have been promised concerning the establishment of the Hour (Judgement Day), the blowing of the horn, the resurrection of the bodies, the gathering of those of old and those of latter times on one common ground and the rewarding of every doer of a deed based upon his deed. If he did good, then his reward will be good, and if he did evil, then his reward will be evil. All of this will occur, meaning it will come to pass and there is no avoiding it. A Mention of some of what will occur on the Day of Judgement Then Allah says, فَإِذَا النُّجُومُ طُمِسَتْ (Then when the stars lose their lights.) meaning, their light will leave. This is similar to Allah's statement, وَإِذَا النُّجُومُ انكَدَرَتْ (And when the star fall.) (81:2) It is also similar to His statement, وَإِذَا الْكَوَاكِبُ انتَثَرَتْ (And when the stars have fallen and scattered.) (82:2) Then Allah says, وَإِذَا السَّمَآءُ فُرِجَتْ (And when Furijat the heaven.) meaning, it is cleft asunder, becomes split, its sides fall and its edges become weak. وَإِذَا الْجِبَالُ نُسِفَتْ (And when the mountains are blown away.) meaning, they will be removed and no sight or trace of them will remain. This is as Allah says, وَيَسْـَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْجِبَالِ فَقُلْ يَنسِفُهَا رَبِّى نَسْفاً (And they ask you concerning the mountains: Say, "My Lord will blast them and scatter them as particles of dust.") (20:105) Allah also says, " وَيَوْمَ نُسَيِّرُ الْجِبَالَ وَتَرَى الاٌّرْضَ بَارِزَةً وَحَشَرْنَـهُمْ فَلَمْ نُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً (And (remember) the Day We shall cause the mountains to pass away (like clouds of dust), and you will see the earth as a leveled plain, and we shall gather them all together so as to leave not one of them behind.) (18:47) Then He says, وَإِذَا الرُّسُلُ أُقِّتَتْ (And when the Messengers are Uqqitat.) Al-`Awfi narrated from Ibn `Abbas that he said that Uqqitat means "Gathered." Ibn Zayd said, "This is similar to Allah's statement, يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ الرُّسُلَ (On the Day when Allah will gather the Messengers together.) Mujahid said, أُقِّتَتْ (Uqqitat.) "This means postponed." Ath-Thawri narrated from Mansur, who narrated from Ibrahim that he said concerning the word, أُقِّتَتْ (Uqqitat.) "This means promised." It seems as though he holds this to be similar to Allah's statement, وَأَشْرَقَتِ الاٌّرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَـبُ وَجِـىءَ بِالنَّبِيِّيْنَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ وَقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُم بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ (And the earth will shine with the light of its Lord: and the Book will be produced; and the Prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward; and it will be judged between them with truth, and they will not be wronged.) (39:69) Then Allah says, لأَيِّ يَوْمٍ أُجِّلَتْ - لِيَوْمِ الْفَصْلِ - وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا يَوْمُ الْفَصْلِ - وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ (For what Day are these signs postponed For the Day of Sorting Out. And what will explain to you what is the Day of Sorting Out Woe that Day to the deniers!) Allah is saying, `for which day are the Messengers postponed and their matter expected, so that the Hour will be established' This is as Allah says, فَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْلِفَ وَعْدِهِ رُسُلَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انتِقَامٍ - يَوْمَ تُبَدَّلُ الاٌّرْضُ غَيْرَ الاٌّرْضِ وَالسَّمَـوَتُ وَبَرَزُواْ للَّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ (So think not that Allah will fail to keep His promise to His Messengers. Certainly, Allah is Almighty, All-Able of Retribution. On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth and so will be the heavens, and they will appear before Allah, the One, the Irresistible.) (14:47, 48) This is the Day of Sorting Out, as Allah says, لِيَوْمِ الْفَصْلِ (the Day of Sorting Out.) Then Allah says, in magnifying its matter, وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا يَوْمُ الْفَصْلِ - وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ (And what will explain to you what is the Day of Sorting Out Woe that Day to the deniers.) meaning, woe unto them from Allah's torment that is coming in the future.