The Fig, The Figtree — Verse 7

So what makes you deny O disbeliever thereafter — after the mention of man being created in the best of forms and his being reduced to the vilest of age all of which indicates the power of God to resurrect — the Judgement? the Requital that will be preceded by the Resurrection and the Reckoning. In other words what makes you disbelieve in all this? Nothing does!

أيُّ شيء يحملك -أيها الإنسان- على أن تكذِّب بالبعث والجزاء مع وضوح الأدلة على قدرة الله تعالى على ذلك؟

وقوله تعالى"فما يكذبك"أي يا ابن آدم "بعد بالدين" أي بالجزاء في المعاد ولقد علمت البداءة وعرفت أن من قدر على البداءة فهو قادر على الرجعة بطريق الأولى فأي شئ يحملك على التكذيب بالمعاد وقد عرفت هذا؟ قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أحمد بن سنان حدثنا عبدالرحمن عن سفيان عن منصور قال: قلت لمجاهد "فما يكذبك بعد بالدين" عني به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال: معاذ الله عني به الإنسان وهكذا قال عكرمة وغيره.

و " ما " فى قوله - سبحانه - : ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بالدين ) اسم استفهام مبتدأ ، وخبره جملة " يكذبك " . والخطاب للإِنسان الذين خلقه الله - تعالى - فى أحسن تقويم ، ففى الكلام التفات من الغيبة إلى الخطاب . والاستفهام للإِنكار والتعجيب من هذا الإِنسان .والمعنى : فأى شئ يحملك - أيها الإِنسان - على التكذيب بالدين وبالبعث وبالجزاء ، بعد أن خلقناك فى أحسن تقويم ، وبعد أن أقمنا لك الأدلة على أن دين الإِسلام هو الدين الحق ، وعلى أن رسولنا صادق فيما يبلغك عن ربه - عز وجل -؟فالمقصود بقوله - تعالى - : ( يُكَذِّبُكَ ) : يجعلك مكذباً ، أى : لا عذر لك فى التكذيب بالحق ، وقيل : الخطاب للنبى صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وتكون " ما " بمعنى " مَنْ " ويكون الاستفهام بها عن ذوات المخاطبين ، أى : فمن ذا الذى يكذبك - أيها الرسول الكريم - ويكذب بيوم الدين والجزاء ، بعد أن ظهرت الدلائل على صدقك . . ؟إن كل عاقل يجب عليه أن يصدقك ولا يكذبك ، ولا يعرض عنك .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ (7)اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل قوله: ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ ) فقال بعضهم معناه: فمن يكذّبك يا محمد بعد هذه الحجج التي احتججنا بها، بالدين، يعني: بطاعة الله، وما بعثك به من الحقّ، وأن الله يبعث من في القبور؟ قالوا: " ما " في معنى " مَنْ"، لأنه عُنِيَ به ابن آدم، ومن بعث إليه النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: فما يكذّبك أيها الإنسان بعد هذه الحجج بالدين.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن منصور، قال: قلت لمجاهد: ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) عني به النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال: معاذ الله! عُني به الإنسان.حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عمن سمع مجاهدا يقول: ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) قلت: يعني به: النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال: معاذ الله! إنما يعني به الإنسان.دثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن سفيان، عن منصور، عن مجاهد ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) أعني به النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال: معاذ الله! إنما عُنِيَ به الإنسان.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن الكلبيّ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) ؟ إنما يعني الإنسان، يقول: خلقتك في أحسن تقويم، فما يكذّبك أيها الإنسان بعد بالدين.وقال آخرون: إنما عني بذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقيل له: استيقن مع ما جاءك من الله من البيان، أن الله أحكم الحاكمين.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) أي استيقن بعد ما جاءك من الله البيان ( أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ ) .وأولى الأقوال في ذلك عندي بالصواب قول من قال: معنى " ما " معنى " مَنْ", ووجه تأويل الكلام إلى: فمن يكذبك يا محمد بعد الذي جاءك من هذا البيان من الله بالدين؟ يعني: بطاعة الله، ومجازاته العباد على أعمالهم. وقد تأوّل ذلك بعض أهل العربية بمعنى: فما الذي يكذّبك بأن الناس يدانون بأعمالهم؟ وكأنه قال: فمن يقدر على تكذيبك بالثواب والعقاب، بعد ما تبين له خلقنا الإنسان على ما وصفنا.واختلفوا في معنى قوله: ( بِالدِّينِ ) فقال بعضهم: بالحساب.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن الأسود الطُّفاوي، قال: ثنا محمد بن ربيعة، عن النضر بن عربيّ، عن عكرِمة، في قوله: ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) قال: الحساب.وقال آخرون: معناه: بحكم الله.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس: ( فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ) يقول: ما يكذّبك بحكم الله.وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب قول من قال: الدين في هذا الموضع: الجزاء والحساب، وذلك أن أحد معانى الدين في كلام العرب: الجزاء والحساب؛ ومنه قولهم: &; 24-516 &; كما تدين تُدان. ولا أعرف من معاني الدين " الحكم " في كلامهم، إلا أن يكون مرادا بذلك: فما يكذّبك بعد بأمر الله الذي حكم به عليك أن تطيعه فيه؟ فيكون ذلك.

ثم قال: إلزاماً للحجة: ( فما يكذبك ) [ أي : أمن يكذبك . وقيل : أي شيء يكذبك ؟ أي يحملك على الكذب ، وقيل على التكذيب ] أيها الإنسان ، ( بعد ) أي بعد هذه الحجة والبرهان ، ( بالدين ) بالحساب والجزاء ، والمعنى : ألا تتفكر في صورتك وشبابك وهرمك فتعتبر ، وتقول : إن الذي فعل ذلك قادر على أن يبعثني ويحاسبني ، فما الذي يكذبك بالمجازاة بعد هذه الحجج ؟

فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ (7) تفريع على جميع ما ذكر من تقويم خلق الإنسان ثم رده أسفل سافلين ، لأن ما بعد الفاء من الكلام مسبّب عن البيان الذي قبل الفاء ، أي فقد بان لك أن غير الذين آمنوا هم الذين رُدُّوا إلى أسفل سافلين ، فمن يكذب منهم بالدين الحق بعد هذا البيان .و ( مَا ) يَجوز أن تكون استفهامية ، والاستفهام توبيخي ، والخطاب للإِنسان المذكور في قوله : { لقد خلقنا الإنسان في أحسن تقويم } [ التين : 4 ] فإنه بعد أن استثني منه الذين آمنوا بقي الإِنسان المكذب .وضمير الخطاب التفات ، ومقتضى الظاهر أن يقال : فما يكذبه . ونكتة الالتفات هنا أنه أصرح في مواجهة الإِنسان المكذب بالتوبيخ .ومعنى { يكذبك } يَجعلك مُكذباً ، أي لا عذر لك في تكذيبك بالدين .ومتعلق التكذيب : إمَّا محذوف لظهوره ، أي يجعلك مكذّباً بالرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وأمّا المجرور بالباء

{ فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ } أي: أي: شيء يكذبك أيها الإنسان بيوم الجزاء على الأعمال، وقد رأيت من آيات الله الكثيرة ما به يحصل لك اليقين، ومن نعمه ما يوجب عليك أن لا تكفر بشيء مما أخبرك به.

قوله تعالى : فما يكذبك بعد بالدين [ ص: 104 ] قيل : الخطاب للكافر توبيخا وإلزاما للحجة . أي إذا عرفت أيها الإنسان أن الله خلقك في أحسن تقويم ، وأنه يردك إلى أرذل العمر ، وينقلك من حال إلى حال فما يحملك على أن تكذب بالبعث والجزاء ، وقد أخبرك محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - به ؟ وقيل : الخطاب للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أي استيقن مع ما جاءك من الله - عز وجل - ، أنه أحكم الحاكمين . روي معناه عن قتادة . وقال قتادة أيضا والفراء : المعنى فمن يكذبك أيها الرسول بعد هذا البيان بالدين . واختاره الطبري . كأنه قال : فمن يقدر على ذلك أي على تكذيبك بالثواب والعقاب ، بعد ما ظهر من قدرتنا على خلق الإنسان والدين والجزاء . قال الشاعر :دنا تميما كما كانت أوائلنا دانت أوائلهم في سالف الزمن

The first five verses of this chapter were the very first verses which were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Almighty God created man out of ordinary material elements. Then He blessed him with the rare capacity to read and to understand the import of what he read. Then, man was given the additional capacity to use the pen and thus systematise and preserve his knowledge. While the capacity to read enables a man to acquire knowledge, the pen makes him capable of spreading this knowledge to others on a large scale. The ‘pen’ is a symbol of knowledge. In other words, through written words the believers are enjoined to acquire and spread the knowledge of the truth, wisdom and beauty of Islam. Today, spreading the word of God will be done by means of printed material and through other means of communication which includes the internet and the multimedia. Translations of the Quran in various languages, Islamic books and other printed material on Islam should be distributed as a part of dawah work on a large scale, so that the word of God reaches each and every home—big or small as predicted in a hadith (Musnad Ahmed). Thousands of men and women are dying every day without having had the message of God conveyed to them; without having had the opportunity to accept it, they have missed their chance of improving their lives in the Hereafter. In such a situation it is the solemn responsibility of the believers to desist from making excuses and seriously take up the mission of proclaiming the divine truth. The conveying of the message of Truth to everyone, the responsibility for which has been placed on the Muslims, is not like an optional subject, which you may either take up or leave off on some pretext. This is a responsibility of such a nature that it has to be discharged at all costs. Dawah, which in the Quran is called ‘warning and giving glad tidings’, is directly the mission of God. So that men might have no argument with God on the plea that they were unaware, this task was passed on to the believers themselves after the preservation of the Quran. This exigency has opened up the opportunity for man to perform this great divine task. Those who come forward to carry out this divine mission of dawah will receive special succour in this life and will be held deserving of great honour in the life Hereafter.

فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ (So, what can make you, after all this, to deny the Requital?...95:7). In the preceding verses man is made to realise that Allah created him, He bestowed on him special favours and the revolution that He brought about in his old age. Man will move from stage to stage, finally reaching the grave and the Hereafter. But he rejects the Hereafter, as a result he is warned. He has seen the scenes of Divine omnipotence and revolutions - how dare he denies and rejects the Hereafter! Is Allah not the Greatest Ruler of all the rulers? [ 8] Ruling Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ narrates that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said that while reciting Surah At-Tin, when one reaches the end of it: أَلَيْسَ اللَّـهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ 'Is Allah not the Greatest Ruler of all the rulers? [ 8] ' one should recite: بلٰی وَاَنَا عَلٰی ذٰلِکَ مِنَ الشّاھِدِینَ 'Yes, indeed, Allah is the Ruler of the rulers, and I bear witness to it.' The jurists have ruled that it is mustahab (preferable/desirable) to recite the words. Al-hamdulillah The Commentary on Surah At-Tin Ends here

(So who henceforth) i.e. after what I have mentioned to you of the transformation of youth and old age, life and death (will give the lie to thee) O Muhammad (about the judgement) about the Day of Reckoning? It is also said this means: what has driven you, O Kildah Ibn Usayd and Walid Ibn al-Mughirah, to deny the Day of Judgement?

except those who believe and perform righteous deeds�in their youth, for when they become weak and old, We command the angels to record for them deeds that they used to do in their youth; for they shall have an unfailing reward, that is, the rewards for their deeds will not cease, even though they are too weak to perform them. But God knows best. His words, Exalted is He:Nay, but man verily is wont to transgress the bounds (! when he sees himself as self-sufficient)He said:That is, the [mere] sight of one�s wealth (ruʾyat al-ghinā) brings about [a feeling] of independence(istighnāʾ), and the sense of independence gives rise to transgression (ṭughyān). Ḥasan [al-Baṣrī] said, �Short-sighted is the person who has had the world kept from him, yet does not realise that this is [a manifestation] of God�s regard for him. Moreover, short-sighted indeed is also the person who has had the world placed at his disposal, and does not fear that this may be a form of ruse (makr) that God is devising against him.� Then [Tustarī] said:By God, the world has not been made available to a servant without him transgressing as a consequence, no matter who they happened to be. Then he recited His words, Exalted is He, Nay, but man verily is wont to transgress the bounds! when he sees himself as self-sufficient.His words, Exalted is He:

Which was revealed in Makkah The Recitation of Surat At-Tin in the Prayer while traveling Malik and Shu`bah narrated from `Adi bin Thabit, who narrated that Al-Bara' bin `Azib said, "The Prophet used to recite in one of his Rak`ahs while traveling `At-Tin waz-Zaytun' (Surat At-Tin), and I have never heard anyone with a nicer voice or recitation than him." The Group has recorded this Hadith in their books. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Explanation of At-Tin and what comes after it Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that what is meant by At-Tin is the Masjid of Nuh that was built upon Mount Al-Judi. Mujahid said, "It is this fig that you have." وَالزَّيْتُونِ (By Az-Zaytun.) Ka`b Al-Ahbar, Qatadah, Ibn Zayd and others have said, "It is the Masjid of Jerusalem (Bayt Al-Maqdis)." Mujahid and `Ikrimah said, "It is this olive which you press (to extract the oil)." وَطُورِ سِينِينَ (By Tur Sinin.) Ka`b Al-Ahbar and several others have said, "It is the mountain upon which Allah spoke to Musa." وَهَـذَا الْبَلَدِ الاٌّمِينِ (By this city of security.) meaning Makkah. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Ibn Zayd and Ka`b Al-Ahbar. There is no difference of opinion about this. Some of the Imams have said that these are three different places, and that Allah sent a Messenger to each of them from the Leading Messengers, who delivered the Great Codes of Law. The first place is that of the fig and the olive, which was Jerusalem, where Allah sent `Isa bin Maryam. The second place is Mount Sinin, which is Mount Sinai where Allah spoke to Musa bin `Imran. The third place is Makkah, and it is the city of security where whoever enters is safe. It is also the city in which Muhammad was sent. They have said that these three places are mentioned at the end of the Tawrah. The verse says, "Allah has come from Mount Sinai - meaning the one upon which Allah spoke to Musa bin `Imran; and shined from Sa`ir - meaning the mountain of Jerusalem from which Allah sent `Isa; and appeared from the mountains of Faran - meaning the mountains of Makkah from which Allah sent `Isa; and appeared from the mountains of Faran - meaning the mountains of Makkah from which Allah sent Muhammad ." Thus, He mentioned them in order to inform about them based upon their order of existence in time. This is why He swore by a noble place, then by a nobler place, and then by a place that is the nobler than both of them. Man becoming Lowly even though He was created in the Best Form and the Result of that Allah says, لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإِنسَـنَ فِى أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ (Verily, We created man in the best form.) This is the subject being sworn about, and it is that Allah created man in the best image and form, standing upright with straight limbs that He beautified. ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَـهُ أَسْفَلَ سَـفِلِينَ (Then We reduced him to the lowest of the low.) meaning, to the Hellfire. This was said by Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Ibn Zayd and others. Then after this attractiveness and beauty, their destination will be to the Hell-fire if they disobey Allah and belie the Messengers. This is why Allah says, إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ (Save those who believe and do righteous deeds.) Some have said, ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَـهُ أَسْفَلَ سَـفِلِينَ (Then We reduced him to the lowest of the low.) "This means decrepit old age." This has been reported from Ibn `Abbas and `Ikrimah. `Ikrimah even said, "Whoever gathers the Qur'an (i.e., he memorizes it all), then he will not be returned to decrepit old age." Ibn Jarir preferred this explanation. Even if this was the meaning, it would not be correct to exclude the believers from this, because some of them are also overcome by the senility of old age. Thus, the meaning here is what we have already mentioned (i.e., the first view), which is similar to Allah's saying, وَالْعَصْرِ - إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ لَفِى خُسْرٍ إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ (By Al-`Asr. Verily man is in loss, except those who believe and perform righteous deeds.) (103:1-3) Concerning Allah's statement, فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ (Then they shall have a reward without end.) meaning, that will not end, as we have mentioned previously. Then Allah says, فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ (Then what causes you to deny) meaning, `O Son of Adam!' بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ (after this the Recompense) meaning, `in the recompense that will take place in the Hereafter. For indeed you know the beginning, and you know that He Who is able to begin (the creation) is also able to repeat it which is easier. So what is it that makes you deny the final return in the Hereafter after you have known this' Then Allah says, أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَـكِمِينَ (Is not the Allah the best of judges) meaning, `is He not the best of judges, Who does not oppress or do any injustice to anyone' And from His justice is that He will establish the Judgement, and He will give retribution to the person who was wronged in this life against whoever wronged him. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat wat-Tin waz-Zaytun and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.