His wealth will not avail him nor what he has earned wa-kasab means wa-kasbihi that is to say his sons; mā aghnā means mā yughnī.
ما أغنى عنه ماله وولده، فلن يَرُدَّا عنه شيئًا من عذاب الله إذا نزل به.
قال ابن عباس وغيره "وما كسب" يعني ولده وروي عن عائشة ومجاهد وعطاء والحسن وابن سيرين مثله وذكر عن ابن مسعود أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما دعا قومه إلى الإيمان قال أبو لهب إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقا فإني أفتدي نفسي يوم القيامة من العذاب بمالي وولدي فأنزل الله تعالى "ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب".
وقوله - سبحانه - ( مَآ أغنى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ ) كلام مستأنف للانتقال من ذمه والدعاء عليه بالهلاك ، إلى بيان أن ماله وجاهه . . لن يغنى عنه من عذاب الله - تعالى - شيئا .أى : أن أبا لهب لن يغنى عنه ماله الكثير ، وكسبه الوفير من حطام الدنيا . . لن يغنى عنه شيئا من عذاب الله - تعالى - ، أو شيئا من انتشار رسالة الله - تعالى - فى الأرض ، فإن الله - سبحانه - ناصر نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم ومؤيده بروح منه .والتعبير بالماضى فى قوله : ( مَآ أغنى . . . ) لتحقيق وقوع عدم الإِغناء .والراجح أن " ما " الأولى نافية ، والثانية موصولة ، أى : ما أغنى عنه شيئا ماله الذى ورثه عن أبيه ، وأيضا ما أغنى عنه شيئا ماله الذى جمعه واكتسبه هو بنفسه عن طريق التجارة وغيرها .
وقوله: ( مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ )يقول تعالى ذكره: أيّ شيء أغنى عنه ماله, ودفع من سخط الله عليه ( وَمَا كَسَبَ ) وهم ولده. وبالذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل* ذكر من قال ذلك.حدثنا الحسن بن داود بن محمد بن المنكدر, قال: ثنا عبد الرزاق, عن معمر, عن ابن خيثم, عن أبي الطفيل, قال: جاء بنو أبي لهب إلى ابن عباس, فقاموا يختصمون في البيت, فقام ابن عباس, فحجز بينهم, وقد كُفّ بصره, فدفعه بعضهم حتى وقع على الفراش, فغضب وقال: أخرجوا عني الكسب الخبيث.حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا وكيع, عن أبي بكر الهذلي, عن محمد بن سفيان, عن رجل من بني مخزوم, عن ابن عباس أنه رأى يوما ولد أبي لهب يقتتلون, فجعل يحجز بينهم ويقول: هؤلاء مما كسب.حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن ليث, عن مجاهد ( مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ ) قال: ما كسب ولده.حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء, جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قول الله: ( وَمَا كَسَبَ ) قال: ولده هم من كسبه.حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا مهران, عن سفيان, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قول الله ( وَمَا كَسَبَ ) قال: ولده.
( ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب ) قال ابن مسعود : لما دعا رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أقرباءه إلى الله - عز وجل - قال أبو لهب : إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقا فإني أفتدي نفسي ومالي وولدي ، فأنزل الله تعالى :( ما أغنى عنه ماله ) أي ما يغني ، وقيل : أي شيء يغني عنه ماله ، أي : ما يدفع عنه عذاب الله ما جمع من المال ، وكان صاحب مواش ( وما كسب ) قيل : يعني ولده ، لأن ولد الإنسان من كسبه كما جاء في الحديث : " أطيب ما يأكل أحدكم من كسبه ، وإن ولده من كسبه "
مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ (2)استئناف ابتدائي للانتقال من إنشاء الشتم والتوبيخ إلى الإِعلام بأنه آيس من النجاة من هذا التبات ، ولا يغنيه ماله ، ولا كسبه ، أي لا يغني عنه ذلك في دفع شيء عنه في الآخرة .والتعبير بالماضي في قوله : { ما أغنى } لتحقيق وقوع عدم الإِغناء .و { ما } نافية ، ويجوز أن تكون استفهامية للتوبيخ والإِنكار .والمال : الممتلكات المتمولة ، وغلب عند العرب إطلاقه على الإِبل ، ومن كلام عمر : «لولاَ المال الذي أحمل عليه في سبيل الله» الخ في اتقاء دعوة المظلوم ، من «الموطأ» ، وقال زهير: ... صحيحات ماللٍ طالعات بمخرَموأهل المدينة وخيبر والبحرين يغلب عندهم على النخيل ، وقد تقدم عند قوله تعالى : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل } في سورة النساء ( 29 ) وفي مواضع .{ وما كسب } موصول وصلته والعائد محذوف جوازاً لأنه ضمير نصب ، والتقدير : وما كسبه ، أي ما جمعه . والمراد به : ما يملكه من غير النعَم من نقود وسلاح وربْع وعُروض وطعام ، ويجوز أن يراد بماله : جميع ماله ، ويكون عطف { وما كسب } من ذكر الخاص بعد العام للاهتمام به ، أي ما أغنى عنه ماله التالد وهو ما ورثه عن أبيه عبد المطلب وما كسبه هو بنفسه وهو طريفُه .وروي عن ابن مسعود أن أبا لهب قال : «إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقاً فأنا أفتدي نفسي يوم القيامة بمالي وولدي» فأنزل الله : { ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب } وقال ابن عباس : { ما كسب } هو ولده فإن الولد من كسب أبيه .
{ مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ } الذي كان عنده وأطغاه، ولا ما كسبه فلم يرد عنه شيئًا من عذاب الله إذ نزل به،
قوله تعالى : ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسبأي ما دفع عنه عذاب الله ما جمع من المال ، ولا ما كسب من جاه . وقال مجاهد : من الولد ؛ وولد الرجل من كسبه . وقرأ الأعمش ( وما اكتسب ) ورواه عن ابن مسعود . وقال أبو الطفيل : جاء بنو أبي لهب يختصمون عند ابن عباس ، فاقتتلوا ، فقام ليحجز بينهم ، فدفعه بعضهم ، فوقع على الفراش ، فغضب ابن عباس وقال : أخرجوا عني الكسب الخبيث ؛ يعني ولده . وعن عائشة - رضي الله عنها - أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : إن أطيب ما أكل الرجل من كسبه ، [ ص: 213 ] وإن ولده من كسبه . خرجه أبو داود . وقال ابن عباس : لما أنذر رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عشيرته بالنار ، قال أبو لهب : إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقا فإني أفدي نفسي بمالي وولدي ؛ فنزل : ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب . و ما في قوله : ما أغنى : يجوز أن تكون نفيا ، ويجوز أن تكون استفهاما ؛ أي أي شيء أغنى عنه ؟ و ما الثانية : يجوز أن تكون بمعنى الذي ، ويجوز أن تكون مع الفعل مصدرا ؛ أي ما أغنى عنه ماله وكسبه .
This chapter, containing five verses, was revealed at Makkah. This is the only passage in the Quran where an opponent of the Prophet is denounced by name. Abu Lahab, whose real name was Abdul Uzza, was a first cousin of the Prophet’s father. He was the only member of the Prophet’s clan who bitterly opposed him. Abu Lahab made it his business to torment the Prophet, and his wife took pleasure in strewing thorn bushes in the path the Prophet was expected to take. Consumed with grief on seeing many of the Quraysh leaders of the unbelievers killed at Badr, Abu Lahab died a week after Badr. Though this chapter refers, in the first instance, to a particular incident, it carries the general message that cruelty and haughtiness ultimately recoil upon oneself. Abu Lahab, the name of an actual person, has come to denote a particular kind of character. ‘Abu Lahab’ who was an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad has come to be a symbol of such an opponent of the call for Truth as will stoop in his hostility to meanness. Just as the Prophet had to face this character, similarly others of his followers (ummah) may have to face just such a character. However, if the dayee has become active for the sake of God in the real sense, then God’s help will be given to him. The inimical efforts of people like Abu Lahab will, by God’s grace, become ineffective and, in spite of all their means and resources, the antagonists will perish. They will themselves burn in the fire of their own jealousy and enmity. Their aim may have been to ensure that the call of God came to a miserable end, but the opponents themselves will be the ones to suffer that everlasting fate.
Name and Nickname of Abu Lahab
Abu Lahab [ Father of Flame ] was the Nickname of ` Abd-ul-` Uzza, one of the sons of ` Abdul-Muttalib. As he was ruddy in complexion, he was nicknamed Abu Lahab [ Father of Flame ]. The Qur'an did not mention his real name, because it smacked of paganism, and the last element 'lahab' [ Flame ] in the nickname has also nexus with the flame of Hell. This person was the inveterate enemy and persecutor of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، and violently opposed Islam. Whenever the Holy Prophet ﷺ invited the people to Islamic Faith, he would stand up and cry lie to his message. [ Ibn Kathir ]
Cause of Revelation
It is recorded in the two Sahihs that when the verse وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ (Warn your closest relatives - 26:214) was revealed, the Holy Prophet ﷺ ascended the mount Safa and cried out to the tribe of Quraish in a manner that was known among them for warning of an attack by the enemy. Some narratives maintain that he called the different Makkah clans by name, the clan of Banu ` Abd Munaf, Banu ` Abdul-Muttalib and others. All the clans of Quraish gathered around him, and he said to them: 'If I were to tell you that the enemy is about to attack you in the morning or in the evening, would you believe me?' They all unanimously replied in the affirmative. Then he said: 'Verily, I am a warner sent to you before the coming of a severe torment (as a result of disbelief or paganism). Abu Lahab then responded: تَبَاً لَکَ اَلِھٰذَا جَمَعتَنَا 'Ruin may seize you! Is it for this purpose that you have called us together?' and picked up a stone to hit him. Thus this Surah was revealed.
Verse [ 111:1] تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ (Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab, and perish he! ) The word yad literally means a 'hand'. Because hands play a very important role in all of human works and actions, often yad (hand) refers to the human person, as in the phrase ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاكَ (...All this is due to what your hands have sent forth...22:10). Baihaqi has recorded on the authority of Sayyidna Ibn 'Abbas ؓ that one day Abu Lahab said to the people that Muhammad says that such-and-such a thing will happen after death. Then, pointing to his hands, said that none of those things have come into these hands; then he addressed his hands and said: تَبّاً لکما ما اریٰ فیکما شیٔاً ممّا قال محمد (Perish you! I do not see any of the things Muhammad said in you.) Therefore, the Qur'an attributes his destruction to his hands.
The verb tabba is derived from tabab which means 'to perish'. In verse [ 11, the first sentence تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ (Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab) is in the form of a prayer invoking or imprecating destruction upon Abu Lahab, and the second sentence wa tabba is the declarative sentence prophesying the consequence of the invocation. The first sentence was invoked against him to satisfy the indignation of the Muslims, because when Abu Lahab imprecated destruction upon the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، it was the desire of the Muslims that imprecation be invoked against him. Allah thus fulfilled their desire, and also informed them that the invocation has taken effect and he perished. Seven days after the battle of Badr, he developed a terrible case of plague because of which people avoided him. They regarded the disease as infectious and were afraid that it might be transmitted by contact, so they forced him to live in an isolated house, and they did not come into contact with him at all. He at last died in this state. His dead body lay untouched in his house for three days. When his body began to rot giving out unbearable stench, people taunted his sons, and they hired laborers to take it away and bury it. They dug a pit in the ground, pushed his body into it with a stick and covered it with stones. [ Bayan-ul-Qur’ an from Ruh ].
Verse [ 111:2] مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ (Neither his wealth availed him, nor what he earned.) The phrase ma kasab [ what he earned ] could refer to the profits that accrued to him from investment of his wealth in business, and it could also imply 'children', for the children of a person are also referred to (in Arabic) as his earning. Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ reports that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
ان اطیب ما اکل الرّجل من کسبہ وان ولدہ من کسبہ
"The best and the purest thing a man eats is from his earnings and his children are part of his earnings".
This means that eating from the earnings of one's children is tantamount to eating from one's own earnings. [ Qurtubi ]
Therefore, Sayyidah ` A'ishah, Mujahid, 'Ata’, Ibn Sirin and others interpret ma kasab [ what he earned ] as referring to 'children'. Allah had granted Abu Lahab abundant wealth and many children, and these two factors led him to be ungrateful, and caused him to be proud and arrogant. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ says that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called his people to faith and warned them about the Divine punishment, Abu Lahab said: "Even if what my nephew says is true, I will save myself from the painful torment on the Day of Judgment with my wealth and my children." Thus Allah revealed verse [ 2] مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ that is, when the Divine torment seized him in this world, neither his wealth nor his children benefited him!
(His wealth) his abundant wealth (and gains) many children (will not exempt him) in the Hereafter.
His wealth will not avail him, nor what he has gained.[His wealth will not avail him,] in the Hereafter when he is brought to the Fire, nor what he has gained, that is, his sons, ʿUtba, ʿUtayba and Muʿtab.There is also another interpretation which is that the first Perish is like a supplication against him, while the second is describing the loss that will befall [him] according to that which has been pre-eternally destined [for him]. [This curse] is the response to Abū Lahab�s saying to the Prophet �May you perish!� when he gathered them together and invited them to the profession of God�s oneness, and warned them of the punishment with His words, And warn the nearest of your kinsfolk [26:214].His words, Exalted is He:
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and the Arrogance of Abu Lahab toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ
Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn `Abbas that the Prophet went out to the valley of Al-Batha and he ascended the mountain. Then he cried out,
«يَا صَبَاحَاه»
(O people, come at once!) So the Quraysh gathered around him. Then he said,
«أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ حَدَّثْتُكُمْ أَنَّ الْعَدُوَّ مُصَبِّحُكُمْ، أَوْ مُمَسِّيكُمْ أَكُنْتُمْ تُصَدِّقُونِّي»
؟ (If I told you all that the enemy was going to attack you in the morning, or in the evening, would you all believe me) They replied, "Yes." Then he said,
«فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيد»
(Verily, I am a warner (sent) to you all before the coming of a severe torment.) Then Abu Lahab said, "Have you gathered us for this May you perish!" Thus, Allah revealed,
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ
(Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) to the end of the Surah. In another narration it states that he stood up dusting of his hands and said, "Perish you for the rest of this day! Have you gathered us for this" Then Allah revealed,
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ
(Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) The first part is a supplication against him and the second is information about him. This man Abu Lahab was one of the uncles of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.His name was `Abdul-`Uzza bin Abdul-Muttalib. His surname was Abu `Utaybah and he was only called Abu Lahab because of the brightness of his face. He used to often cause harm to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He hated and scorned him and his religion. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Az-Zinad that a man called Rabi`ah bin `Abbad from the tribe of Bani Ad-Dil, who was a man of pre-Islamic ignorance who accepted Islam, said to him, "I saw the Prophet in the time of pre-Islamic ignorance in the market of Dhul-Majaz and he was saying,
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قُولُوا: لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللهُ تُفْلِحُوا»
(O people! Say there is no god worthy of worship except Allah and you will be successful.) The people were gathered around him and behind him there was a man with a bright face, squint (or cross) eyes and two braids in his hair. He was saying, "Verily, he is an apostate (from our religion) and a liar!" This man was following him (the Prophet ) around wherever he went. So, I asked who was he and they (the people) said, "This is his uncle, Abu Lahab." Ahmad also recorded this narration from Surayj, who reported it from Ibn Abu Az-Zinad, who reported it from his father (Abu Zinad) who mentioned this same narration. However in this report, Abu Zinad said, "I said to Rabi`ah, `Were you a child at that time' He replied, `No. By Allah, that day I was most intelligent, and I was the strongest blower of the flute (for music)."' Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith. Concerning Allah's statement,
مَآ أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ
(His wealth and his children (Kasab) will not benefit him!) Ibn `Abbas and others have said,
وَمَا كَسَبَ
(and his children (Kasab) will not benefit him!) "Kasab means his children." A similar statement has been reported from `A'ishah, Mujahid, `Ata', Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin. It has been mentioned from Ibn Mas`ud that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called his people to faith, Abu Lahab said, "Even if what my nephew says is true, I will ransom myself (i.e., save myself) from the painful torment on the Day of Judgement with my wealth and my children." Thus, Allah revealed,
مَآ أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ
(His wealth and his children will not benefit him!) Then Allah says,
سَيَصْلَى نَاراً ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ
(He will enter a Fire full of flames!) meaning, it has flames, evil and severe burning.
The Destiny of Umm Jamil, the Wife of Abu Lahab
وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ
(And his wife too, who carries wood.) His wife was among the leading women of the Quraysh and she was known as Umm Jamil. Her name was `Arwah bint Harb bin Umayyah and she was the sister of Abu Sufyan. She was supportive of her husband in his disbelief, rejection and obstinacy. Therefore, she will be helping to administer his punishment in the fire of Hell on the Day of Judgement. Thus, Allah says,
وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ - فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍ
(Who carries wood. In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) meaning, she will carry the firewood and throw it upon her husband to increase that which he is in (of torment), and she will be ready and prepared to do so.
فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍ
(In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) Mujahid and `Urwah both said, "From the palm fiber of the Fire." Al-`Awfi narrated from Ibn `Abbas, `Atiyah Al-Jadali, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd that she used to place thorns in the path of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Jawhari said, "Al-Masad refers to fibers, it is also a rope made from fibers or palm leaves. It is also made from the skins of camels or their furs. It is said (in Arabic) Masadtul-Habla and Amsaduhu Masadan, when you tightly fasten its twine." Mujahid said,
فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍ
(In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) "This means a collar of iron." Don't you see that the Arabs call a pulley cable a Masad
A Story of Abu Lahab's Wife harming the Messenger of Allah ﷺ
Ibn Abi Hatim said that his father and Abu Zur`ah both said that `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr Al-Humaydi told them that Sufyan informed them that Al-Walid bin Kathir related from Ibn Tadrus who reported that Asma' bint Abi Bakr said, "When
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ
(Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he)!) was revealed, the one-eyed Umm Jamil bint Harb came out wailing, and she had a stone in her hand. She was saying, `He criticizes our father, and his religion is our scorn, and his command is to disobey us.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting in the Masjid (of the Ka`bah) and Abu Bakr was with him. When Abu Bakr saw her he said, `O Messenger of Allah! She is coming and I fear that she will see you.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied,
«إِنَّهَا لَنْ تَرَانِي»
(Verily, she will not see me.) Then he recited some of the Qur'an as a protection for himself. This is as Allah says,
وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرءَانَ جَعَلْنَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالاٌّخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَّسْتُورًا
(And when you recite the Qur'an, We put between you and those who believe not in the Hereafter, an invisible veil.) (17:45) So she advanced until she was standing in front of Abu Bakr and she did not see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . She then said, `O Abu Bakr! Verily, I have been informed that your friend is making defamatory poetry about me.' Abu Bakr replied, `Nay! By the Lord of this House (the Ka`bah) he is not defaming you.' So she turned away saying, `Indeed the Quraysh know that I am the daughter of their leader."' Al-Walid or another person said in a different version of this Hadith, "So Umm Jamil stumbled over her waist gown while she was making circuits (Tawaf) around the House (the Ka`bah) and she said, `Cursed be the reviler.' Then Umm Hakim bint `Abdul-Muttalib said, `I am a chaste woman so I will not speak abusively and I am refined so I do not know. Both of us are children of the same uncle. And after all the Quraysh know best." This is the end of the Tafsir of this Surah, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.
His wealth will not avail him nor what he has earned wa-kasab means wa-kasbihi that is to say his sons; mā aghnā means mā yughnī.
ما أغنى عنه ماله وولده، فلن يَرُدَّا عنه شيئًا من عذاب الله إذا نزل به.
قال ابن عباس وغيره "وما كسب" يعني ولده وروي عن عائشة ومجاهد وعطاء والحسن وابن سيرين مثله وذكر عن ابن مسعود أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما دعا قومه إلى الإيمان قال أبو لهب إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقا فإني أفتدي نفسي يوم القيامة من العذاب بمالي وولدي فأنزل الله تعالى "ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب".
وقوله - سبحانه - ( مَآ أغنى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ ) كلام مستأنف للانتقال من ذمه والدعاء عليه بالهلاك ، إلى بيان أن ماله وجاهه . . لن يغنى عنه من عذاب الله - تعالى - شيئا .أى : أن أبا لهب لن يغنى عنه ماله الكثير ، وكسبه الوفير من حطام الدنيا . . لن يغنى عنه شيئا من عذاب الله - تعالى - ، أو شيئا من انتشار رسالة الله - تعالى - فى الأرض ، فإن الله - سبحانه - ناصر نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم ومؤيده بروح منه .والتعبير بالماضى فى قوله : ( مَآ أغنى . . . ) لتحقيق وقوع عدم الإِغناء .والراجح أن " ما " الأولى نافية ، والثانية موصولة ، أى : ما أغنى عنه شيئا ماله الذى ورثه عن أبيه ، وأيضا ما أغنى عنه شيئا ماله الذى جمعه واكتسبه هو بنفسه عن طريق التجارة وغيرها .
وقوله: ( مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ )يقول تعالى ذكره: أيّ شيء أغنى عنه ماله, ودفع من سخط الله عليه ( وَمَا كَسَبَ ) وهم ولده. وبالذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل* ذكر من قال ذلك.حدثنا الحسن بن داود بن محمد بن المنكدر, قال: ثنا عبد الرزاق, عن معمر, عن ابن خيثم, عن أبي الطفيل, قال: جاء بنو أبي لهب إلى ابن عباس, فقاموا يختصمون في البيت, فقام ابن عباس, فحجز بينهم, وقد كُفّ بصره, فدفعه بعضهم حتى وقع على الفراش, فغضب وقال: أخرجوا عني الكسب الخبيث.حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا وكيع, عن أبي بكر الهذلي, عن محمد بن سفيان, عن رجل من بني مخزوم, عن ابن عباس أنه رأى يوما ولد أبي لهب يقتتلون, فجعل يحجز بينهم ويقول: هؤلاء مما كسب.حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن ليث, عن مجاهد ( مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ ) قال: ما كسب ولده.حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء, جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قول الله: ( وَمَا كَسَبَ ) قال: ولده هم من كسبه.حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا مهران, عن سفيان, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قول الله ( وَمَا كَسَبَ ) قال: ولده.
( ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب ) قال ابن مسعود : لما دعا رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أقرباءه إلى الله - عز وجل - قال أبو لهب : إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقا فإني أفتدي نفسي ومالي وولدي ، فأنزل الله تعالى :( ما أغنى عنه ماله ) أي ما يغني ، وقيل : أي شيء يغني عنه ماله ، أي : ما يدفع عنه عذاب الله ما جمع من المال ، وكان صاحب مواش ( وما كسب ) قيل : يعني ولده ، لأن ولد الإنسان من كسبه كما جاء في الحديث : " أطيب ما يأكل أحدكم من كسبه ، وإن ولده من كسبه "
مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ (2)استئناف ابتدائي للانتقال من إنشاء الشتم والتوبيخ إلى الإِعلام بأنه آيس من النجاة من هذا التبات ، ولا يغنيه ماله ، ولا كسبه ، أي لا يغني عنه ذلك في دفع شيء عنه في الآخرة .والتعبير بالماضي في قوله : { ما أغنى } لتحقيق وقوع عدم الإِغناء .و { ما } نافية ، ويجوز أن تكون استفهامية للتوبيخ والإِنكار .والمال : الممتلكات المتمولة ، وغلب عند العرب إطلاقه على الإِبل ، ومن كلام عمر : «لولاَ المال الذي أحمل عليه في سبيل الله» الخ في اتقاء دعوة المظلوم ، من «الموطأ» ، وقال زهير: ... صحيحات ماللٍ طالعات بمخرَموأهل المدينة وخيبر والبحرين يغلب عندهم على النخيل ، وقد تقدم عند قوله تعالى : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل } في سورة النساء ( 29 ) وفي مواضع .{ وما كسب } موصول وصلته والعائد محذوف جوازاً لأنه ضمير نصب ، والتقدير : وما كسبه ، أي ما جمعه . والمراد به : ما يملكه من غير النعَم من نقود وسلاح وربْع وعُروض وطعام ، ويجوز أن يراد بماله : جميع ماله ، ويكون عطف { وما كسب } من ذكر الخاص بعد العام للاهتمام به ، أي ما أغنى عنه ماله التالد وهو ما ورثه عن أبيه عبد المطلب وما كسبه هو بنفسه وهو طريفُه .وروي عن ابن مسعود أن أبا لهب قال : «إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقاً فأنا أفتدي نفسي يوم القيامة بمالي وولدي» فأنزل الله : { ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب } وقال ابن عباس : { ما كسب } هو ولده فإن الولد من كسب أبيه .
{ مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ } الذي كان عنده وأطغاه، ولا ما كسبه فلم يرد عنه شيئًا من عذاب الله إذ نزل به،
قوله تعالى : ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسبأي ما دفع عنه عذاب الله ما جمع من المال ، ولا ما كسب من جاه . وقال مجاهد : من الولد ؛ وولد الرجل من كسبه . وقرأ الأعمش ( وما اكتسب ) ورواه عن ابن مسعود . وقال أبو الطفيل : جاء بنو أبي لهب يختصمون عند ابن عباس ، فاقتتلوا ، فقام ليحجز بينهم ، فدفعه بعضهم ، فوقع على الفراش ، فغضب ابن عباس وقال : أخرجوا عني الكسب الخبيث ؛ يعني ولده . وعن عائشة - رضي الله عنها - أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : إن أطيب ما أكل الرجل من كسبه ، [ ص: 213 ] وإن ولده من كسبه . خرجه أبو داود . وقال ابن عباس : لما أنذر رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عشيرته بالنار ، قال أبو لهب : إن كان ما يقول ابن أخي حقا فإني أفدي نفسي بمالي وولدي ؛ فنزل : ما أغنى عنه ماله وما كسب . و ما في قوله : ما أغنى : يجوز أن تكون نفيا ، ويجوز أن تكون استفهاما ؛ أي أي شيء أغنى عنه ؟ و ما الثانية : يجوز أن تكون بمعنى الذي ، ويجوز أن تكون مع الفعل مصدرا ؛ أي ما أغنى عنه ماله وكسبه .
This chapter, containing five verses, was revealed at Makkah. This is the only passage in the Quran where an opponent of the Prophet is denounced by name. Abu Lahab, whose real name was Abdul Uzza, was a first cousin of the Prophet’s father. He was the only member of the Prophet’s clan who bitterly opposed him. Abu Lahab made it his business to torment the Prophet, and his wife took pleasure in strewing thorn bushes in the path the Prophet was expected to take. Consumed with grief on seeing many of the Quraysh leaders of the unbelievers killed at Badr, Abu Lahab died a week after Badr. Though this chapter refers, in the first instance, to a particular incident, it carries the general message that cruelty and haughtiness ultimately recoil upon oneself. Abu Lahab, the name of an actual person, has come to denote a particular kind of character. ‘Abu Lahab’ who was an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad has come to be a symbol of such an opponent of the call for Truth as will stoop in his hostility to meanness. Just as the Prophet had to face this character, similarly others of his followers (ummah) may have to face just such a character. However, if the dayee has become active for the sake of God in the real sense, then God’s help will be given to him. The inimical efforts of people like Abu Lahab will, by God’s grace, become ineffective and, in spite of all their means and resources, the antagonists will perish. They will themselves burn in the fire of their own jealousy and enmity. Their aim may have been to ensure that the call of God came to a miserable end, but the opponents themselves will be the ones to suffer that everlasting fate.
Name and Nickname of Abu Lahab
Abu Lahab [ Father of Flame ] was the Nickname of ` Abd-ul-` Uzza, one of the sons of ` Abdul-Muttalib. As he was ruddy in complexion, he was nicknamed Abu Lahab [ Father of Flame ]. The Qur'an did not mention his real name, because it smacked of paganism, and the last element 'lahab' [ Flame ] in the nickname has also nexus with the flame of Hell. This person was the inveterate enemy and persecutor of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، and violently opposed Islam. Whenever the Holy Prophet ﷺ invited the people to Islamic Faith, he would stand up and cry lie to his message. [ Ibn Kathir ]
Cause of Revelation
It is recorded in the two Sahihs that when the verse وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ (Warn your closest relatives - 26:214) was revealed, the Holy Prophet ﷺ ascended the mount Safa and cried out to the tribe of Quraish in a manner that was known among them for warning of an attack by the enemy. Some narratives maintain that he called the different Makkah clans by name, the clan of Banu ` Abd Munaf, Banu ` Abdul-Muttalib and others. All the clans of Quraish gathered around him, and he said to them: 'If I were to tell you that the enemy is about to attack you in the morning or in the evening, would you believe me?' They all unanimously replied in the affirmative. Then he said: 'Verily, I am a warner sent to you before the coming of a severe torment (as a result of disbelief or paganism). Abu Lahab then responded: تَبَاً لَکَ اَلِھٰذَا جَمَعتَنَا 'Ruin may seize you! Is it for this purpose that you have called us together?' and picked up a stone to hit him. Thus this Surah was revealed.
Verse [ 111:1] تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ (Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab, and perish he! ) The word yad literally means a 'hand'. Because hands play a very important role in all of human works and actions, often yad (hand) refers to the human person, as in the phrase ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاكَ (...All this is due to what your hands have sent forth...22:10). Baihaqi has recorded on the authority of Sayyidna Ibn 'Abbas ؓ that one day Abu Lahab said to the people that Muhammad says that such-and-such a thing will happen after death. Then, pointing to his hands, said that none of those things have come into these hands; then he addressed his hands and said: تَبّاً لکما ما اریٰ فیکما شیٔاً ممّا قال محمد (Perish you! I do not see any of the things Muhammad said in you.) Therefore, the Qur'an attributes his destruction to his hands.
The verb tabba is derived from tabab which means 'to perish'. In verse [ 11, the first sentence تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ (Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab) is in the form of a prayer invoking or imprecating destruction upon Abu Lahab, and the second sentence wa tabba is the declarative sentence prophesying the consequence of the invocation. The first sentence was invoked against him to satisfy the indignation of the Muslims, because when Abu Lahab imprecated destruction upon the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، it was the desire of the Muslims that imprecation be invoked against him. Allah thus fulfilled their desire, and also informed them that the invocation has taken effect and he perished. Seven days after the battle of Badr, he developed a terrible case of plague because of which people avoided him. They regarded the disease as infectious and were afraid that it might be transmitted by contact, so they forced him to live in an isolated house, and they did not come into contact with him at all. He at last died in this state. His dead body lay untouched in his house for three days. When his body began to rot giving out unbearable stench, people taunted his sons, and they hired laborers to take it away and bury it. They dug a pit in the ground, pushed his body into it with a stick and covered it with stones. [ Bayan-ul-Qur’ an from Ruh ].
Verse [ 111:2] مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ (Neither his wealth availed him, nor what he earned.) The phrase ma kasab [ what he earned ] could refer to the profits that accrued to him from investment of his wealth in business, and it could also imply 'children', for the children of a person are also referred to (in Arabic) as his earning. Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ reports that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
ان اطیب ما اکل الرّجل من کسبہ وان ولدہ من کسبہ
"The best and the purest thing a man eats is from his earnings and his children are part of his earnings".
This means that eating from the earnings of one's children is tantamount to eating from one's own earnings. [ Qurtubi ]
Therefore, Sayyidah ` A'ishah, Mujahid, 'Ata’, Ibn Sirin and others interpret ma kasab [ what he earned ] as referring to 'children'. Allah had granted Abu Lahab abundant wealth and many children, and these two factors led him to be ungrateful, and caused him to be proud and arrogant. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ says that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called his people to faith and warned them about the Divine punishment, Abu Lahab said: "Even if what my nephew says is true, I will save myself from the painful torment on the Day of Judgment with my wealth and my children." Thus Allah revealed verse [ 2] مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ that is, when the Divine torment seized him in this world, neither his wealth nor his children benefited him!
(His wealth) his abundant wealth (and gains) many children (will not exempt him) in the Hereafter.
His wealth will not avail him, nor what he has gained.[His wealth will not avail him,] in the Hereafter when he is brought to the Fire, nor what he has gained, that is, his sons, ʿUtba, ʿUtayba and Muʿtab.There is also another interpretation which is that the first Perish is like a supplication against him, while the second is describing the loss that will befall [him] according to that which has been pre-eternally destined [for him]. [This curse] is the response to Abū Lahab�s saying to the Prophet �May you perish!� when he gathered them together and invited them to the profession of God�s oneness, and warned them of the punishment with His words, And warn the nearest of your kinsfolk [26:214].His words, Exalted is He:
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and the Arrogance of Abu Lahab toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ
Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn `Abbas that the Prophet went out to the valley of Al-Batha and he ascended the mountain. Then he cried out,
«يَا صَبَاحَاه»
(O people, come at once!) So the Quraysh gathered around him. Then he said,
«أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ حَدَّثْتُكُمْ أَنَّ الْعَدُوَّ مُصَبِّحُكُمْ، أَوْ مُمَسِّيكُمْ أَكُنْتُمْ تُصَدِّقُونِّي»
؟ (If I told you all that the enemy was going to attack you in the morning, or in the evening, would you all believe me) They replied, "Yes." Then he said,
«فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيد»
(Verily, I am a warner (sent) to you all before the coming of a severe torment.) Then Abu Lahab said, "Have you gathered us for this May you perish!" Thus, Allah revealed,
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ
(Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) to the end of the Surah. In another narration it states that he stood up dusting of his hands and said, "Perish you for the rest of this day! Have you gathered us for this" Then Allah revealed,
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ
(Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) The first part is a supplication against him and the second is information about him. This man Abu Lahab was one of the uncles of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.His name was `Abdul-`Uzza bin Abdul-Muttalib. His surname was Abu `Utaybah and he was only called Abu Lahab because of the brightness of his face. He used to often cause harm to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He hated and scorned him and his religion. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Az-Zinad that a man called Rabi`ah bin `Abbad from the tribe of Bani Ad-Dil, who was a man of pre-Islamic ignorance who accepted Islam, said to him, "I saw the Prophet in the time of pre-Islamic ignorance in the market of Dhul-Majaz and he was saying,
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قُولُوا: لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللهُ تُفْلِحُوا»
(O people! Say there is no god worthy of worship except Allah and you will be successful.) The people were gathered around him and behind him there was a man with a bright face, squint (or cross) eyes and two braids in his hair. He was saying, "Verily, he is an apostate (from our religion) and a liar!" This man was following him (the Prophet ) around wherever he went. So, I asked who was he and they (the people) said, "This is his uncle, Abu Lahab." Ahmad also recorded this narration from Surayj, who reported it from Ibn Abu Az-Zinad, who reported it from his father (Abu Zinad) who mentioned this same narration. However in this report, Abu Zinad said, "I said to Rabi`ah, `Were you a child at that time' He replied, `No. By Allah, that day I was most intelligent, and I was the strongest blower of the flute (for music)."' Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith. Concerning Allah's statement,
مَآ أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ
(His wealth and his children (Kasab) will not benefit him!) Ibn `Abbas and others have said,
وَمَا كَسَبَ
(and his children (Kasab) will not benefit him!) "Kasab means his children." A similar statement has been reported from `A'ishah, Mujahid, `Ata', Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin. It has been mentioned from Ibn Mas`ud that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called his people to faith, Abu Lahab said, "Even if what my nephew says is true, I will ransom myself (i.e., save myself) from the painful torment on the Day of Judgement with my wealth and my children." Thus, Allah revealed,
مَآ أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ
(His wealth and his children will not benefit him!) Then Allah says,
سَيَصْلَى نَاراً ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ
(He will enter a Fire full of flames!) meaning, it has flames, evil and severe burning.
The Destiny of Umm Jamil, the Wife of Abu Lahab
وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ
(And his wife too, who carries wood.) His wife was among the leading women of the Quraysh and she was known as Umm Jamil. Her name was `Arwah bint Harb bin Umayyah and she was the sister of Abu Sufyan. She was supportive of her husband in his disbelief, rejection and obstinacy. Therefore, she will be helping to administer his punishment in the fire of Hell on the Day of Judgement. Thus, Allah says,
وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ - فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍ
(Who carries wood. In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) meaning, she will carry the firewood and throw it upon her husband to increase that which he is in (of torment), and she will be ready and prepared to do so.
فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍ
(In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) Mujahid and `Urwah both said, "From the palm fiber of the Fire." Al-`Awfi narrated from Ibn `Abbas, `Atiyah Al-Jadali, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd that she used to place thorns in the path of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Jawhari said, "Al-Masad refers to fibers, it is also a rope made from fibers or palm leaves. It is also made from the skins of camels or their furs. It is said (in Arabic) Masadtul-Habla and Amsaduhu Masadan, when you tightly fasten its twine." Mujahid said,
فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍ
(In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) "This means a collar of iron." Don't you see that the Arabs call a pulley cable a Masad
A Story of Abu Lahab's Wife harming the Messenger of Allah ﷺ
Ibn Abi Hatim said that his father and Abu Zur`ah both said that `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr Al-Humaydi told them that Sufyan informed them that Al-Walid bin Kathir related from Ibn Tadrus who reported that Asma' bint Abi Bakr said, "When
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ
(Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he)!) was revealed, the one-eyed Umm Jamil bint Harb came out wailing, and she had a stone in her hand. She was saying, `He criticizes our father, and his religion is our scorn, and his command is to disobey us.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting in the Masjid (of the Ka`bah) and Abu Bakr was with him. When Abu Bakr saw her he said, `O Messenger of Allah! She is coming and I fear that she will see you.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied,
«إِنَّهَا لَنْ تَرَانِي»
(Verily, she will not see me.) Then he recited some of the Qur'an as a protection for himself. This is as Allah says,
وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرءَانَ جَعَلْنَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالاٌّخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَّسْتُورًا
(And when you recite the Qur'an, We put between you and those who believe not in the Hereafter, an invisible veil.) (17:45) So she advanced until she was standing in front of Abu Bakr and she did not see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . She then said, `O Abu Bakr! Verily, I have been informed that your friend is making defamatory poetry about me.' Abu Bakr replied, `Nay! By the Lord of this House (the Ka`bah) he is not defaming you.' So she turned away saying, `Indeed the Quraysh know that I am the daughter of their leader."' Al-Walid or another person said in a different version of this Hadith, "So Umm Jamil stumbled over her waist gown while she was making circuits (Tawaf) around the House (the Ka`bah) and she said, `Cursed be the reviler.' Then Umm Hakim bint `Abdul-Muttalib said, `I am a chaste woman so I will not speak abusively and I am refined so I do not know. Both of us are children of the same uncle. And after all the Quraysh know best." This is the end of the Tafsir of this Surah, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.