The Light — Verse 52

The Treachery of the Hypocrites and the Attitude of the Believers Allah tells us about the characteristics of the hypocrites who show one thing while hiding another, and who say with their tongues, آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعْنَا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ مِّن بَعْدِ ذلِكَ ("We have believed in Allah and in the Messenger, and we obey," then a party of them turn away thereafter,) meaning, their actions contradict their deeds, and they say that which they do not do. Allah says: وَمَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ (such are not believers.) وَإِذَا دُعُواْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ (And when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them...) means, when they are asked to follow the guidance which Allah has revealed to His Messenger , they turn away and are too arrogantly proud of themselves to follow him. This is like the Ayah: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ ءَامَنُواْ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ (Have you not seen those who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you,) until His saying: رَأَيْتَ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنكَ صُدُوداً (you see the hypocrites turn away from you with aversion) 4: 60-61. وَإِن يَكُنْ لَّهُمُ الْحَقُّ يَأْتُواْ إِلَيْهِ مُذْعِنِينَ (But if the truth is on their side, they come to him willingly with submission.) means, if the ruling will be in their favor and not against them, then they will come and will listen and obey, which is what is meant by the phrase مُذْعِنِينَ (willingly with submission.) But if the ruling will go against him, he turns away and demands something that goes against the truth, and he prefers to refer for judgement to someone other than the Prophet so that his false claims may prevail. His acceptance in the beginning was not because he believed that it was the truth, but because it happened to be in accordance with his desires. So when the truth went against what he was hoping for, he turned away from it. Allah said: أَفِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ (Is there a disease in their hearts...) meaning, their situation cannot be anything else, they must necessarily have a disease in their hearts, or else they have some doubts about the religion, or they are afraid that Allah and His Messenger will be unjust in their ruling against them. Whichever it is, it is pure disbelief, and Allah knows which of these characteristics each one of them has. d بَلْ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ (Nay, it is they themselves who are the wrongdoers.) means, they are the evildoers who commit immoral actions, and Allah and His Messenger are innocent of the injustice and unfairness that they imagine; exalted be Allah and His Messenger above such a thing. Then Allah tells us about the attributes of the believers who respond to Allah and His Messenger and who seek no other way apart from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger . Allah says: إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا دُعُواْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَن يَقُولُواْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا (The only saying of the faithful believers, when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them, is that they say: "We hear and we obey".) meaning, to hear to obey. Allah describes them as having attained success, which is achieving what one wants and being saved from what one fears. So Allah says: وَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (And such are the successful.) Concerning the Ayah: أَن يَقُولُواْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا (they say: "We hear and we obey".), Qatadah said: "We were told that when `Ubadah bin As-Samit, who had been present at Al-`Aqabah and at Badr, and was one of the leaders of the Ansar, was dying, he said to his nephew Junadah bin Abi Umayyah: `Shall I not tell you what you must do and what is your due' He said, `Yes.' He said: `You have to listen and obey when times are easy and when they are hard, when you feel energetic and when you do not want to, and when you feel selfish. You have to train your tongue to speak the truth. Do not go against those who are in authority, unless they openly command you to commit acts of disobedience to Allah. Whenever you are commanded to do something that goes against the Book of Allah, then follow the Book of Allah."' Qatadah said: We were told that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "There is no Islam except through obedience to Allah, and no goodness except in Jama`ah. Sincerity is to Allah and His Messenger , and to the Khalifah and all the believers." He said: "And we were told that `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, used to say; `The bonds of Islam are La ilaha illallah, establishing prayer, paying Zakah and obeying those whom Allah has given authority over the affairs of the Muslims."' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. There are very many Hadiths and reports which state that it is obligatory to obey the Book of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger, the Rightly-Guided Khalifahs and the Imams when they command us to obey Allah; there are too many of these reports to quote them all here. وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ (And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger,) in what he is commanded with, and avoid what he is forbidden, وَيَخْشَ اللَّهَ (fears Allah, ) means, for his past sins, وَيَتَّقْهِ (and has Taqwa of Him,) regarding sins he may commit in the future. فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَآئِزُون (such are the successful.) means, those who will attain all goodness and be saved from all evil in this world and the Hereafter.

And he who obeys God and His Messenger and fears God and fears Him read yattaqh or yattaqhi by being obedient to Him those they are the winners of Paradise.

ومن يطع الله ورسوله في الأمر والنهي، ويَخَفْ عواقب العصيان، ويحْذَر عذاب الله، فهؤلاء هم الفائزون بالنعيم في الجنة.

قال قتادة: يطع الله ورسوله فيما أمراه به وترك ما نهياه عنه ويخش الله فيما مضى من ذنوبه ويتقه فيما يستقبل وقوله "فأولئك هم الفائزون" يعني الذين فازوا بكل خير وأمنوا من كل شر في الدنيا والآخرة.

ثم بين - سبحانه - ما يترتب على طاعة الله ورسوله فقال : ( وَمَن يُطِعِ الله وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَخْشَ الله - تعالى - فى السر والعلن ( وَيَتَّقْهِ ) فى كل الأحوال ( فأولئك ) الذين يفعلون ذلك ( هُمُ الفآئزون ) بالنعيم المقيم ، والرضوان العظيم .

يقول تعالى ذكره: ( وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ) فيما أمره ونهاه، ويسلم لحكمهما له وعليه، ويخف عاقبة معصية الله ويحذره، ويتق عذاب الله بطاعته إياه في أمره ونهيه ( فأولئك ) يقول: فالذين يفعلون ذلك ( هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ ) برضا الله عنهم يَوم القيامة، وأمنهم من عذابه.

ومن يطع الله ورسوله ) قال ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما : فيما ساءه وسره ( ويخش الله ) على ما عمل من الذنوب . ( ويتقه ) فيما بعده ، ( فأولئك هم الفائزون ) الناجون ، قرأ أبو عمرو وأبو بكر " يتقه " ساكنة الهاء ، ويختلسها أبو جعفر ويعقوب وقالون ، كما في نظائرها ويشبعها الباقون كسرا ، وقرأ حفص " يتقه " بسكون القاف واختلاس الهاء ، وهذه اللغة إذا سقطت الياء للجزم يسكنون ما قبلها ، يقولون : لم أشتر طعاما بسكون الراء .

وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَخْشَ اللَّهَ وَيَتَّقْهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ (52)الواو اعتراضية أو عاطفة على جملة { وأولئك هم المفلحون } [ النور : 51 ] . والتقدير : وهم الفائزون . فجاء نظم الكلام على هذا الإطناب ليحصل تعميم الحكم والمحكوم عليه . وموقع هذه الجملة موقع تذييل لأنها تعم ما ذكر قبلها من قول المؤمنين { سمعنا وأطعنا } [ النور : 51 ] وتشمل غيره من الطاعات بالقول أو بالفعل .و { مَن } شرطية عامة ، وجملة : { فأولئك } جواب الشرط . والفوز : الظفر بالمطلوب الصالح . والطاعة : امتثال الأوامر واجتناب النواهي .والخشية : الخوف . وهي تتعلق بالخصوص بما عسى أن يكون قد فُرّط فيه من التكاليف على أنها تعم التقصير كله .والتقوى : الحذر من مخالفة التكاليف في المستقبل .فجمعت الآية أسباب الفوز في الآخرة وأيضاً في الدنيا .وصيغة الحصر للتعريض بالذين أعرضوا إذا دعوا إلى الله ورسوله وهي على وزن صيغة القصر التي تقدمتها .

ولما ذكر فضل الطاعة في الحكم خصوصا، ذكر فضلها عموما، في جميع الأحوال، فقال: { وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ } فيصدق خبرهما ويمتثل أمرهما، { وَيَخْشَ اللَّهَ } أي: يخافه خوفا مقرونا بمعرفة، فيترك ما نهى عنه، ويكف نفسه عما تهوى، ولهذا قال: { وَيَتَّقْهِ } بترك المحظور، لأن التقوى -عند الإطلاق- يدخل فيها، فعل المأمور، وترك المنهي عنه، وعند اقترانها بالبر أو الطاعة - كما في هذا الموضع - تفسر بتوقي عذاب الله، بترك معاصيه، { فَأُولَئِكَ } الذين جمعوا بين طاعة الله وطاعة رسوله، وخشية الله وتقواه، { هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ } بنجاتهم من العذاب، لتركهم أسبابه، ووصولهم إلى الثواب، لفعلهم أسبابه، فالفوز محصور فيهم، وأما من لم يتصف بوصفهم، فإنه يفوته من الفوز بحسب ما قصر عنه من هذه الأوصاف الحميدة، واشتملت هذه الآية، على الحق المشترك بين الله وبين رسوله، وهو: الطاعة المستلزمة للإيمان، والحق المختص بالله، وهو: الخشية والتقوى، وبقي الحق الثالث المختص بالرسول، وهو التعزير والتوقير، كما جمع بين الحقوق الثلاثة في سورة الفتح في قوله: { لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا }

قوله تعالى : ومن يطع الله ورسوله ويخش الله ويتقه فأولئك هم الفائزونقوله تعالى : ومن يطع الله ورسوله فيما أمر به وحكم . ويخش الله ويتقه قرأ حفص ويتقه بإسكان القاف على نية الجزم ؛ قال الشاعر :ومن يتق فإن الله معه ورزق الله مؤتاب وغاديوكسرها الباقون ، لأن جزمه بحذف آخره . وأسكن الهاء أبو عمرو ، وأبو بكر . واختلس الكسرة يعقوب ، وقالون ، عن نافع ، والبستي ، عن أبي عمرو ، وحفص . وأشبع كسرة الهاء الباقون .[ ص: 274 ] فأولئك هم الفائزون ذكر أسلم أن عمر بينما هو قائم في مسجد النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وإذا رجل من دهاقين الروم قائم على رأسه وهو يقول : أنا أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدا رسول الله . فقال له عمر : ما شأنك ؟ قال : أسلمت لله . قال : هل لهذا سبب ؟ قال : نعم إني قرأت التوراة والزبور والإنجيل وكثيرا من كتب الأنبياء ، فسمعت أسيرا يقرأ آية من القرآن جمع فيها كل ما في الكتب المتقدمة ، فعلمت أنه من عند الله فأسلمت . قال : ما هذه الآية ؟ قال قوله تعالى : ومن يطع الله في الفرائض ورسوله في السنن ويخش الله فيما مضى من عمره ويتقه فيما بقي من عمره : فأولئك هم الفائزون والفائز من نجا من النار وأدخل الجنة . فقال عمر : قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : أوتيت جوامع الكلم .

The believer is one who makes himself subservient to God and His Prophet. The moment the decision of God and His Prophet is made known to him, he unhesitatingly complies with it, irrespective of whether it is in accordance with his wishes or against them, whether it protects his personal interests or harms them. In the life Hereafter, success will crown one who bows down before the commandments of God and His Prophet and whose realisation of God is such that he fears Him the most; to save himself from the displeasure of God becomes the greatest concern of his life.

Four conditions for success and victory وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّـهَ وَرَ‌سُولَهُ وَيَخْشَ اللَّـهَ وَيَتَّقْهِ فَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ ﴿52﴾ And whoever obeys, Allah and His messenger and has awe of Him and observes Tagwa of Him, then such people are the victorious. [ 52] In this verse it is declared that those who bind themselves to follow these four things are the ones who are successful and victorious in this world and the Hereafter. An astonishing incident An incident of Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ is reported in Tafsir Qurtubi, which explains the difference between these four things and puts them in right perspective. It so happened that one day Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ was standing in the Prophet's mosque, when suddenly a Roman villager appeared and stood beside him, and said انا اَشھَدُ اَنَّ لا إله إلا اللہ و اَشھَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدَاً رَّسُولُ اَلله . Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ inquired ` What is the matter?' He replied ` I have accepted Islam for Allah's sake'. Then Sayyidna Umar ؓ asked if there was any reason for that, to which he replied in the affirmative, and elaborated that he had read Torah, Injil, Zabur and a number of other books brought by past messengers. But lately he had heard a verse of the Holy Qur'an recited by a Muslim prisoner and realized that in that small verse all the older books have been condensed. So, he was convinced that it was Allah's revelation. Then Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ enquired from him about the verse he was referring to, and he recited this very verse. That Roman villager also gave a very astonishing commentary of the verse, which goes like this: وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّـهَ وَرَ‌سُولَهُ وَيَخْشَ اللَّـهَ فَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ ﴿52﴾ And whoever obeys Allah and His messenger and has awe of Him and observes Tagwa of Him, then such people are the victorious. [ 52] This مَن يُطِعِ اللَّـهَ relates to the obligations toward Allah and وَرَ‌سُولَهُ refers to Prophet's traditions, and يَخْشَ اللَّـهَ alludes toward past life and وَيَتَّقْهِ is purported for the remaining life. When someone acts upon these four things he is given the good tiding of فَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ (that such people are the victorious). And Fa'iz is that person who gets deliverance from Jahannam and earns a place in the Paradise. After hearing this explanation Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ said the endorsement of this is available in the utterance of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، who had said that اُوتیت جوامع الکلم Allah has graced me with such comprehensive expressions in which words are few but the meanings are vast'. (Qurtubi)

And Allah also revealed about 'Uthman Ibn 'Affan when he said: �O Messenger of Allah! If you so wish, I will give up all my wealth� and so Allah said: (He who obeyeth Allah and His messenger) in His judgement, (and feareth Allah) in that which has passed, (and keepeth duty (unto Him)) in the future: (such indeed are the victorious) they have gained Paradise and are saved from the Fire.