The Sundering, Splitting Open — Verse 10

But as for him who is given his book from behind his back — and this is the disbeliever whose right hand is chained to his neck and whose left hand by which he is given the book is placed behind his back

وأمَّا مَن أُعطي صحيفة أعماله من وراء ظهره، وهو الكافر بالله، فسوف يدعو بالهلاك والثبور، ويدخل النار مقاسيًا حرها. إنه كان في أهله في الدنيا مسرورًا مغرورًا، لا يفكر في العواقب، إنه ظنَّ أن لن يرجع إلى خالقه حيا للحساب. بلى سيعيده الله كما بدأه ويجازيه على أعماله، إن ربه كان به بصيرًا عليمًا بحاله من يوم خلقه إلى أن بعثه.

أي بشماله من وراء ظهره تثنى يده إلى ورائه ويعطي كتابه بها كذلك.

ثم بين - سبحانه - حال الأشقياء ، بعد بيانه لحال السعداء فقال : ( وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَآءَ ظَهْرِهِ . فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُواْ ثُبُوراً . ويصلى سَعِيراً ) . أى : وأما من أعطى صحيفة أعماله - لسوادها وقبح أعمالها - بشماله من وراء ظهره وهو الكافر - والعياذ بالله - قيل تغل يمناه إلى عنقه ، وتجعل شماله وراء ظهره ، على سبيل الإِهانة والإذلال له .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ (10)يقول تعالى ذكره: وأما من أعطي كتابه منكم أيها الناس يومئذ وراء ظهره، وذلك أن جعل يده اليمنى إلى عنقه وجعل الشمال من يديه وراء ظهره، فيتناول كتابه بشماله من وراء ظهره، ولذلك وصفهم جلَّ ثناؤه أحيانًا أنهم يؤتون كتبهم بشمائلهم، وأحيانًا أنهم يؤتونها من وراء ظهورهم.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ ) قال: يجعل يده من وراء ظهره.

( وأما من أوتي كتابه وراء ظهره ) فتغل يده اليمنى إلى عنقه وتجعل يده الشمال وراء ظهره ، فيؤتى كتابه بشماله من وراء ظهره . وقال مجاهد : تخلع يده اليسرى من وراء ظهره .

وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ (10) وظرف { وراء ظهره } في موضع الحال من { كتابه } .و { ينقلب إلى أهله } أي يرجع . والانقلاب : الرجوع إلى المكان الذي جيء منه ، وقد تقدم قريباً في سورة المطففين .والأهل : العشيرة من زوجة وأبناء وقرابة .وهذا التركيب تمثيل لحال المحاسَب حساباً يسيراً في المسرّة والفوز والنجاة بعد العمل الصالح في الدنيا ، بحال المسافر لتجارة حين يرجع إلى أهله سالماً رابحاً لما في الهيئة المشبه بها من وفرة المسرة بالفوز والربح والسلامة ولقاء الأهل وكلهم في مسرة ، فذلك وجه الشبه بين الهيْأتين وهو السرور المألوف للمخاطبين فالكلام استعارة تمثيلية .وليس المراد رجوعه إلى منزله في الجنة لأنه لم يكن فيه من قبل حتى يقال لمصيره إليه انقلاب ، ولأنه قد لا يكون له أهل . وهو أيضاً كناية عن طول الراحة لأن المسافر إذا رجع إلى أهله فارق المتاعب زمان .

{ وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ } أي: بشماله من خلفه.

قوله تعالى : وأما من أوتي كتابه وراء ظهره نزلت في الأسود بن عبد الأسد أخي أبي سلمة قال ابن عباس . ثم هي عامة في كل مؤمن وكافر . قال ابن عباس : يمد يده اليمنى ليأخذ كتابه فيجذبه ملك ، فيخلع يمينه ، فيأخذ كتابه بشماله من وراء ظهره . وقال قتادة ومقاتل : يفك ألواح صدره وعظامه ثم تدخل يده وتخرج من ظهره ، فيأخذ كتابه كذلك .

In spite of such clear indications, there are those who do not believe in the Hereafter and live out their lives without ever taking it into account. Such individuals are certainly committing a crime which is deserving of the punishment mentioned above.

فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ ﴿7﴾ فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا ﴿8﴾ وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا ﴿9﴾ (So, as for him whose book [ of deeds ] will be given to him in his right hand, he will be called to account in an easy manner, and he will go back to his people joyfully....7-9) This verse describes the condition of the believers. Their books of deeds will be given to them in their right hands. An easy reckoning will be taken from them and the welcome news of Paradise will be given to them. They will return to their families joyfully. It is reported in the Sahih of Bukhari from Sayyidah ` A'shah ؓ that the Holy Prophet has said: من حوسب یوم القیامۃ عزّب "He who is required to account for [ or questioned about ] his deeds will have to be punished." At this Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ asked, "What is the meaning of the [ following ] verse?” يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا (he will be called to account in an easy manner,..84:8). The Holy Prophet explained that the verse signifies 'the deeds will merely be presented before Allah without being questioned. As for the person whose deeds are scrutinised, he will never be able to escape torment'. This explanation of the Holy Prophet ﷺ clarifies that the deeds of the believers will also be presented before Allah, but by virtue of their faith, not all of their actions will be scrutinised. This is referred to as 'account in an easy manner'. The words 'he will go back to his people joyfully' may be interpreted in one of two ways. This may refer to the Houris who will be his family members in Paradise, or it may refer to his family members in the world who will be present in the Plain of Gathering, and he, after knowing about his success, will impart to them, according to the custom of this life, the welcome news of his achievement. The commentators have mentioned both possibilities in interpreting this sentence. [ Qurtubi ].

(But whoso is given his account) the account of his evil deeds (behind his back) in his left hand, referring here to al-Aswad Ibn 'Abd al-Asad, the brother of Abu Salamah,

Which was revealed in Makkah The Prostration of Recitation in Surat Al-Inshiqaq It is reported from Abu Salamah that while leading them in prayer, Abu Hurayrah recited, إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انشَقَّتْ (When the heaven is split asunder.) and he prostrated during its recitation. Then when he completed the prayer, he informed them that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated during its recitation. This was recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i on the authority of Malik. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Rafi` that he prayed the Night prayer with Abu Hurayrah) recited, إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انشَقَّتْ (When the heaven is split asunder.) then he prostrated. So Abu Rafi` said something to him about it (questioning it). Abu Hurayrah replied, "I prostrated behind Abul-Qasim (the Prophet ), and I will never cease prostrating during its recitation until I meet him." بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Splitting the Heavens asunder and stretching the Earth forth on the Day of Resurrection Allah says, إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انشَقَّتْ (When the heaven is split asunder,) This refers to the Day of Judgement. وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا (And listens to and obeys its Lord) meaning, it listens to its Lord and obeys His command to split apart. This will occur on the Day of Judgement. وَحُقَّتْ (and it must do so.) meaning, it is right for it to obey the command of its Lord, because it is great and cannot be rejected, nor overcome. Rather it overpowers everything and everything is submissive to it. Then Allah says, وَإِذَا الاٌّرْضُ مُدَّتْ (And when the earth is stretched forth,) meaning, when the earth is expanded, spread out and extended. Then He says, وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ (And has cast out all that was in it and became empty.) meaning, it throws out the dead inside of it, and it empties itself of them. This was said by Mujahid, Sa`id, and Qatadah. وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ (And listens to and obeys its Lord, and it must do so.) The explanation of this is the same as what has preceded. The Recompense for Deeds is True Allah says, يأَيُّهَا الإِنسَـنُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَدْحاً (O man! Verily, you are returning towards your Lord with your deeds and actions, a sure returning,) meaning, `verily you are hastening to your Lord and working deeds.' فَمُلَـقِيهِ (and you will meet.) `Then you will meet that which you did of good or evil.' A proof for this is what Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded from Jabir, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، عِشْ مَا شِئْتَ فَإِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ، وَأَحْبِبْ (مَنْ) شِئْتَ فَإِنَّكَ مُفَارِقُهُ، وَاعْمَلْ مَا شِئْتَ فَإِنَّكَ مُلَاقِيه» (Jibril said, "O Muhammad! Live how you wish, for verily you will die; love what you wish, for verily you will part with it; and do what you wish, for verily you will meet it (your deed).) There are some people who refer the pronoun back to the statement "your Lord." Thus, they hold the Ayah to mean, "and you will meet your Lord." This means that He will reward you for your work, and pay you for your efforts. Therefore, both of these two views are connected. Al-`Awfi recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said explaining, يأَيُّهَا الإِنسَـنُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَدْحاً (O man! Verily, you are returning towards your Lord with your deeds and actions, a sure returning,) "Whatever deed you do, you will meet Allah with it, whether it is good or bad." The Presentation and the Discussion that will take place during the Reckoning Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـبَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ - فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَاباً يَسِيراً (Then as for him who will be given his Record in his right hand, he surely, will receive an easy reckoning,) (84:7-8) meaning, easy without any difficulty. This means that he will not be investigated for all the minute details of his deeds. For verily, whoever is reckoned like that, he will certainly be destroyed. Imam Ahmad recorded from `A'ishah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَنْ نُوقِشَ الْحِسَابَ عُذِّب» (Whoever is interrogated during the reckoning, then he will be punished.) `A'ishah then said, "But didn't Allah say, فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَاباً يَسِيراً (He surely will receive an easy reckoning,)" The Prophet replied, «لَيْسَ ذَاكِ بِالْحِسَابِ، وَلَــكِنْ ذلِكِ الْعَرْضُ، مَنْ نُوقِشَ الْحِسَابَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عُذِّب» (That is not during to the Reckoning, rather it is referring to the presentation. Whoever is interrogated during the Reckoning on the Day of Judgement, then he will be punished.) This Hadith has also been recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir. In reference to Allah's statement, وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُوراً (And will return to his family Masrur!) This means that he will return to his family in Paradise. This was said by Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak. They also said, "Masrur means happy and delighted by what Allah has given him." Allah said; وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـبَهُ وَرَآءَ ظَهْرِهِ (But whosoever is given his Record behind his back,) meaning, he will be given his Book in his left hand, behind his back, while his hand is bent behind him. فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُوراً (He will invoke destruction,) meaning, loss and destruction. وَيَصْلَى سَعِيراً - إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِى أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُوراً (And he shall enter a blazing Fire, and made to taste its burning. Verily, he was among his people in joy!) meaning, happy. He did not think about the consequences, nor feared what (future) was in front of him. His light happiness will be followed by long grief. إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ (Verily, he thought that he would never return!) meaning, he used to believe that he would not return to Allah, nor would Allah bring him back (to life) after his death. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and others. Allah then says, بَلَى إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيراً (Yes! Verily, his Lord has been ever beholding him!) meaning, certainly Allah will repeat his creation just as he began his creation, and He will reward him based upon his deeds, whether they were good or bad. He was ever watchful of him, meaning All-Knowing and All-Aware.