Muhammad's ﷺ Prophecy is a Great Bounty from Allah
Allah reminds His believing servants with what He has endowed them with by sending Muhammad ﷺ as a Messenger to them, reciting to them Allah's clear Ayat and purifying and cleansing them from the worst types of behavior, the ills of the souls and the acts of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era). The Messenger also takes them away from the darkness (of disbelief) to the light (of faith) and teaches them the Book, the Qur'an, and the Hikmah (i.e., the wisdom), which is his Sunnah. He also teaches them what they knew not. During the time of Jahiliyyah, they used to utter foolish statements. Later on, and with the blessing of the Prophet's Message and the goodness of his prophecy, they were elevated to the status of the Awliya' (loyal friends of Allah) and the rank of the scholars. Hence, they acquired the deepest knowledge among the people, the most pious hearts, and the most truthful tongues. Allah said:
لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ
(Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on the believers when He sent among them a Messenger (Muhammad ) from among themselves, reciting unto them His verses (the Qur'an), and purifying them (from sins).) (3:164)
Allah also criticized those who did not give this bounty its due consideration, when He said:
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ
(Have you not seen those who have changed the favors of Allah into disbelief (by denying Prophet Muhammad ) and his Message of Islam), and caused their people to dwell in the house of destruction) (14:28)
Ibn `Abbas commented, "Allah's favor means Muhammad." Therefore, Allah has commanded the believers to affirm this favor and to appreciate it by thanking and remembering Him:
فَاذْكُرُونِى أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُواْ لِي وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ
(Therefore, remember Me. I will remember you, and be grateful to Me, and never be ungrateful to Me.)
Mujahid said that Allah's statement:
كَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْكُمْ
(Similarly (to complete My favor on you), We have sent among you a Messenger (Muhammad ) of your own,)
means: Therefore, remember Me in gratitude to My favor.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented about Allah's statement:
فَاذْكُرُونِى أَذْكُرْكُمْ
(Therefore remember Me. I will remember you), "Remember Me regarding what I have commanded you and I will remember you regarding what I have compelled Myself to do for your benefit (i.e., His rewards and forgiveness)."
An authentic Hadith states:
«يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي نَفْسِهِ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي نَفْسِي وَمَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي مَلَأٍ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي مَلَأٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْه»
(Allah the Exalted said, `Whoever mentions Me to himself, then I will mention him to Myself; and whoever mentions Me in a gathering, I will mention him in a better gathering.)'
Imam Ahmad reported that Anas narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
«قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، إِنْ ذَكَرْتَنِي فِي نَفْسِكَ ذَكَرْتُك فِي نَفْسِي، إِنْ ذَكَرْتَنِي فِي مَلَإٍ ذكَرْتُكَ فِي مَلَإٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَوْ قَالَ: فِي مَلَإٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ دَنَوْتَ مِنِّي شِبْرًا دَنَوْتُ مِنْكَ ذِرَاعًا، وَإِنْ دَنَوْتَ مِنِّي ذِرَاعًا دَنَوْتُ مِنْكَ بَاعًا، وَإنْ أَتَيْتَنِي تَمْشِي أَتَيْتُكَ هَرْوَلَة»
(Allah the Exalted said, `O son of Adam! If you mention Me to yourself, I will mention you to Myself. If you mention Me in a gathering, I will mention you in a gathering of the angels (or said in a better gathering). If you draw closer to Me by a hand span, I will draw closer to you by forearm's length. If you draw closer to Me by a forearm's length, I will draw closer to you by an arm's length. And if you come to Me walking, I will come to you running).
Its chain is Sahih, it was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Allah said:
وَاشْكُرُواْ لِي وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ
(...and be grateful to Me (for My countless favors on you) and never be ungrateful to Me.)
In this Ayah, Allah commands that He be thanked and appreciated, and promises even more rewards for thanking Him. Allah said in another Ayah:
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِن شَكَرْتُمْ لأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِن كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِى لَشَدِيدٌ
(And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed: "If you give thanks (by accepting faith and worshipping none but Allah), I will give you more (of My blessings); but if you are thankless (i.e., disbelievers), verily, My punishment is indeed severe.)
Abu Raja' Al-`Utaridi said: `Imran bin Husayn came by us once wearing a nice silken garment that we never saw him wear before or afterwards. He said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
«مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ نِعْمَةً فَإِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَرَى أَثَرَ نِعْمَتِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِه»
، وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ مَرَّةً:
«عَلَى عَبْدِه»
(Those whom Allah has favored with a bounty, then Allah likes to see the effect of His bounty on His creation), or he said, "on His servant" - according to Ruh (one of the narrators of the Hadith).
So remember Me through prayer glorification and the like I will remember you this is said to mean ‘I will reward you’; in a hadīth about God that He says ‘whoever remembers Me in himself I will remember him in Myself and whoever remembers Me in an assembly I will remember him in an Assembly more excellent than his’; and be thankful to Me for My grace by being obedient and be not ungrateful towards Me through disobedience.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself. If you pass into the spirit, you will gain dignity. If one day you pass by the street of the Haqiqah and remember Him in your secret core, you will see “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what has never passed into the heart of any mortal.” Just once pass by Our street and gaze on Our subtle artisanry. If you want roses, pass into the spirit and make the heart aware of union with Us. It is written in one of God's scriptures, “'My servant! You will remember Me when you have tried out the others. I am better for you than anyone else.' My servant, when you have seen and tested others, then you will know My worth and recognize My rightful due. In other words, once you have seen their lack of loving kindness and you have grasped My loving kindness and loyalty, then you will know that I am more lovingly kind to you than anyone else and I am more useful. “'My servant, did I not remember you before you remembered Me?' My servant, one mark of My loving kindness is that I remembered you first, then you remembered Me. “'Did I not love you before you loved Me?' First, I wanted you, then you wanted Me. “'My servant, have you turned away from Me and toward another because you are ashamed to face Me? Where are you going? My door is open, My gifts are bestowed on you.'” This is as someone said: You have all your brightness from Me, you wander around, then you come back to Me. By the exaltation of the Exalted! If you take one step in His path, a thousand generosities will reach you from Him. “From you a little service, from Him much blessing! From you a bit of obe- dience, from Him great mercy!” The Prophet alluded to this in recounting from God: “When someone remembers Me in him- self, I remember him in Myself; and when someone remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than his. When someone comes near to Me by a span, I come near to him by a cubit, and when someone comes to Me walking, I come to him rushing.” And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. It has been said that “I was grateful for Him” is gratitude at seeing blessings and in respect of activity.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself. If you pass into the spirit, you will gain dignity. If one day you pass by the street of the Haqiqah and remember Him in your secret core, you will see “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what has never passed into the heart of any mortal.” Just once pass by Our street and gaze on Our subtle artisanry. If you want roses, pass into the spirit and make the heart aware of union with Us. It is written in one of God's scriptures, “'My servant! You will remember Me when you have tried out the others. I am better for you than anyone else.' My servant, when you have seen and tested others, then you will know My worth and recognize My rightful due. In other words, once you have seen their lack of loving kindness and you have grasped My loving kindness and loyalty, then you will know that I am more lovingly kind to you than anyone else and I am more useful. “'My servant, did I not remember you before you remembered Me?' My servant, one mark of My loving kindness is that I remembered you first, then you remembered Me. “'Did I not love you before you loved Me?' First, I wanted you, then you wanted Me. “'My servant, have you turned away from Me and toward another because you are ashamed to face Me? Where are you going? My door is open, My gifts are bestowed on you.'” This is as someone said: You have all your brightness from Me, you wander around, then you come back to Me. By the exaltation of the Exalted! If you take one step in His path, a thousand generosities will reach you from Him. “From you a little service, from Him much blessing! From you a bit of obe- dience, from Him great mercy!” The Prophet alluded to this in recounting from God: “When someone remembers Me in him- self, I remember him in Myself; and when someone remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than his. When someone comes near to Me by a span, I come near to him by a cubit, and when someone comes to Me walking, I come to him rushing.” And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. It has been said that “I was grateful for Him” is gratitude at seeing blessings and in respect of activity.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me.This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden.This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, �My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.�This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, �I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.�In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us.*I wonder at him who says, �I remember my Lord.� Should I forget, then remember what I forgot?That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, �O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself.�O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?�O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark?You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself.
أمر تعالى المؤمنين بذكره، ووعد عليه أفضل الجزاء، وهو الثناء في الملأ الأعلى على مَنْ ذكره، وخصوني -أيها المؤمنون- بالشكر قولا وعملا ولا تجحدوا نعمي عليكم.
قال مجاهد في قوله "كما أرسلنا فيكم رسولا منكم" يقول كما فعلت فاذكروني قال عبدالله بن وهب عن هشام بن سعيد عن زيد بن أسلم أن موسى عليه السلام قال يا رب كيف أشكرك؟ قال له ربه: تذكرني ولا تنساني فإذا ذكرتني فقد شكرتني وإذا نسيتني فقد كفرتني قال الحسن البصري وأبو العالية والسدي والربيع بن أنس إن الله يذكر من ذكره ويزيد من شكره ويعذب من كفره وقال بعض السلف في قوله تعالى "اتقوا الله حق تقاته" قال هو أن يطاع فلا يعصى ويذكر فلا ينسى ويشكر فلا يكفر وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن الصباح أخبرنا يزيد بن هرون أخبرنا عمارة الصيدلاني أخبرنا مكحول الأزدي قال: قلت لابن عمر أرأيت قاتل النفس وشارب الخمر والسارق والزاني يذكر الله وقد قال الله تعالى "فاذكروني أذكركم" قال إذا ذكر الله هذا ذكره الله بلعنته حتى يسكت وقال الحسن البصري في قوله "فاذكروني أذكركم" قال اذكروني فيما أوجبت لكم على نفسي وعن سعيد بن جبير اذكروني بطاعتي أذكركم بمغفرتي وفي رواية برحمتي وعن ابن عباس في قوله اذكروني أذكركم قال ذكر الله إياكم أكبر من ذكركم إياه وفي الحديث الصحيح "يقول الله تعالى من ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي ومن ذكرني في ملإ ذكرته في ملإ خير منه" قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبد الرزاق أخبرنا عن قتادة عن أنس قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "قال الله عز وجل يا ابن آدم إن ذكرتني في نفسك ذكرتك في نفسي وإن ذكرتني في ملإ ذكرتك في ملإ من الملائكة - أو قال في ملإ خير منه - وإن دنوت مني شبرا دنوت منك ذراعا وإن دنوت مني ذراعا دنوت منك باعا وإن أتيتني تمشي أتيتك هرولة" صحيح الإسناد أخرجه البخاري من حديث قتادة وعنده قال قتادة الله أقرب بالرحمة: وقوله "واشكروا لي ولا تكفرون" أمر الله تعالى بشكره ووعد على شكره بمزيد الخير فقال "وإذ تأذن ربكم لئن شكرتم لأزيدنكم ولئن كفرتم إن عذابي لشديد" وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا روح حدثنا شعبة عن الفضيل بن فضالة - رجل من قيس - حدثنا أبو رجاء العطاردي قال خرج علينا عمران بن حصين وعليه مطرف من خز لم نره عليه قبل ذلك ولا بعده فقال إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "من أنعم الله عليه نعمة فإن الله يحب أن يرى أثر نعمته على خلقه" وقال روح مرة: على عبده.
ثم أمر الله عباده بأن يكثروا من ذكره وشكره على ما أسبغ عليهم من نعم فقال : ( فاذكروني أَذْكُرْكُمْ . . . ) .ذكر الشيء : التلفظ باسمه ، ويطلق بمعنى استحضاره في الذهن ، وهو ضد النسيان وذكر العباد لخالقهم قد يكون باللسان وقد يكون بالقلب وقد يكون بالجوارح . فذكرهم إياه بألسنتهم معناه : أن يحمدوه ويسبحوه ويمجدوه ، ويقرءوا كتابه ، مع استحضارهم لعظمته وجلاله .وذكرهم إياه بقلوبهم معناه أن يتفكروا في الدلائل الدالة على ذاته وصفاته وفي تكاليفه وأحكامه ، وأوامره ونواهيه ، وأسرار مخلوقاته ، لأن هذا التفكر يقوى إيمانهم ، ويصفى نفوسهم .وذكرهم إياه بجوارحهم معناه : أن تكون جوارحهم وحواسهم مستغرقة في الأعمال اتي أمروا بها ، منصرفة عن الأفعال التي نهوا عنها ، ولكون الصلاة مشتملة على هذه الثلاثة سماها الله - تعالى - ذكراً في قوله : ( ياأيها الذين آمنوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلاَةِ مِن يَوْمِ الجمعة فاسعوا إلى ذِكْرِ الله وَذَرُواْ البيع . . . ) وقوله : ( فاذكروني أَذْكُرْكُمْ ) أمر وجوابه ، وفيه معنى المجازاة فلذلك جزم .والمعنى : اذكروني بالطاعة والاستجابة لما أمرتكم به والبعد عما نهيتكم عنه أذكركم بالرعاية والنصرة ، وصلاح الأحوال في الدنيا ، وبالرحمة وجزيل الثواب في الآخرة . فالذكر في قوله ( أَذْكُرْكُمْ ) مستعمل فيما يترتب على الذكر من المجازاة بما هو أوفى وأبقى ، كما أن قوله " فاذكروني " المراد به : اذكروا عظمتي وجلالي ونعمي عليكم ، لأن هذا التذكر هو الذي يبعث على استفراغ الوسع في الأقوال والأعمال التي ترضى الله .قال صاحب المنار : وقال الأستاذ الإِمام : هذه الكلمة - وهي قوله - تعالى ( فاذكروني أَذْكُرْكُمْ ) - من الله - تعالى كبيرة جداً ، كأنه يقول : إنني أعاملكم بما تعاملونني به وهو الرب ونحن العبيد ، وهو الغني عنا ونحن الفقراء إليه . وهذه أفضل تربية من الله لعباده : إذا ذكروه ذكرهم بإدامه النعمة والفضل ، وإذا نسوه نسيهم وعاقبهم بمقتضى العدل " .هذا ، وقد وردت أحاديث متعددة في فضل الذكر والذاكرين ، ومن ذلك ما رواه الشيخان وغيرهما عن أبي هريرة قال : " قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول الله - تعالى - : أنا عند ظن عبدي بي وأنا معه حين يذكرني ، فإن ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي ، وإن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم . وإن تقرب إلى شبراً تقربت إليه ذراعاً . وإن تقرب إلي ذراعاً تقربت إليه باعا . وإن أتاني يمشي أتيته هرولة " .وروى مسلم عن أبي سعيد الخدري وأبي هريرة : أنهما شهدا على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " لا يقعد قوم يذكرون الله - تعالى - إلا حفتهم الملائكة ، وغشيتهم الرحمة ، ونزلت عليهم السكينة ، وذكرهم الله فيمن عنده " .قال الإِمام النووي : واعلم أن فضيلة الذكر غير منحصرة في التسبيح والتهليل والتحميد والتكبير ونحو ذلك ، بل كل عامل لله - تعالى - بطاعة فهو ذاكر لله - تعالى - .وقوله - تعالى - ( واشكروا لِي وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ ) معطوف على ما قبله .والشكر في اللغة - كما يقول القرطبي - الظهور ، ومنه قولهم : دابة شكور إذا ظهر عليها من السمن فوق ما تعطى من العلف .وحقيقته : عرفان الإِحسان وإظهاره بالثناء على المحسن ، يقال شكره وشكر له كما يقال نصحه ونصح له .وأصل الكفر في كلام العرب الستر والتغطية والجحود ، ويستعمل بمعنى عدم الإِيمان فيتعدى بالباء فيقال : كفر بالله ، ويستعمل بمعنى عدم الشكر - وهو المراد هنا - فيتعدى بنفسه ، فيقال : كفر النعمة أي جحدها وكفر المنعم أي جحد نعمته ولم يقابلها بالشكر .والمعنى : اشكروا لي ما أنعمت به عليكم من ضروب النعم ، بأن تستعملوا النعم فيما خلقت له ، وبأن تطيعوني في السر والعلن ، وحذار من أن تجحدوا إحساني إليكم ، ونعمي عليكم فاسلبكم إياها .قال - تعالى - : ( لَئِن شَكَرْتُمْ لأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِن كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ ) وقدم - سبحانه - الأمر بالذكر على الأمر بالشكر ، لأن في الذكر اشتغالا بذاته - تعالى - ، وفي الشكر اشتغالا بنعمته ، والاشتغال بذاته أولى بالتقديم من الاشتغال بنعمته . وقوله ( وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ ) تأكيد لقوله ( واشكروا لِي ) .وهذا تحذير لهذه الأمة حتى لا تقع فيما وقع فيه بعض الأمم السابقة التي ( فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ الله فَأَذَاقَهَا الله لِبَاسَ الجوع والخوف بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ ) وبعد أن أمر - سبحانه - عباده بذكره وشكره ، وجه نداء إليهم بين لهم فيه ما يعينهم على ذلك ، كما بين لهم منزلة الشهداء ، وعاقبة الصابرين على البلاء فقال - تعالى - :( يَآأَيُّهَا الذين آمَنُواْ استعينوا . . . )
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْقال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بذلك: فاذكروني أيها المؤمنون بطاعتكم إياي فيما آمركم به وفيما أنهاكم عنه, أذكرْكم برحمتي إياكم ومغفرَتي لكم، كما:-2312- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا ابن المبارك, عن ابن لهيعة, عن عطاء بن دينار, عن سعيد بن جبير: " فاذكروني أذكركم " قال، اذكروني بطاعتي, أذكركم بمغفرتي.* * *وقد كان بعضهم يتأوّل ذلك أنه من الذكر بالثناء والمدح.* ذكر من قال ذلك:1313- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر, عن أبيه, عن الربيع في قوله: " فاذكروني أذكركم واشكروا لي ولا تكفرون "، إن الله ذاكرُ من ذكره, وزَائدُ من شكره, ومعذِّبُ من كفَره.2314- حدثني موسى قال، حدثني عمرو قال، حدثنا أسباط, عن السدي: " اذكروني أذكركم " قال، ليس من عبد يَذكر الله إلا ذكره الله. لا يذكره مؤمن إلا ذكره برَحمةٍ, ولا يذكره كافر إلا ذكره بعذاب.* * *القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلا تَكْفُرُونِ (152)قال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بذلك: اشكروا لي أيها المؤمنون فيما أنعمت عليكم من الإسلام، والهداية للدين الذي شرعته لأنبيائي وأصفيائي،" ولا تكفرون "، يقول: ولا تجحدوا إحساني إليكم, فأسلبكم نعمتي التي أنعمت عليكم, ولكن اشكروا لي عليها, وأزيدكم فأتمم نعمتي عليكم, وأهديكم لما هديت له من رَضيت عنه من عبادي, فإنّي وعدت خلقي أنّ من شكر لي زدته, ومن كفرني حَرمته وسلبته ما أعطيتُه.* * *والعرب تقول: " نَصحتُ لك وشكرتُ لك ", ولا تكاد تقول: " نصحتك ", وربما قالت: " شكرتك ونصحتك ", من ذلك قول الشاعر: (57)هُـمُ جَـمَعُوا بُؤْسَـى ونُعْمَـى عَلَيْكُـمُفَهَــلا شَـكَرْتَ القَـوْمَ إذْ لَــمْ تُقَـاتِلِ (58)وقال النابغة في" نصحتك ":نَصَحْـتُ بَنِـي عَـوَفٍ فَلَـمْ يَتَقَبَّلُـوارَسُـولِي ولَـمْ تَنْجَـحْ لَـدَيْهِمْ وسَـائِلِي (59)* * *وقد دللنا على أن معنى " الشكر "، الثناء على الرجل بأفعاله المحمودة, وأن معنى " الكفر " تغطية الشيء, فيما مضى قبل، فأغنى ذلك عن إعادته هاهنا. (60)------------------الهوامش :(57) نسبه أبو حيان في تفسيره 1 : 447 لعمر بن لجأ ، ولم أجد الشعر في مكان .(58) معاني القرآن للفراء : 1 : 92 . وكان في المطبوعة : "إن لم تقاتل" ، وأثبت ما في الفراء والبؤسى والبأساء : البؤس . والنعمى والنعماء : النعمة .(59) ديوانه : 89 ، ومعاني القرآن للفراء 1 : 92 ، وأمالي ابن الشجري 1 : 362 ، وهي في غزو عمرو بن الحارث الأصغر لبني مرة بن عوف بن سعد بن ذبيان . ورواية ديوانه : "فلم يتقبلوا وصاتي" . الوصاة : الوصية . وقوله : "رسولي" . الرسول : الرسالة . والوسائل جمع وسيلة : وهي ما يتقرب به المرء إلى غيره من حرمة أو آصرة .(60) معنى"الشكر" 1 : 135-138 وتفسير معنى"الكفر" فيما سلف 1 : 255 ، 382 ، 522 ، ومواضع كثيرة . اطلبها في فهرس اللغة .
{فاذكروني أذكركم} قال ابن عباس: "اذكروني بطاعتي، أذكركم بمغفرتي"، وقال سعيد بن جبير: "اذكروني في النعمة والرخاء، أذكركم في الشدة والبلاء"، بيانه {فلولا أنه كان من المسبحين * للبث في بطنه إلى يوم يبعثون} [144-الصافات].أخبرنا عبد الواحد بن أحمد المليحي أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف أخبرنا محمد بن إسماعيل أخبرنا عمر بن حفص أخبرنا الأعمش قال: سمعت أبا صالح عن أبي هريرة قال قال: النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: يقول الله تعالى: "أنا عند ظن عبدي بي وأنا معه إذا ذكرني، فإن ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي، وإن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم، وإن تقرب إلي شبراً تقربت إليه ذراعاً، وإن تقرب إلي ذراعاً تقربت إليه باعاً، ومن أتاني يمشي أتيته هرولة".أخبرنا الإمام أبو علي الحسين بن محمد القاضي وثنا أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي توبة الكشميهني قال: حدثنا أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن سراج الطحان أخبرنا أبو أحمد محمد بن قريش بن سليمان أخبرنا أبو عبد الملك الدمشقي أخبرنا سليمان بن عبد الرحمن أخبرنا منذر بن زياد عن صخر بن جويرية عن الحسن عن أنس قال: إني سمعت هذا الحديث من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عدد أناملي هذه العشر، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "إن الله تعالى يقول: يا ابن آدم إن ذكرتني في نفسك ذكرتك في نفسي، وإن ذكرتني في ملأ ذكرتك في ملأ خير منهم، وإن دنوت مني شبراً دنوت منك ذراعاً، وإن دنوت مني ذراعاً دنوت منك باعاً، وإن مشيت إلي هرولت إليك، وإن هرولت إلي سعيت إليك، وإن سألتني أعطيتك، وإن لم تسألني غضبت عليك".أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي أخبرنا أبو منصور السمعاني أخبرنا أبو جعفر الرياني أخبرنا حميد بن زنجويه أخبرنا يحيى بن عبد الله أخبرنا الأوزاعي أخبرنا إسماعيل بن عبيد الله عن أبي الدرداء عن أبي هريرة قال: قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: يقول الله عز وجل: "أنا مع عبدي ما ذكرني وتحركت بي شفتاه".أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن أبي شريح أنا أبو القاسم البغوي أخبرنا علي بن الجعد أخبرنا إسماعيل بن عياش أخبرنا عمرو بن قيس السكوني عن عبد الله بن بسر قال: جاء أعرابي إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: يا رسول أي الأعمال أفضل؟ قال: "أن تفارق الدنيا ولسانك رطب من ذكر الله تعالى".قوله تعالى: {واشكروا لي ولا تكفرون} يعني واشكروا لي بالطاعة ولا تكفروني بالمعصية فإن من أطاع الله فقد شكره ومن عصاه فقد كفره.
الفاء للتفريع عاطفة جملة الأمر بذكر الله وشكره على جمل النعم المتقدمة أي إذ قد أنعمت عليكم بهاته النعم فأنا آمركم بذكري .وقوله : { فاذكروني أذكركم } فعلان مشتقان من الذكر بكسر الذال ومن الذكر بضمها والكل مأمور به لأننا مأمورون بتذكر الله تعالى عند الإقدام على الأفعال لنذكر أوامره ونواهيه قال تعالى : { والذين إذا فعلوا فاحشة أو ظلموا أنفسهم ذكروا الله فاستغفروا لذنوبهم } [ آل عمران : 135 ] وعن عمر بن الخطاب أفضل من ذكر الله باللسان ذكر الله عند أمره ونهيه ، ومأمورون بذكر اسم الله تعالى بألسنتنا في جمل تدل على حمده وتقديسه والدعوة إلى طاعته ونحو ذلك ، وفي الحديث القدسي : " وإن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منه " .والذكر في قوله : { أذكركم } يجيء على المعنيين ، ولا بد من تقدير في قوله : { فاذكروني } على الوجهين لأن الذكر لا يتعلق بذات الله تعالى فالتقدير اذكروا عظمتي وصفاتي وثنائي وما ترتب عليها من الأمر والنهي ، أو اذكروا نعمي ومحامدي ، وهو تقدير من دلالة الاقتضاء ، وأما { أذكركم } فهو مجاز ، أي أعاملكم معاملة من ليس بمغفول عنه بزيادة النعم والنصر والعناية في الدنيا ، وبالثواب ورفع الدرجات في الآخرة ، أو أخلق ما يفهم منه الناس في الملأ الأعلى وفي الأرض فضلكم والرضى عنكم ، نحو قوله { كنتم خير أمة } [ آل عمران : 110 ] ، وحسن مصيركم في الآخرة ، لأن الذكر بمعنييه الحقيقيين مستحيل على الله تعالى . ثم إن تعديته للمفعول أيضاً على طريق دلالة الاقتضاء إذ ليس المراد تذكر الذوات ولا ذكر أسمائها بل المراد تذكر ما ينفعهم إذا وصل إليهم وذكر فضائلهم .وقوله : { واشكروا لي } أمر بالشكر الأعم من الذكر من وجه أو مطلقاً ، وتعديته للمفعول باللام هو الأفصح وتسمى هذه اللام لام التبليغ ولام التبيين كما قالوا نصح له ونصحه كقوله تعالى : { فتعساً لهم } [ محمد : 8 ] وقول النابغة :شَكَرتُ لك النُّعْمَى وأثنيتُ جاهداًوعطَّلْتُ أَعراض العُبَيْدِ بننِ عَامروقوله : { ولا تكفرون } نهي عن الكفران للنعمة ، والكفران مراتب أعلاها جحد النعمة وإنكارها ثم قصد إخفائها ، ثم السكوت عن شكرها غفلة وهذا أضعف المراتب وقد يعرض عن غير سوء قصد لكنه تقصير .قال ابن عرقة : «ليس عطف قوله : { ولا تكفرون } بدليل على أن الأمر بالشيء ليس نهياً عن ضده وذلك لأن الأمر بالشكر مطلق ( أي لأن الأمر لا يدل على التكرار فلا عموم له ) فيصدق بشكره يوماً واحداً فلما قال { ولا تكفرون } أفاد النهي عن الكفر دائماً» اه ، يريد لأن الفعل في سياق النهي يعم ، مثل الفعل في سياق النفي لأن النهي أخو النفي .
يقول تعالى: إن إنعامنا عليكم باستقبال الكعبة وإتمامها بالشرائع والنعم المتممة, ليس ذلك ببدع من إحساننا, ولا بأوله, بل أنعمنا عليكم بأصول النعم ومتمماتها, فأبلغها إرسالنا إليكم هذا الرسول الكريم منكم, تعرفون نسبه وصدقه, وأمانته وكماله ونصحه. { يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِنَا } وهذا يعم الآيات القرآنية وغيرها، فهو يتلو عليكم الآيات المبينة للحق من الباطل, والهدى من الضلال, التي دلتكم أولا, على توحيد الله وكماله, ثم على صدق رسوله, ووجوب الإيمان به, ثم على جميع ما أخبر به من المعاد والغيوب, حتى حصل لكم الهداية التامة, والعلم اليقيني. { وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ } أي: يطهر أخلاقكم ونفوسكم, بتربيتها على الأخلاق الجميلة, وتنزيهها عن الأخلاق الرذيلة, وذلك كتزكيتكم من الشرك, إلى التوحيد ومن الرياء إلى الإخلاص, ومن الكذب إلى الصدق, ومن الخيانة إلى الأمانة, ومن الكبر إلى التواضع, ومن سوء الخلق إلى حسن الخلق, ومن التباغض والتهاجر والتقاطع, إلى التحاب والتواصل والتوادد, وغير ذلك من أنواع التزكية. { وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَابَ } أي: القرآن, ألفاظه ومعانيه، { وَالْحِكْمَةَ } قيل: هي السنة, وقيل: الحكمة, معرفة أسرار الشريعة والفقه فيها, وتنزيل الأمور منازلها. فيكون - على هذا - تعليم السنة داخلا في تعليم الكتاب, لأن السنة, تبين القرآن وتفسره, وتعبر عنه، { وَيُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ } لأنهم كانوا قبل بعثته, في ضلال مبين, لا علم ولا عمل، فكل علم أو عمل, نالته هذه الأمة فعلى يده صلى الله عليه وسلم, وبسببه كان، فهذه النعم هي أصول النعم على الإطلاق, ولهي أكبر نعم ينعم بها على عباده، فوظيفتهم شكر الله عليها والقيام بها؛ فلهذا قال تعالى: { فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ } فأمر تعالى بذكره, ووعد عليه أفضل جزاء, وهو ذكره لمن ذكره, كما قال تعالى على لسان رسوله: { من ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي, ومن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم } وذكر الله تعالى, أفضله, ما تواطأ عليه القلب واللسان, وهو الذكر الذي يثمر معرفة الله ومحبته, وكثرة ثوابه، والذكر هو رأس الشكر, فلهذا أمر به خصوصا, ثم من بعده أمر بالشكر عموما فقال: { وَاشْكُرُوا لِي } أي: على ما أنعمت عليكم بهذه النعم، ودفعت عنكم صنوف النقم، والشكر يكون بالقلب, إقرارا بالنعم, واعترافا, وباللسان, ذكرا وثناء, وبالجوارح, طاعة لله وانقيادا لأمره, واجتنابا لنهيه, فالشكر فيه بقاء النعمة الموجودة, وزيادة في النعم المفقودة، قال تعالى: { لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ } وفي الإتيان بالأمر بالشكر بعد النعم الدينية, من العلم وتزكية الأخلاق والتوفيق للأعمال, بيان أنها أكبر النعم, بل هي النعم الحقيقية؟ التي تدوم, إذا زال غيرها وأنه ينبغي لمن وفقوا لعلم أو عمل, أن يشكروا الله على ذلك, ليزيدهم من فضله, وليندفع عنهم الإعجاب, فيشتغلوا بالشكر. ولما كان الشكر ضده الكفر, نهى عن ضده فقال: { وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ } المراد بالكفر هاهنا ما يقابل الشكر, فهو كفر النعم وجحدها, وعدم القيام بها، ويحتمل أن يكون المعنى عاما, فيكون الكفر أنواعا كثيرة, أعظمه الكفر بالله, ثم أنواع المعاصي, على اختلاف أنواعها وأجناسها, من الشرك, فما دونه.
قوله تعالى : فاذكروني أذكركم واشكروا لي ولا تكفرون يا أيها الذين آمنوا استعينوا بالصبر والصلاة إن الله مع الصابرينقوله تعالى : فاذكروني أذكركم أمر وجوابه ، وفيه معنى المجازاة فلذلك جزم . وأصل الذكر التنبه بالقلب للمذكور والتيقظ له . وسمي الذكر باللسان ذكرا لأنه دلالة على الذكر القلبي ، غير أنه لما كثر إطلاق الذكر على القول اللساني صار هو السابق للفهم .ومعنى الآية : اذكروني بالطاعة أذكركم بالثواب والمغفرة ، قاله سعيد بن جبير . وقال أيضا : الذكر طاعة الله ، فمن لم يطعه لم يذكره وإن أكثر التسبيح والتهليل وقراءة القرآن ، وروي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : من أطاع الله فقد ذكر الله وإن أقل صلاته وصومه وصنيعه للخير ومن عصى الله فقد نسي الله وإن كثر صلاته وصومه وصنيعه للخير ، ذكره أبو عبد الله محمد بن خويز منداد في " أحكام القرآن " له . وقال أبو عثمان النهدي : إني لأعلم الساعة التي يذكرنا الله فيها ، قيل له : ومن أين تعلمها ؟ قال يقول الله عز وجل : فاذكروني أذكركم . وقال السدي : ليس من عبد يذكر الله إلا ذكره الله عز وجل ، لا يذكره مؤمن إلا ذكره الله برحمته ، ولا يذكره كافر إلا ذكره الله بعذاب . وسئل أبو عثمان فقيل له : نذكر الله ولا نجد في قلوبنا حلاوة ؟ فقال : احمدوا الله تعالى على أن زين جارحة من جوارحكم بطاعته . وقال ذو النون المصري رحمه الله : من ذكر الله تعالى ذكرا على الحقيقة نسي في جنب ذكره كل شيء ، حفظ الله عليه كل شيء ، وكان له عوضا من كل شيء . وقال معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنه : ما عمل ابن آدم من عمل أنجى له من عذاب الله من ذكر الله . والأحاديث في فضل الذكر وثوابه كثيرة خرجها الأئمة . روى ابن ماجه عن عبد الله بن بسر أن أعرابيا قال لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : إن شرائع الإسلام قد [ ص: 161 ] كثرت علي فأنبئني منها بشيء أتشبث به ، قال : لا يزال لسانك رطبا من ذكر الله عز وجل . وخرج عن أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : إن الله عز وجل يقول أنا مع عبدي إذا هو ذكرني وتحركت بي شفتاه . وسيأتي لهذا الباب مزيد بيان عند قوله تعالى : يا أيها الذين آمنوا اذكروا الله ذكرا كثيرا وأن المراد ذكر القلب الذي يجب استدامته في عموم الحالات .قوله تعالى : واشكروا لي ولا تكفرون قال الفراء يقال : شكرتك وشكرت لك ، ونصحتك ونصحت لك ، والفصيح الأول . والشكر معرفة الإحسان والتحدث به ، وأصله في اللغة الظهور ، وقد تقدم . فشكر العبد لله تعالى ثناؤه عليه بذكر إحسانه إليه ، وشكر الحق سبحانه للعبد ثناؤه عليه بطاعته له ، إلا أن شكر العبد نطق باللسان وإقرار بالقلب بإنعام الرب مع الطاعات .قوله تعالى : ولا تكفرون نهي ، ولذلك حذفت منه نون الجماعة ، وهذه نون المتكلم . وحذفت الياء لأنها رأس آية ، وإثباتها أحسن في غير القرآن ، أي لا تكفروا نعمتي وأيادي . فالكفر هنا ستر النعمة لا التكذيب . وقد مضى القول في الكفر لغة ، ومضى القول في معنى الاستعانة بالصبر والصلاة ، فلا معنى للإعادة .
It was at the time of the construction of the Ka‘bah that Abraham and Ishmael prayed for a prophet to be born among the people of Makkah. The prayer was answered, and the coming of the final prophet, whose focus would be Makkah, was decreed. God’s messengers who came to the world used to prophesy his coming. Now that he had come, the Ka‘bah in Makkah was made the prayer direction for all nations. This was God’s sign, indicating that the prophet, whose coming had been anticipated, had finally arrived. As for the sincere—they needed no further proof, but even the conclusiveness of this sign was not enough to silence those who gave no thought to God. It is those who fear God who are guided on the path to Him. God remembers those who remember Him. Only those who are filled with fear of Him are free of fear of all else besides Him.
The merits of 'Dhikr' ذکر (Rememberance)
Dhikr ذکر : or "Remembrance" essentially pertains to the heart, but in so far as the tongue is the interpreter of the heart the oral recitation of a Divine Name or a verse of the Holy Qur'an is also described as Dhikr ذکر . In other words, oral Dhikr ذکر can be worth the name only when it is accompanied by the "remembrance" of the heart. As the great Sufi poet Rumi points out, the recitation of a Divine Name can have no efficacy if one keeps thinking of cows and donkeys while repeating it mechanically with the tongue. One must, however, bear in mind that even a mechanical Dhikr ذکر without the heart being engaged in it is not altogether futile. It is related that the great Sufi Abu ` Uthman, hearing a man complain of such a situation, remarked that one should be grateful to Allah even for this favour of having drawn at least one organ of the body, the tongue, into His service. (Qurtubi)
The merits of Dhikr ذکر are, indeed, innumerable. What greater merit could one wish for than the assurance that when a man "remembers" Allah, He too "remembers" him. Abu ` Uthman once claimed that he knew the time when Allah remembered His servants. The listeners grew curious as to how he could determine this. He replied that, according to the promise made in the Holy Qur'an, when a Muslim remembers Allah, He too remembers him, and thus everyone can know for himself that as soon as he turns to Allah and remembers Him, Allah too remembers him.
Let us add that Verse 152 means to say that if men "remember" Allah by obeying His commandments, He will "remember" them by granting His pardon and His rewards. The commentator Said ibn Jubayr has, in fact, interpreted the Dhikr ذکر or "Remembrance" of Allah as obedience and submission to Him. He says:
فمن لم یطعہ لم یذکرہ وان کثر صلاتہ وتسبیحہ
"He who has not obeyed Him has not remembered Him, even though he has kept himself externally busy in offering (nafl نفل : supererogatory) prayers and reciting His praises."
This explanation is fully supported by a hadith cited by Al-Qurtubi on the authority of "Ahkam al-Qur'an احکام القرآن " by Ibn Khuwayz Mandadh. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has said that one who has been obeying Allah – that is, following the injunctions with regard to the lawful (Halal حلال ) and the unlawful (Haram حرام ) - has truly been remembering Allah, in spite of being deficient in (nafl نفل : supererogatory) prayers and fasting, while one who has been disobeying divine commandments has, in fact, forgotten Allah, in spite of devoting long hours to nafl نفل prayers, fasting and recitation of His praises.
The great Sufi Master Dhu al-Nun al-Misri has said that the man who remembers Allah in the full sense of the term forgets everything else, and that, in reward of such a total absorption, Allah Himself takes care of all his concerns, and grants him something far more valuable for everything he loses. Similarly, the blessed Companion Mu` adh ؓ has remarked that in so far as winning absolution from divine wrath is concerned, no good deed on the part of man can compare with Dhikr ذکر . And in a hadith reported by the blessed Companion Abu Hurayrah ؓ ، Allah Himself says that so long as the servant keeps remembering Him and his lips keep moving in Dhikr ذکر ، Allah is with him (for a more elaborate discussion of the subject, see Dhikrulldh ذکراللہ by the author).
(Therefore remember Me) through the performance of acts of obedience, (I will remember you) by granting you Paradise; and it is also said that this means: remember Me in time of ease, I will remember you in times of hardship. (Give thanks to Me) for the blessings I bestowed upon you, (and reject not Me) do not stop giving thanks for these blessings.
So remember Me through prayer glorification and the like I will remember you this is said to mean ‘I will reward you’; in a hadīth about God that He says ‘whoever remembers Me in himself I will remember him in Myself and whoever remembers Me in an assembly I will remember him in an Assembly more excellent than his’; and be thankful to Me for My grace by being obedient and be not ungrateful towards Me through disobedience.
Muhammad's ﷺ Prophecy is a Great Bounty from Allah
Allah reminds His believing servants with what He has endowed them with by sending Muhammad ﷺ as a Messenger to them, reciting to them Allah's clear Ayat and purifying and cleansing them from the worst types of behavior, the ills of the souls and the acts of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era). The Messenger also takes them away from the darkness (of disbelief) to the light (of faith) and teaches them the Book, the Qur'an, and the Hikmah (i.e., the wisdom), which is his Sunnah. He also teaches them what they knew not. During the time of Jahiliyyah, they used to utter foolish statements. Later on, and with the blessing of the Prophet's Message and the goodness of his prophecy, they were elevated to the status of the Awliya' (loyal friends of Allah) and the rank of the scholars. Hence, they acquired the deepest knowledge among the people, the most pious hearts, and the most truthful tongues. Allah said:
لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ
(Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on the believers when He sent among them a Messenger (Muhammad ) from among themselves, reciting unto them His verses (the Qur'an), and purifying them (from sins).) (3:164)
Allah also criticized those who did not give this bounty its due consideration, when He said:
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ
(Have you not seen those who have changed the favors of Allah into disbelief (by denying Prophet Muhammad ) and his Message of Islam), and caused their people to dwell in the house of destruction) (14:28)
Ibn `Abbas commented, "Allah's favor means Muhammad." Therefore, Allah has commanded the believers to affirm this favor and to appreciate it by thanking and remembering Him:
فَاذْكُرُونِى أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُواْ لِي وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ
(Therefore, remember Me. I will remember you, and be grateful to Me, and never be ungrateful to Me.)
Mujahid said that Allah's statement:
كَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْكُمْ
(Similarly (to complete My favor on you), We have sent among you a Messenger (Muhammad ) of your own,)
means: Therefore, remember Me in gratitude to My favor.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented about Allah's statement:
فَاذْكُرُونِى أَذْكُرْكُمْ
(Therefore remember Me. I will remember you), "Remember Me regarding what I have commanded you and I will remember you regarding what I have compelled Myself to do for your benefit (i.e., His rewards and forgiveness)."
An authentic Hadith states:
«يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي نَفْسِهِ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي نَفْسِي وَمَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي مَلَأٍ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي مَلَأٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْه»
(Allah the Exalted said, `Whoever mentions Me to himself, then I will mention him to Myself; and whoever mentions Me in a gathering, I will mention him in a better gathering.)'
Imam Ahmad reported that Anas narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
«قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، إِنْ ذَكَرْتَنِي فِي نَفْسِكَ ذَكَرْتُك فِي نَفْسِي، إِنْ ذَكَرْتَنِي فِي مَلَإٍ ذكَرْتُكَ فِي مَلَإٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَوْ قَالَ: فِي مَلَإٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ دَنَوْتَ مِنِّي شِبْرًا دَنَوْتُ مِنْكَ ذِرَاعًا، وَإِنْ دَنَوْتَ مِنِّي ذِرَاعًا دَنَوْتُ مِنْكَ بَاعًا، وَإنْ أَتَيْتَنِي تَمْشِي أَتَيْتُكَ هَرْوَلَة»
(Allah the Exalted said, `O son of Adam! If you mention Me to yourself, I will mention you to Myself. If you mention Me in a gathering, I will mention you in a gathering of the angels (or said in a better gathering). If you draw closer to Me by a hand span, I will draw closer to you by forearm's length. If you draw closer to Me by a forearm's length, I will draw closer to you by an arm's length. And if you come to Me walking, I will come to you running).
Its chain is Sahih, it was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Allah said:
وَاشْكُرُواْ لِي وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ
(...and be grateful to Me (for My countless favors on you) and never be ungrateful to Me.)
In this Ayah, Allah commands that He be thanked and appreciated, and promises even more rewards for thanking Him. Allah said in another Ayah:
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِن شَكَرْتُمْ لأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِن كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِى لَشَدِيدٌ
(And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed: "If you give thanks (by accepting faith and worshipping none but Allah), I will give you more (of My blessings); but if you are thankless (i.e., disbelievers), verily, My punishment is indeed severe.)
Abu Raja' Al-`Utaridi said: `Imran bin Husayn came by us once wearing a nice silken garment that we never saw him wear before or afterwards. He said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
«مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ نِعْمَةً فَإِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَرَى أَثَرَ نِعْمَتِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِه»
، وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ مَرَّةً:
«عَلَى عَبْدِه»
(Those whom Allah has favored with a bounty, then Allah likes to see the effect of His bounty on His creation), or he said, "on His servant" - according to Ruh (one of the narrators of the Hadith).
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself. If you pass into the spirit, you will gain dignity. If one day you pass by the street of the Haqiqah and remember Him in your secret core, you will see “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what has never passed into the heart of any mortal.” Just once pass by Our street and gaze on Our subtle artisanry. If you want roses, pass into the spirit and make the heart aware of union with Us. It is written in one of God's scriptures, “'My servant! You will remember Me when you have tried out the others. I am better for you than anyone else.' My servant, when you have seen and tested others, then you will know My worth and recognize My rightful due. In other words, once you have seen their lack of loving kindness and you have grasped My loving kindness and loyalty, then you will know that I am more lovingly kind to you than anyone else and I am more useful. “'My servant, did I not remember you before you remembered Me?' My servant, one mark of My loving kindness is that I remembered you first, then you remembered Me. “'Did I not love you before you loved Me?' First, I wanted you, then you wanted Me. “'My servant, have you turned away from Me and toward another because you are ashamed to face Me? Where are you going? My door is open, My gifts are bestowed on you.'” This is as someone said: You have all your brightness from Me, you wander around, then you come back to Me. By the exaltation of the Exalted! If you take one step in His path, a thousand generosities will reach you from Him. “From you a little service, from Him much blessing! From you a bit of obe- dience, from Him great mercy!” The Prophet alluded to this in recounting from God: “When someone remembers Me in him- self, I remember him in Myself; and when someone remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than his. When someone comes near to Me by a span, I come near to him by a cubit, and when someone comes to Me walking, I come to him rushing.” And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. It has been said that “I was grateful for Him” is gratitude at seeing blessings and in respect of activity.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden. This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, “My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.” This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, “I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.” In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us. * I wonder at him who says, “I remember my Lord.” Should I forget, then remember what I forgot? That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, “O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself. “O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?” O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark? You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself. If you pass into the spirit, you will gain dignity. If one day you pass by the street of the Haqiqah and remember Him in your secret core, you will see “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what has never passed into the heart of any mortal.” Just once pass by Our street and gaze on Our subtle artisanry. If you want roses, pass into the spirit and make the heart aware of union with Us. It is written in one of God's scriptures, “'My servant! You will remember Me when you have tried out the others. I am better for you than anyone else.' My servant, when you have seen and tested others, then you will know My worth and recognize My rightful due. In other words, once you have seen their lack of loving kindness and you have grasped My loving kindness and loyalty, then you will know that I am more lovingly kind to you than anyone else and I am more useful. “'My servant, did I not remember you before you remembered Me?' My servant, one mark of My loving kindness is that I remembered you first, then you remembered Me. “'Did I not love you before you loved Me?' First, I wanted you, then you wanted Me. “'My servant, have you turned away from Me and toward another because you are ashamed to face Me? Where are you going? My door is open, My gifts are bestowed on you.'” This is as someone said: You have all your brightness from Me, you wander around, then you come back to Me. By the exaltation of the Exalted! If you take one step in His path, a thousand generosities will reach you from Him. “From you a little service, from Him much blessing! From you a bit of obe- dience, from Him great mercy!” The Prophet alluded to this in recounting from God: “When someone remembers Me in him- self, I remember him in Myself; and when someone remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than his. When someone comes near to Me by a span, I come near to him by a cubit, and when someone comes to Me walking, I come to him rushing.” And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me. It has been said that “I was grateful for Him” is gratitude at seeing blessings and in respect of activity.
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful for Me and not ungrateful toward Me.This is to remember the lovingly kind Friend, the heart's ease and the spirit's food. Remembrance is the polo-ball and familiarity with Him is the bat. Its steed is yearning and its field love. Burning for Him is the rose, and recognizing Him the garden.This remembrance makes the Real apparent. It is joined with the Haqiqah and separate from mortal nature. This remembrance is the watering place for the tree of tawḤīd, the fruit and produce of which is friendship with the Real. This is why the Lord of the Worlds said, �My servant does not cease remembering Me, and I remembering him, until he is passionate for Me and I passionate for him.�This is not the remembrance of the tongue that you know-this is inside the spirit. The time came when Abū Yazīd was remembering little with the tongue. When he was asked about that, he said, �I am in wonder at this remembrance of the tongue, and I am more in wonder at him who is a stranger. What would a stranger be doing in the midst? Remembrance of Him is in the midst of the spirit.�In the story of passion for You, many are the hardships. I'm with You, but many are the stations between us.*I wonder at him who says, �I remember my Lord.� Should I forget, then remember what I forgot?That great man of his time said in a whispered prayer, �O Lord! How can I remember You when You Yourself are remembering and I am crying out from forgetfulness. You are the remembrance and the remembered, You are the help in finding Yourself.�O Lord! When someone reaches You, his sorrows are finished; when someone sees You, his spirit laughs. Who has more joy in the two worlds than he who remembers You? Who is more worthy of happiness in You than the servant?�O poor man, you are remembering yourself. What do you know about remembering Him? Not having traveled, what do you know about the way stations? Not having seen the Friend, how can you be aware of His name and mark?You are your own object of worship-you worship yourself: whatever you do, you do it for yourself.
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْقال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بذلك: فاذكروني أيها المؤمنون بطاعتكم إياي فيما آمركم به وفيما أنهاكم عنه, أذكرْكم برحمتي إياكم ومغفرَتي لكم، كما:-2312- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا ابن المبارك, عن ابن لهيعة, عن عطاء بن دينار, عن سعيد بن جبير: " فاذكروني أذكركم " قال، اذكروني بطاعتي, أذكركم بمغفرتي.* * *وقد كان بعضهم يتأوّل ذلك أنه من الذكر بالثناء والمدح.* ذكر من قال ذلك:1313- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر, عن أبيه, عن الربيع في قوله: " فاذكروني أذكركم واشكروا لي ولا تكفرون "، إن الله ذاكرُ من ذكره, وزَائدُ من شكره, ومعذِّبُ من كفَره.2314- حدثني موسى قال، حدثني عمرو قال، حدثنا أسباط, عن السدي: " اذكروني أذكركم " قال، ليس من عبد يَذكر الله إلا ذكره الله. لا يذكره مؤمن إلا ذكره برَحمةٍ, ولا يذكره كافر إلا ذكره بعذاب.* * *القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلا تَكْفُرُونِ (152)قال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بذلك: اشكروا لي أيها المؤمنون فيما أنعمت عليكم من الإسلام، والهداية للدين الذي شرعته لأنبيائي وأصفيائي،" ولا تكفرون "، يقول: ولا تجحدوا إحساني إليكم, فأسلبكم نعمتي التي أنعمت عليكم, ولكن اشكروا لي عليها, وأزيدكم فأتمم نعمتي عليكم, وأهديكم لما هديت له من رَضيت عنه من عبادي, فإنّي وعدت خلقي أنّ من شكر لي زدته, ومن كفرني حَرمته وسلبته ما أعطيتُه.* * *والعرب تقول: " نَصحتُ لك وشكرتُ لك ", ولا تكاد تقول: " نصحتك ", وربما قالت: " شكرتك ونصحتك ", من ذلك قول الشاعر: (57)هُـمُ جَـمَعُوا بُؤْسَـى ونُعْمَـى عَلَيْكُـمُفَهَــلا شَـكَرْتَ القَـوْمَ إذْ لَــمْ تُقَـاتِلِ (58)وقال النابغة في" نصحتك ":نَصَحْـتُ بَنِـي عَـوَفٍ فَلَـمْ يَتَقَبَّلُـوارَسُـولِي ولَـمْ تَنْجَـحْ لَـدَيْهِمْ وسَـائِلِي (59)* * *وقد دللنا على أن معنى " الشكر "، الثناء على الرجل بأفعاله المحمودة, وأن معنى " الكفر " تغطية الشيء, فيما مضى قبل، فأغنى ذلك عن إعادته هاهنا. (60)------------------الهوامش :(57) نسبه أبو حيان في تفسيره 1 : 447 لعمر بن لجأ ، ولم أجد الشعر في مكان .(58) معاني القرآن للفراء : 1 : 92 . وكان في المطبوعة : "إن لم تقاتل" ، وأثبت ما في الفراء والبؤسى والبأساء : البؤس . والنعمى والنعماء : النعمة .(59) ديوانه : 89 ، ومعاني القرآن للفراء 1 : 92 ، وأمالي ابن الشجري 1 : 362 ، وهي في غزو عمرو بن الحارث الأصغر لبني مرة بن عوف بن سعد بن ذبيان . ورواية ديوانه : "فلم يتقبلوا وصاتي" . الوصاة : الوصية . وقوله : "رسولي" . الرسول : الرسالة . والوسائل جمع وسيلة : وهي ما يتقرب به المرء إلى غيره من حرمة أو آصرة .(60) معنى"الشكر" 1 : 135-138 وتفسير معنى"الكفر" فيما سلف 1 : 255 ، 382 ، 522 ، ومواضع كثيرة . اطلبها في فهرس اللغة .
يقول تعالى: إن إنعامنا عليكم باستقبال الكعبة وإتمامها بالشرائع والنعم المتممة, ليس ذلك ببدع من إحساننا, ولا بأوله, بل أنعمنا عليكم بأصول النعم ومتمماتها, فأبلغها إرسالنا إليكم هذا الرسول الكريم منكم, تعرفون نسبه وصدقه, وأمانته وكماله ونصحه. { يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِنَا } وهذا يعم الآيات القرآنية وغيرها، فهو يتلو عليكم الآيات المبينة للحق من الباطل, والهدى من الضلال, التي دلتكم أولا, على توحيد الله وكماله, ثم على صدق رسوله, ووجوب الإيمان به, ثم على جميع ما أخبر به من المعاد والغيوب, حتى حصل لكم الهداية التامة, والعلم اليقيني. { وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ } أي: يطهر أخلاقكم ونفوسكم, بتربيتها على الأخلاق الجميلة, وتنزيهها عن الأخلاق الرذيلة, وذلك كتزكيتكم من الشرك, إلى التوحيد ومن الرياء إلى الإخلاص, ومن الكذب إلى الصدق, ومن الخيانة إلى الأمانة, ومن الكبر إلى التواضع, ومن سوء الخلق إلى حسن الخلق, ومن التباغض والتهاجر والتقاطع, إلى التحاب والتواصل والتوادد, وغير ذلك من أنواع التزكية. { وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَابَ } أي: القرآن, ألفاظه ومعانيه، { وَالْحِكْمَةَ } قيل: هي السنة, وقيل: الحكمة, معرفة أسرار الشريعة والفقه فيها, وتنزيل الأمور منازلها. فيكون - على هذا - تعليم السنة داخلا في تعليم الكتاب, لأن السنة, تبين القرآن وتفسره, وتعبر عنه، { وَيُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ } لأنهم كانوا قبل بعثته, في ضلال مبين, لا علم ولا عمل، فكل علم أو عمل, نالته هذه الأمة فعلى يده صلى الله عليه وسلم, وبسببه كان، فهذه النعم هي أصول النعم على الإطلاق, ولهي أكبر نعم ينعم بها على عباده، فوظيفتهم شكر الله عليها والقيام بها؛ فلهذا قال تعالى: { فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ } فأمر تعالى بذكره, ووعد عليه أفضل جزاء, وهو ذكره لمن ذكره, كما قال تعالى على لسان رسوله: { من ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي, ومن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم } وذكر الله تعالى, أفضله, ما تواطأ عليه القلب واللسان, وهو الذكر الذي يثمر معرفة الله ومحبته, وكثرة ثوابه، والذكر هو رأس الشكر, فلهذا أمر به خصوصا, ثم من بعده أمر بالشكر عموما فقال: { وَاشْكُرُوا لِي } أي: على ما أنعمت عليكم بهذه النعم، ودفعت عنكم صنوف النقم، والشكر يكون بالقلب, إقرارا بالنعم, واعترافا, وباللسان, ذكرا وثناء, وبالجوارح, طاعة لله وانقيادا لأمره, واجتنابا لنهيه, فالشكر فيه بقاء النعمة الموجودة, وزيادة في النعم المفقودة، قال تعالى: { لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ } وفي الإتيان بالأمر بالشكر بعد النعم الدينية, من العلم وتزكية الأخلاق والتوفيق للأعمال, بيان أنها أكبر النعم, بل هي النعم الحقيقية؟ التي تدوم, إذا زال غيرها وأنه ينبغي لمن وفقوا لعلم أو عمل, أن يشكروا الله على ذلك, ليزيدهم من فضله, وليندفع عنهم الإعجاب, فيشتغلوا بالشكر. ولما كان الشكر ضده الكفر, نهى عن ضده فقال: { وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ } المراد بالكفر هاهنا ما يقابل الشكر, فهو كفر النعم وجحدها, وعدم القيام بها، ويحتمل أن يكون المعنى عاما, فيكون الكفر أنواعا كثيرة, أعظمه الكفر بالله, ثم أنواع المعاصي, على اختلاف أنواعها وأجناسها, من الشرك, فما دونه.
The merits of 'Dhikr' ذکر (Rememberance)
Dhikr ذکر : or "Remembrance" essentially pertains to the heart, but in so far as the tongue is the interpreter of the heart the oral recitation of a Divine Name or a verse of the Holy Qur'an is also described as Dhikr ذکر . In other words, oral Dhikr ذکر can be worth the name only when it is accompanied by the "remembrance" of the heart. As the great Sufi poet Rumi points out, the recitation of a Divine Name can have no efficacy if one keeps thinking of cows and donkeys while repeating it mechanically with the tongue. One must, however, bear in mind that even a mechanical Dhikr ذکر without the heart being engaged in it is not altogether futile. It is related that the great Sufi Abu ` Uthman, hearing a man complain of such a situation, remarked that one should be grateful to Allah even for this favour of having drawn at least one organ of the body, the tongue, into His service. (Qurtubi)
The merits of Dhikr ذکر are, indeed, innumerable. What greater merit could one wish for than the assurance that when a man "remembers" Allah, He too "remembers" him. Abu ` Uthman once claimed that he knew the time when Allah remembered His servants. The listeners grew curious as to how he could determine this. He replied that, according to the promise made in the Holy Qur'an, when a Muslim remembers Allah, He too remembers him, and thus everyone can know for himself that as soon as he turns to Allah and remembers Him, Allah too remembers him.
Let us add that Verse 152 means to say that if men "remember" Allah by obeying His commandments, He will "remember" them by granting His pardon and His rewards. The commentator Said ibn Jubayr has, in fact, interpreted the Dhikr ذکر or "Remembrance" of Allah as obedience and submission to Him. He says:
فمن لم یطعہ لم یذکرہ وان کثر صلاتہ وتسبیحہ
"He who has not obeyed Him has not remembered Him, even though he has kept himself externally busy in offering (nafl نفل : supererogatory) prayers and reciting His praises."
This explanation is fully supported by a hadith cited by Al-Qurtubi on the authority of "Ahkam al-Qur'an احکام القرآن " by Ibn Khuwayz Mandadh. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has said that one who has been obeying Allah – that is, following the injunctions with regard to the lawful (Halal حلال ) and the unlawful (Haram حرام ) - has truly been remembering Allah, in spite of being deficient in (nafl نفل : supererogatory) prayers and fasting, while one who has been disobeying divine commandments has, in fact, forgotten Allah, in spite of devoting long hours to nafl نفل prayers, fasting and recitation of His praises.
The great Sufi Master Dhu al-Nun al-Misri has said that the man who remembers Allah in the full sense of the term forgets everything else, and that, in reward of such a total absorption, Allah Himself takes care of all his concerns, and grants him something far more valuable for everything he loses. Similarly, the blessed Companion Mu` adh ؓ has remarked that in so far as winning absolution from divine wrath is concerned, no good deed on the part of man can compare with Dhikr ذکر . And in a hadith reported by the blessed Companion Abu Hurayrah ؓ ، Allah Himself says that so long as the servant keeps remembering Him and his lips keep moving in Dhikr ذکر ، Allah is with him (for a more elaborate discussion of the subject, see Dhikrulldh ذکراللہ by the author).