The Poets — Verse 165
26:165 · ash-Shu`ara`
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أَتَأۡتُونَ ٱلذُّكۡرَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ ١٦٥
atatūna l-dhuk'rāna mina l-ʿālamīn
The Poets / ash-Shu`ara` (26:165)
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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
Must you, unlike [other] people, lust after male
atatūna l-dhuk'rāna mina l-ʿālamīn
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Tafsir Commentary
Lut's Denunciation of His People's Deeds, Their Response and Their Punishment
The Prophet of Allah forbade them from committing evil deeds and intercourse with males, and he taught them that they should have intercourse with their wives whom Allah had created for them. Their response was only to say:
لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ يلُوطُ
(If you cease not, O Lut,) meaning, `if you do not give up what you have brought,'
لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُخْرَجِينَ
(verily, you will be one of those who are driven out!) meaning, `we will expel you from among us.' This is like the Ayah,
فَمَا كَانَ جَوَابَ قَوْمِهِ إِلاَّ أَن قَالُواْ أَخْرِجُواْ ءَالَ لُوطٍ مِّن قَرْيَتِكُمْ إِنَّهمْ أُنَاسٌ يَتَطَهَّرُونَ
(There was no other answer given by his people except that they said: "Drive out the family of Lut from your city. Verily, these are men who want to be clean and pure!") (27:56). When he saw that they would not give up their ways, and that they were persisting in their misguidance, he declared his innocence of them, saying:
إِنِّى لِعَمَلِكُمْ مِّنَ الْقَـلِينَ
(I am, indeed, of those who disapprove with severe anger and fury) `Of those who are outraged, I do not like it and I do not accept it, and I have nothing to do with you. ' Then he prayed to Allah against them and said:
رَبِّ نَّجِنِى وَأَهْلِى مِمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ
(My Lord! Save me and my family from what they do.) Allah says:
فَنَجَّيْنَـهُ وَأَهْلَهُ أَجْمَعِينَ - إِلاَّ عَجُوزاً فِى الْغَـبِرِينَ
(So, We saved him and his family, all. Except an old woman among those who remained behind.) This was his wife, who was a bad old woman. She stayed behind and was destroyed with whoever else was left. This is similar to what Allah says about them in Surat Al-A`raf and Surah Hud, and in Surat Al-Hijr, where Allah commanded him to take his family at night, except for his wife, and not to turn around when they heard the Sayhah as it came upon his people. So they patiently obeyed the command of Allah and persevered, and Allah sent upon the people a punishment which struck them all, and rained upon them stones of baked clay, piled up. Allah says:
ثُمَّ دَمَّرْنَا الاٌّخَرِينَ وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَّطَرًا
(Then afterward We destroyed the others. And We rained on them a rain) until Allah's saying;
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
(And verily, your Lord, He is indeed the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. )
كَذَّبَ أَصْحَـبُ لْـَيْكَةِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ - إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ شُعَيْبٌ أَلاَ تَتَّقُونَ إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ
What! Of all people you come unto males to fornicate
أتنكحون الذكور مِن بني آدم، وتتركون ما خلق الله لاستمتاعكم وتناسلكم مِن أزواجكم؟ بل أنتم قوم - بهذه المعصية- متجاوزون ما أباحه الله لكم من الحلال إلى الحرام.
لما نهاهم نبي الله عن ارتكاب الفواحش وغشيانهم الذكور وأرشدهم إلى إتيان نسائهم اللاتي خلقهن الله لهم ما كان جوابهم له.
ثم نهاهم عن أبرز الرذائل التى ، كانت متفشية فيهم فقال : ( أَتَأْتُونَ الذكران مِنَ العالمين وَتَذَرُونَ مَا خَلَقَ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَادُونَ ) .والاستفهام للإنكار والتقريع والذكران : جمع ذكر وهو ضد الأنثى .والعادون جمع عاد . يقال : عدا فلان فى الأمر يعدو ، إذا تجاوز الحد فى الظلم .أى : قال لوط لقومه : أبلغ بكم انحطاط الفطرة ، وانتكاس الطبيعة ، أنكم تأتون الذكور الفاحشة ، وتتركون نساءكم اللائى أحلهن الله - تعالى - لكم ، وجعلهن الطريق الطبيعى للنسل وعمارة الكون .إنكم بهذا الفعل القبيح الذميم ، تكونون قد تعديتم حدود الله - تعالى - وتجاوزتم ما أحله الله لكم ، إلى ما حرمه عليكم .
يعني بقوله: ( أَتَأْتُونَ الذُّكْرَانَ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ ) : أتنكحون الذكران من بني آدم في أدبارهم.
( أتأتون الذكران ) قال مقاتل : يعني جماع الرجال . ( من العالمين ) يعني من بني آدم .
أَتَأْتُونَ الذُّكْرَانَ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ (165) هو في الاستئناف كقوله { أتتركون } [ الشعراء : 146 ] في قصة ثمود . والإتيان : كناية . والذكران : جمع ذَكر وهو ضد الأنثى . وقوله : { من العالمين } الأظهر فيه أنه في موضع الحال من الواو في { أتأتون } . و { مِن } فَصْلية ، أي تفيد معنى الفصل بين متخالفَين بحيث لا يماثل أحدهما الآخر . فالمعنى : مفصولين من العَالمين لا يماثلكم في ذلك صنف من العالمين . وهذا المعنى جوزه في «الكشاف» ثانياً وهو أوفق بمعنى : { العالمين } الذي المختار فيه أنه جمع ( عالَم ) بمعنى النوع من المخلوقات كما تقدم في سورة الفاتحة .وإثبات معنى الفصل لحرف { مِن } قاله ابن مالك ، ومثَّل بقوله تعالى : { والله يعلم المفسد من المصلح } [ البقرة : 220 ] ، وقوله : { لِيَمِيزَ الله الخبيثَ من الطيب } [ الأنفال : 37 ] . ونظر فيه ابن هشام في «مغني اللبيب» وهو معنى رشيق متوسط بين معنى الابتداء ومعنى البدلية وليس أحدهما . وقد تقدم بيانه عند قوله تعالى { والله يعلم المفسد من المصلح } في سورة البقرة ( 220 ) . فهذا تنبيه على أن هذا الفعل الفظيع مخالف للفطرة لا يقع من الحيوان العُجْم فهو عمل ابتدعوه ما فعله غيرهم ، ونحوه قوله تعالى في الآية الأخرى { إنكم لتأتون الفاحشة ما سبقكم بها من أحد من العالمين } [ العنكبوت : 28 ] .والمراد بالأزواج : الإناث من نوع ، وإطلاق اسم الأزواج عليهن مجاز مرسل بعلاقة الأول ، ففي هذا المجاز تعريض بأنه يرجو ارعِوَاءهم .
قال لهم وقالوا كما قال من قبلهم, تشابهت قلوبهم في الكفر, فتشابهت أقوالهم، وكانوا - مع شركهم - يأتون فاحشة لم يسبقهم إليها أحد من العالمين، يختارون نكاح الذكران, المستقذر الخبيث, ويرغبون عما خلق لهم من أزواجهم لإسرافهم وعدوانهم فلم يزل ينهاهم حتى قَالُوا له لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ يَا لُوطُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُخْرَجِينَ أي: من البلد، فلما رأى استمرارهم عليه قَالَ إِنِّي لِعَمَلِكُمْ مِنَ الْقَالِينَ أي: المبغضين له الناهين عنه، المحذرين.
كانوا ينكحونهم في أدبارهم وكانوا يفعلون ذلك بالغرباء على ما تقدم " في الأعراف " .
The community in which Lot appeared, had crossed all limits in debauchery. Not being content with their wives, they had started indulging in homosexuality. Lot taught them God-worship and piety and attempted to dissuade them from indulging in evil deeds. Lot appeared in the community as a preacher whose personality was entirely free of falsehood and he never indulged in loose talk. Also, he completely abstained from raising matters of material interest. These events were enough to establish that Lot was fully serious about whatever he was saying. But as he spoke out against the behaviour of the community, they became his enemies. For Lot’s words to carry any weight, it was necessary for the people to fear God. But the people of his community had become completely devoid of this very virtue. Then, how could they pay attention to the prophet’s teachings?
Commentary
وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا فَارِهِينَ ﴿149﴾And you hew out houses from the hills with pride. [ 149]
According to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، the word فَارِهِينَ (Farihin) means arrogant and conceited people. But Abu Salih and Imam Raghib have taken this word to mean experts. Therefore, the meaning of the verse is that Allah Ta’ ala has favoured you by teaching such skills that you could make houses by cutting hills. The essence of all this is that you should remember the bounties of Allah Ta’ ala and should not make mischief and trouble on earth.
Useful vocations are Divine Graces provided they are not employed in bad things
This verse indicates that nice vocations are Allah's Graces, and to draw benefit from them is lawful. But if they are used for some sinful purpose or in an unlawful act, or if someone gets involved in them with unnecessary concentration, then it is not lawful to adopt them. An example of unnecessary construction of tall buildings and its contempt has just been mentioned in the previous verses.
What! Of all creatures do ye come unto the males) for sexual intercourse,