Jonah — Verse 40

The Qur'an is the True, Inimitable Word of Allah and It is a Miracle The Qur'an has a miraculous nature that cannot be imitated. No one can produce anything similar to the Qur'an, nor ten Surahs or even one Surah like it. The eloquence, clarity, precision and grace of the Qur'an cannot be but from Allah. The great and abundant principles and meanings within the Qur'an -- which are of great benefit in this world and for the Hereafter -- cannot be but from Allah. There is nothing like His High Self and Attributes or like His sayings and actions. Therefore His Words are not like the words of His creatures. This is why Allah said: وَمَا كَانَ هَـذَا الْقُرْءَانُ أَن يُفْتَرَى مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ (And this Qur'an is not such as could ever be produced by other than Allah) meaning, a book like this cannot be but from Allah. This is not similar to the speech uttered by humans. وَلَـكِن تَصْدِيقَ الَّذِى بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ (but it is a confirmation of (the revelation) which was before it,) Such as previous revelations and Books. The Qur'an confirms these books and is a witness to them. It shows the changes, perversions and corruption that have taken place within these Books. Then Allah said, وَتَفْصِيلَ الْكِتَابِ لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ مِن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ (and a full explanation of the Book -- wherein there is no doubt -- from the Lord of all that exists.) That is, fully and truly explaining and detailing the rules and the lawful and the unlawful. With this complete and more than sufficient explanation, the Qur'an leaves no doubt that it is from Allah, the Lord of all that exists. Allah says, أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِسُورَةٍ مِّثْلِهِ وَادْعُواْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ (Or do they say: "He has forged it" Say: "Bring then a Surah like unto it, and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allah, if you are truthful!") If you argue, claim and doubt whether this is from Allah then you uttered a lie and blasphemy, and you say it is from Muhammad -- Muhammad , however is a man like you, and since he came as you claim with this Qur'an -- then you produce a Surah like one of its Surahs. Produce something of the same nature and seek help and support with all the power you have from humans and Jinns. This is the third stage, Allah challenged them and called them to produce a counterpart of the Qur'an if they were truthful in their claim that it was simply from Muhammad . Allah even suggested that they seek help from anyone they chose. But He told them that they would not be able to do it. They would have no way of doing so. Allah said: قُل لَّئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الإِنسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَن يَأْتُواْ بِمِثْلِ هَـذَا الْقُرْءَانِ لاَ يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا (Say: "If the mankind and the Jinn were together to produce the like of this Qur'an, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another.") 17:88 Then He reduced the number for them to ten Surahs similar to it, in the beginning of Surah Hud, Allah said: أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِّثْلِهِ مُفْتَرَيَاتٍ وَادْعُواْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ (Or they say, "He forged it." Say: "Bring you then ten forged Surah like unto it, and call whomsoever you can, other than Allah, if you speak the truth!")11:13 In this Surah He went even further to challenge them to produce only one Surah like unto the Qur'an. So He said: أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِسُورَةٍ مِّثْلِهِ وَادْعُواْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ (Or do they say: "He has forged it" Say: "Bring then a Surah like unto it, and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allah, if you are truthful!") 10:38 He also challenged them in Surat Al-Baqarah, a Madinite Surah, to produce one Surah similar to it. He stated in that Surah that they would never be capable of doing so, saying: فَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلُواْ وَلَن تَفْعَلُواْ فَاتَّقُواْ النَّارَ (But if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell).)2:24 It should be noted here that eloquence was a part of the nature and character of the Arabs. Arabic poetry including Al-Mu`allaqat -- the oldest complete collection of the most eloquent ancient Arabic poems -- was considered to be the best in the literary arts. However Allah sent down to them something whose style none were familiar with, and no one is equal in stature to imitate. So those who believed among them, believed because of what they knew and felt in the Book, including its beauty, elegance, benefit, and fluency. They became the most knowledgeable of the Qur'an and its best in adhering to it. The same thing happened to the magicians during Fir`awn's time. They were knowledgeable of the arts of sorcery, however, when Musa performed his miracles, they knew that it must have come through someone that was supported and guided by Allah. They knew that no human could perform such acts without the permission of Allah. Similarly, `Isa was sent at the time of scholarly medicine and during the advancement in the treatment of patients. He healed the blind, lepers and raised the dead to life by Allah's leave. What `Isa was able to do was such that no form of treatment or medicine could reproduce. As a result, those who believed in him knew that he was Allah's servant and His Messenger. Similarly, in the Sahih, Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «مَا مِنْ نَبِيَ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أُوتِيَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ مَا آمَنَ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ الْبَشَرُ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الَّذِي أُوتِيتُهُ وَحْيًا أَوْحَاهُ اللهُ إِلَيَّ فَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَكْثَرَهُمْ تَابِعًا» (There was never a Prophet but he was given signs by which the people would recognize him, and that which I was given is revelation that Allah revealed, so I hope that I will have the most followers among them.) Allah then said: بَلْ كَذَّبُواْ بِمَا لَمْ يُحِيطُواْ بِعِلْمِهِ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِهِمْ تَأْوِيلُهُ (Nay, they have belied the knowledge whereof they could not comprehend and what has not yet been fulfilled. ) They did not believe in the Qur'an and they have not yet grasped it or comprehended it. وَلَمَّا يَأْتِهِمْ تَأْوِيلُهُ (And what has not yet been fulfilled.) They have not attained the guidance and the true religion. So they belied it out of ignorance and foolishness. كَذَلِكَ كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ (Those before them did belie.) meaning, the past nations, فَانظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـقِبَةُ الظَّـلِمِينَ (Then see what was the end of the wrongdoers!) Look at how we Destroyed them because they denied Our Messengers in their wickedness, pride, stubbornness and ignorance. So beware you who deny the message that the same end will befall you. Allah's statement, وَمِنهُمْ مَّن يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ (And of them there are some who believe therein;) means that among those you were sent to, O Muhammad, are people who will believe in this Qur'an, follow you and benefit from what has been sent to you. وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن لاَّ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ (and of them there are some who believe not therein,) but dies as a disbeliever and will be resurrected as such. وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ (And your Lord is All-Aware of the mischief makers. ) He best knows those who deserve guidance, so He guides them, and those who deserve to go astray, He allows to go astray. Allah is, however, the Just who is never unjust. He gives everyone what they deserve. All Glory is His, the Exalted. There is no God but He.

And of them that is of the people of Mecca are some who believe in it God being aware of this in their case and some who would never believe therein. And your Lord knows very well the corrupters this is a threat for them.

And of them are some who believe in it, that is, who will believe in it because of the thinness of their veil, and some who would never believe therein, ever, because of the thickness of their veil.

And of them are some who believe in it, that is, who will believe in it because of the thinness of their veil, and some who would never believe therein, ever, because of the thickness of their veil.

ومِن قومك -أيها الرسول- مَن يصدِّق بالقرآن، ومنهم من لا يصدِّق به حتى يموت على ذلك ويبعث عليه، وربك أعلم بالمفسدين الذين لا يؤمنون به على وجه الظلم والعناد والفساد، فيجازيهم على فسادهم بأشد العذاب.

وقوله "ومنهم من يؤمن به" الآية أي ومن هؤلاء الذين بعثت إليهم يا محمد من يؤمن بهذا القرآن ويتبعك وينتفع بما أرسلت به "ومنهم من لا يؤمن به" بل يموت على ذلك ويبعث عليه "وربك أعلم بالمفسدين" أي وهو أعلم بمن يستحق الهداية فيهديه; ومن يستحق الضلالة فيضله وهو العادل الذي لا يجور بل يعطي كلا ما يستحقه تبارك وتعالى وتقدس وتنزه لا إله إلا هو.

ثم فصل - سبحانه - أحوالهم ومواقفهم من القرآن الكريم فقال : ( وَمِنهُمْ مَّن يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن لاَّ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بالمفسدين ) .أى : ومن هؤلاء الذين بعثت إليهم يا محمد من يؤمن بهذا القرآن ، ويتبعك وينتفع بها أرسلت به ، ومنهم من لا يؤمن به أبدا لاستحبابه العمى على الهدى .وعليه يكون المراد بمن يؤمن به ، أولئك الذين وفقهم الله لاتباع الحق عن يقين وإذعان .وقيل إن المعنى : ومن قومك يا ممد أناس مؤمنون فى قرارة نفوسهم بأن هذا القرآن من عند الله ، ولكنهم يكذبونك جحودا وعنادا ومنهم من لا يؤمن به أصلا لا نطماس بصيرته ، وإيثاره الغي على الرشد .وعلى هذا التفسير يكون المراد بمن يؤمن به : أولئك الذين يعرفون الحق كما يعرفون أبناءهم ، ولكن الغرور والجهل والحسد حال بينهم وبين اتباعه .وقوله : ( وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بالمفسدين ) أى : وربك أعلم بالمفسدين فى الأرض بالشرك والظلم والفجور ، وسيحاسبهم على ذلك يوم الدين حسابا عسيرا ، ويذيقهم العذاب الذى يستحقونه ، فالمراد بالعلم هنا لازمه وهو الحساب والعقاب .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لا يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ (40)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: ومن قومك ، يا محمد ، من قريش ، من سوف يؤمن به يقول: من سوف يصدِّق بالقرآن ويقرُّ أنه من عند الله ، (ومنهم من لا يؤمن به) أبدًا ، يقول: ومنهم من لا يصدق به ولا يقرُّ أبدًا ، (وربك أعلم بالمفسدين ) يقول : والله أعلم بالمكذّبين به منهم، الذين لا يصدقون به أبدًا، من كل أحدٍ ، لا يخفى عليه، وهو من وراء عقابه. فأما من كتبتُ له أن يؤمن به منهم ، فإني سأتوب عليه. (19)----------------------الهوامش :(19) انظر تفسير " الفساد " فيما سلف 14 : 86 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك .

( ومنهم من يؤمن به ) أي : من قومك من يؤمن بالقرآن ، ( ومنهم من لا يؤمن به ) لعلم الله السابق فيهم ، ( وربك أعلم بالمفسدين ) الذين لا يؤمنون .

عطف على جملة : { بل كذبوا بما لم يحيطوا بعلمه } [ يونس : 39 ] لأن الإخبار عن تكذيبهم بأنه دون الإحاطة بعلم ما كذبوا به يقتضي أن تكذيبهم به ليس عن بصيرة وتأمل . وما كان بهاته المثابة كان حال المكذبين فيه متفاوتاً حتى يبلغ إلى أن يكون تكذيباً مع اعتقاد نفي الكذب عنه ، ولذلك جاء موقع هذه الآية عقب الأخرى موقع التخصيص للعام في الظاهر أو البيان للمجمللِ من عدم الإحاطة بعلمه ، كما تقدم بيانه في قوله : { بما لم يحيطوا بعلمه } [ يونس : 39 ]. فكان حالهم في الإيمان بالقرآن كحالهم في اتباع الأصنام إذ قال فيهم : { وما يتبع أكثرهم إلا ظناً } [ يونس : 36 ] ، فأشعر لفظ { أكثرهم } بأن منهم من يعلم بطلان عبادة الأصنام ولكنهم يتبعونها مشايعة لقومهم ومكابرة للحق ، وكذلك حالهم في التكذيب بنسبة القرآن إلى الله ، فمنهم من يؤمن به ويكتم إيمانه مكابرة وعَداء ، ومنهم من لا يؤمنون به ويكذبون عن تقليد لكبرائهم .والفريقان مشتركان في التكذيب في الظاهر كما أنبأت عنه ( من ) التبعيضية ، وضمير الجمع عائد إلى ما عادت إليه ضمائر { أم يقولون افتراه } [ يونس : 38 ] فمعنى يؤمن به يصدق بحقيته في نفسه ولكنه يظهر تكذيبه جمعاً بين إسناد الإيمان إليهم وبين جعلهم بعضاً من الذين يقولون { افتراه }.واختيار المضارع للدلالة على استمرار الإيمان به من بعضهم مع المعاندة ، واستمرار عدم الإيمان به من بعضهم أيضاً .وجملة : { وربك أعلم بالمفسدين } معترضة في آخر الكلام على رأي المحققين من علماء المعاني ، وهي تعريض بالوعيد والإنذار ، وبأنهم من المفسدين ، للعلم بأنه ما ذكر { المفسدين } هنا إلاّ لأن هؤلاء منهم وإلا لم يكن لذكر { المفسدين } مناسبة ، فالمعنى : وربك أعلم بهم لأنه أعلم بالمفسدين الذين هم من زمرتهم .

‏{‏وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ‏}‏ أي‏:‏ بالقرآن وما جاء به، ‏{‏وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ‏}‏ وهم الذين لا يؤمنون به على وجه العناد والظلم والفساد، فسيجازيهم على فسادهم بأشد العذاب‏.‏

قوله تعالى ومنهم من يؤمن به ومنهم من لا يؤمن به وربك أعلم بالمفسدينقوله تعالى ومنهم من يؤمن به قيل : المراد أهل مكة ، أي ومنهم من يؤمن به في المستقبل وإن طال تكذيبه ; لعلمه تعالى السابق فيهم أنهم من السعداء . و من رفع بالابتداء والخبر في المجرور . وكذا ومنهم من لا يؤمن به والمعنى ومنهم من يصر على كفره حتى يموت ; كأبي طالب وأبي لهب ونحوهما . وقيل : المراد أهل الكتاب . وقيل : هو عام في جميع الكفار ; وهو الصحيح . وقيل . إن الضمير في به يرجع إلى محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ; فأعلم الله سبحانه أنه إنما أخر العقوبة لأن منهم من سيؤمن .وربك أعلم بالمفسدين أي من يصر على كفره ; وهذا تهديد لهم .

One who does not embrace the Faith is, in the eyes of God, mufsid (a disturber of the peace) because it is only by disturbing his nature that it is possible for anyone to prevent himself from accepting the truth. Such a man curbs the voice of his conscience; he does not put to use his thinking capacity; he ignores clear reasoning by uttering false words; he is not receptive even after listening and does not try to understand even after having had everything explained to him. He gives preference to his prejudices, and his self-interests overwhelm the truth. Those who argue falsely, and at length, go on arguing till the last, saying: ‘You mind your own business and I’ll mind mine.’ To make such a statement seems to them like a way of avoiding defeat. But a missionary performs his work, rising above the psychology of victory or defeat. So, when he observes that the opponent has stooped to adopt an adamant and stubborn attitude and finds that there is no use in arguing further, he disassociates himself by saying that real decision is with God; and that his opponent’s final fate will be in accordance with his position in God’s assessment.

In the concluding verse (32), it was said: فَذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّـهُ رَ‌بُّكُمُ الْحَقُّ ۖ فَمَاذَا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا الضَّلَالُ (So, that is Allah, your Lord in truth. And what is there, after truth, but error?), that is, ` this is the Sacred Being whose attributes of perfection have just been mentioned. Once you have found the Truth, there remains nothing else to find except error and straying. In other words, once it stands proved that Allah Ta` ala is the only true and rightful object of worship, it is terribly senseless to abandon this truth and allow yourself to be diverted elsewhere. important note In relation to issues of religious beliefs embedded in this verse, it must be borne in mind that the statement: مَاذَا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا الضَّلَالُ (What is there, after truth, but error?) proves that there is no intermediary link between truth and error. What is not the truth will be included in error and straying. There can be no such thing that is neither truth nor error. And it is also not possible that two opposite things could be the truth. This is an established rule in the sight of the majority of scholars in the Muslim Ummah. However, difference exists among ` Ulama' regarding minor and subsidiary juristic issues. In the view of some of them, both sides would be considered as on truth in Ijtihad-based issues and, according to the majority of them, there is consensus on the view that the taking of contra-position in Ijtihad-based problems cannot be termed as error and straying.

(And of them) of the Jews (is he who believeth therein) he who believes in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, i.e. before his death, (and of them) of the Jews (is he who believeth not therein) does not believe in Muhammad (pbuh) or in the Qur'an and dies in a state of disbelief, (and your Lord is best aware of the corrupters) of the Jews, and of those who believe and those who do not believe; it is also said that this verse was revealed about the idolaters.