Between Musa and Fir`awn
Allah tells us what He commanded His servant, son of `Imran and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, who spoke with Him, to do, when He called him from the right side of the mountain, and conversed with him, and chose him, sent him, and commanded him to go to Fir`awn and his people. Allah says:
وَإِذْ نَادَى رَبُّكَ مُوسَى أَنِ ائْتَ الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ - قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَلا يَتَّقُونَ - قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى أَخَافُ أَن يُكَذِّبُونِ - وَيَضِيقُ صَدْرِى وَلاَ يَنطَلِقُ لِسَانِى فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَى هَـرُونَ - وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ
(And when your Lord called Musa: "Go to the people who are wrongdoers. The people of Fir`awn. Will they not have Taqwa" He said: "My Lord! Verily, I fear that they will deny me, And my breast straitens, and my tongue expresses not well. So send for Harun. And they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear they will kill me.") So, Musa asked Allah to remove these difficulties for him, as he said in Surah Ta Ha:
قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى
(Musa said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest. And ease my task for me.") (20:25-26) until:
قَدْ أُوتِيتَ سُؤْلَكَ يمُوسَى
(You are granted your request, O Musa!) (20:36)
وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ
(And they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear they will kill me.) because he had killed that Egyptian, which was the reason that he left the land of Egypt.
قَالَ كَلاَّ
((Allah) said: "Nay!...") Allah told him: do not be afraid of anything like that. This is like the Ayah,
سَنَشُدُّ عَضُدَكَ بِأَخِيكَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَكُمَا سُلْطَـناً
(Allah said: "We will strengthen your arm through your brother, and give you both power) meaning, proof;
فَلاَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَيْكُمَا بِـْايَـتِنَآ أَنتُمَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكُمَا الْغَـلِبُونَ
(so they shall not be able to harm you, with Our signs, you two as well as those who follow you will be the victors) (28:35),
فَاذْهَبَا بِـَايَـتِنَآ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُّسْتَمِعُونَ
(Go you both with Our signs. Verily, We shall be with you, listening.) This is like the Ayah,
إِنَّنِى مَعَكُمَآ أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى
(I am with you both, hearing and seeing) (20:46). Meaning, `I will be with you by My protection, care, support and help.'
فَأْتِيَا فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولا إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
(And go both of you to Fir`awn, and say: `We are the Messengers of the Lord of the all that exists.') This is like the Ayah,
إِنَّا رَسُولاَ رَبِّكَ
(Verily, we are both Messengers of your Lord) (20:47). which means, `both of us have been sent to you,'
أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ
(So allow the Children of Israel to go with us.) Meaning, `let them go, free them from your captivity, subjugation and torture, for they are the believing servants of Allah, devoted to Him, and with you they are in a position of humiliating torture.' When Musa said that to him, Fir`awn turned away and ignored him completely, regarding him with scorn and thinking little of him. Saying:
أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيداً
(Did we not bring you up among us as a child) meaning, we brought you up among us, in our home and on our bed, we nourished you and did favors for you for many years, and after all that you responded to our kindness in this manner: you killed one of our men and denied our favors to you.' So he said to him:
وَأَنتَ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ
(While you were one of the ingrates.) meaning, one of those who deny favors. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and was the view favored by Ibn Jarir.
قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَآ إِذاً
((Musa) said: "I did it then...") meaning, at that time,
وَأَنَاْ مِنَ الضَّآلِّينَ
(when I was in error.) meaning, `before revelation was sent to me and before Allah made me a Prophet and sent me with this Message.'
فَفَرَرْتُ مِنكُمْ لَمَّا خِفْتُكُمْ فَوَهَبَ لِى رَبِّى حُكْماً وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
(So, I fled from you when I feared you. But my Lord has granted me Hukm, and made me one of the Messengers.) means, `the first situation came to an end and another took its place. Now Allah has sent me to you, and if you obey Him, you will be safe, but if you oppose Him, you will be destroyed.' Then Musa said:
وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَىَّ أَنْ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ
(And this is the past favor with which you reproach me, -- that you have enslaved the Children of Israel.) meaning, `whatever favors you did in bringing me up are offset by the evil you did by enslaving the Children of Israel and using them to do your hard labor. Is there any comparison between your favors to one man among them and the evil you have done to all of them What you have mentioned about me is nothing compared to what you have done to them.'
That is a favour with which you now reproach me that you have enslaved the Children of Israel’ an ‘abbadta banī Isrā’īl is explicative of tilka ‘that’ in other words you have enslaved them but not me there is no favour in that for your enslavement of them is wrong some scholars have reckoned there to be an interrogative hamza of denial at the beginning of this verse a-tilka ni‘matun ‘is that a favour?’.
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel.When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: �Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?�In denial Moses answered, �Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?�
قال موسى مجيبًا لفرعون: فعلتُ ما ذكرتَ قبل أن يوحي الله إلي، ويبعثني رسولا فخرجت من بينكم فارًّا إلى "مدين"، لـمَّا خفت أن تقتلوني بما فعلتُ من غير عَمْد، فوهب لي ربي تفضلا منه النبوة والعلم، وجعلني من المرسلين. وتلك التربية في بيتك تَعُدُّها نعمة منك عليَّ، وقد جعلت بني إسرائيل عبيدًا تذبح أبناءهم وتستحيي نساءهم؟
ثم قال موسى "وتلك نعمة تمنها علي أن عبدت بني إسرائيل" أي وما أحسنت إلي وربيتني مقابل ما أسأت إلى بني إسرائيل فجعلتهم عبيدا وخدما تصرفهم في أعمالك ومشاق رعيتك أفيفي إحسانك إلى رجل واحد منهم بما أسأت إلى مجموعهم أي ليس ما ذكرته شيئا بالنسبة إلى ما فعلت بهم.
ثم أضاف موسى - عليه السلام - إلى هذا الرد الملزم فرعون ، ردا آخر أشد إلزاما وتوبيخا فقال : ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) .واسم الإشارة ( تِلْكَ ) يعود إلى التربية المفهومة من قوله - تعالى - قبل ذلك : ( أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيداً . . . الخ ) .وقوله ( تَمُنُّهَا ) صفة للخير و ( أَنْ عَبَّدتَّ ) عطف بيان للمبتدأ موضح له .وهذا الكلام من موسى - عليه السلام - يرى بعضهم أنه قال على وجهة الاعتراف له بالنعمة ، فكأنه يقول له : تلك التربية التى ربيتها لى نعمة منك على ، ولكن ذلك لا يمنع من أن أكون رسولا من الله - تعالى - إليك ، لكى تقلع عن كفرك ، ولكى ترسل معنا بنى إسرائيل .ويرى آخرون أن هذا الكلام من موسى لفرعون ، إنما قاله على سبيل التهكم به ، والإنكار عليه فيما امتن به عليه ، فكأنه يقول له : إن ما تمنّ به على هو فى الحقيقة نقمة ، وإلا فأية منة لك علىّ فى استعبادك لقومى وأنا واحد منهم ، إن خوف أمى من قتلك لى هو الذى حملها على أن تلقى بى فى البحر ، وتربيتى فى بيتك كانت لأسباب خارجة عن قدرتك . .ويبدو لنا أن هذا الرأى أقرب إلى الصواب ، لأنه هو المناسب لسياق القصة ، ولذا قال صاحب الكشاف عند تفسيره لهذه الآية : " ثم كر موسى على امتنان فرعون عليه بالتربية فأبطله من أصله ، واستأصله من سِنْخِه - أى : من أساسه - ، وأبى أن يسمى نعمته إلا نقمة . حيث بين أن حقيقة إنعامه عليه تعبيد بنى إسرائيل ، لأن تعبيدهم وقصدهم بالذبح لأبنائهم هو السبب فى حصوله عنده وتربيته ، فكأنه امتن عليه بتعبيد قومه ، وتذليلهم واتخاذهم خدما له . . . " .
يقول تعالى ذكره مخبرا عن قيل نبيه موسى صلى الله عليه وسلم لفرعون ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ ) يعني بقوله: وتلك تربية فرعون إياه, يقول: وتربيتك إياي, وتركك استعبادي, كما استعبدت بني إسرائيل نعمة منك تمنها عليّ بحقّ. وفي الكلام محذوف استغني بدلالة ما ذكر عليه عنه, وهو: وتلك نعمة تمنها علي أن عبدت بني إسرائيل وتركتني, فلم تستعبدني, فترك ذكر " وتركتني" لدلالة قوله ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) عليه, والعرب تفعل ذلك اختصارا للكلام, ونظير ذلك في الكلام أن يستحق رجلان من ذي سلطان عقوبة, فيعاقب أحدهما, ويعفو عن الآخر, فيقول المعفو عنه هذه نعمة علي من الأمير أن عاقب فلانا, وتركني, ثم حذف " وتركني" لدلالة الكلام عليه, ولأن في قوله: ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وجهين: أحدهما النصب, لتعلق " تمنها " بها, وإذا كانت نصبا كان معنى الكلام: وتلك نعمة تمنها علي لتعبدك بني إسرائيل. والآخر: الرفع على أنها ردّ على النعمة. وإذا كانت رفعا كان معنى الكلام: وتلك نعمة تمنها عليّ تعبيدك بني إسرائيل. ويعني بقوله: ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) : أن اتخذتهم عبيدا لك. يقال منه: عبدت العبيد وأعبدتهم, قال الشاعر:عَـلامَ يُعْبِـدنِي قَـومِي وقـدْ كَـثُرَتْفِيهــا أبـاعِرُ مـا شـاءُوا وَعُبْـدَانُ (1)وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد: ( تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) قال: قهرتهم واستعملتهم.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, قال: تمن علي أن عبَّدت بني إسرائيل, قال: قهرت وغلبت واستعملت بني إسرائيل.حدثنا موسى بن هارون, قال: ثنا عمرو, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ: ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وربيتني قبل وليدا.وقال آخرون: هذا استفهام كان من موسى لفرعون, كأنه قال: أتمنّ عليّ أن اتخذت بني إسرائيل عبيدا.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا الحسن, قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة, في قوله: ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ ) قال: يقول موسى لفرعون: أتمنّ عليّ أن اتخذت أنت بني إسرائيل عبيدا.واختلف أهل العربية في ذلك, فقال بعض نحويي البصرة: وتلك نعمة تمنها عليّ, فيقال: هذا استفهام كأنه قال: أتمنها علي؟ ثم فسر فقال: ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وجعله بدلا من النعمة. وكان بعض أهل العربية ينكر هذا القول, ويقول: هو غلط من قائله لا يجوز أن يكون همز الاستفهام يلقى, وهو يطلب, فيكون الاستفهام كالخبر, قال: وقد استقبح ومعه أم, وهي دليل على الاستفهام واستقبحوا:تَــرُوحُ مــنَ الحَــيّ أمْ تَبْتَكــرْوَمــاذَا يَضُــرُّكَ لَــوْ تَنْتظــرْ? (2)قال: وقال بعضهم: هو أتروح من الحيّ, وحذف الاستفهام أوّلا اكتفاء بأم. وقال أكثرهم: بل الأوّل خبر, والثاني استفهام, وكأن " أم " إذا جاءت بعد الكلام فهي الألف, فأما وليس معه أم, فلم يقله إنسان.وقال بعض نحويي الكوفة في ذلك ما قلنا. وقال: معنى الكلام: وفعلت فعلتك التي فعلت وأنت من الكافرين لنعمتي: أي لنعمة تربيتي لك, فأجابه فقال: نعم هي نعمة عليّ أن عبدت الناس ولم تستعبدني.------------------------الهوامش :(1) البيت من شواهد (اللسان: عبد) قال: تعبد الرجل (وعبده) بتشديد الباء فيهما، وأعبده: صيره كالعبد. قال الشاعر: "ختام يعبدني قومي.." البيت.(2) البيت: لامرىء القيس بن حجر الكندي (مختار الشعر الجاهلي بشرح مصطفى السقا طبعة الحلبي ص 115) تروح: أتروح، وتبتكر: تخرج مبكرًا. يقول: أتروح إلى أهلك آخر النهار، أم تخرج إليهم بكرة، وما الذي يعجلك عن الانتظار وهو خير لك. والبيت شاهد على أنه حذف همزة الاستفهام اكتفاء بدلالة أم عليه. وبعضهم يستقبح الحذف في هذا الموضع. ويمنعه فيما يلبس بالخبر.
( وتلك نعمة تمنها علي أن عبدت بني إسرائيل ) اختلفوا في تأويلها : فحملها بعضهم على الإقرار وبعضهم على الإنكار . فمن قال هو إقرار ، قال عدها موسى نعمة منه عليه حيث رباه ، ولم يقتله كما قتل سائر غلمان بني إسرائيل ، ولم يستعبده كما استعبد بني إسرائيل مجازه : بلى وتلك نعمة علي أن عبدت بني إسرائيل ، وتركتني فلم تستعبدني . ومن قال : هو إنكار قال : قوله : وتلك نعمة هو على طريق الاستفهام ، أي : أوتلك نعمة ؟ حذف ألف الاستفهام ، كقوله : " أفهم الخالدون " ( الأنبياء - 34 ) ؟ قال الشاعرتروح من الحي أو تبتكر وماذا يضرك لو تنتظر ؟أي : أتروح من الحي ؟ قال عمر بن عبد الله بن أبي ربيعة :لم أنس يوم الرحيل وقفتها وطرفها في دموعها غرقوقولها والركاب واقفة تتركني هكذا وتنطلق ؟أي : أتتركني ، يقول : تمن علي أن ربيتني ، وتنسى جنايتك على بني إسرائيل بالاستعباد والمعاملات القبيحة ؟ . أو يريد : كيف تمن علي بالتربية وقد استعبدت قومي ، ومن أهين قومه ذل ، فتعبيدك بني إسرائيل قد أحبط إحسانك إلي . وقيل معناه تمن علي بالتربية . وقوله : ( أن عبدت بني إسرائيل ) أي : باستعبادك بني إسرائيل وقتلك أولادهم ، دفعت إليك حتى ربيتني وكفلتني ولو لم تستعبدهم وتقتلهم كان لي من أهلي من يربيني ولم يلقوني في اليم ، فأي نعمة لك علي ؟ قوله : ( عبدت ) أي : اتخذتهم عبيدا ، يقال : عبدت فلانا ، وأعبدته ، وتعبدته ، واستعبدته ، أي : اتخذته عبدا .
وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ (22)ثم عاد إلى أول الكلام فكرّ على امتنانه عليه بالتربية فأبطله وأبى أن يسميه نعمة ، فقوله : { وتلك نعمة } إشارة إلى النعمة التي اقتضاها الامتنان في كلام فرعون إذ الامتنان لا يكون إلا بنعمة .ثم إن جعلت جملة { أن عبدت } بياناً لاسم الإشارة كان ذلك لزيادة تقرير المعنى مع ما فيه من قلب مقصود فرعون وهو على حد قوله تعالى : { وقضينا إليه ذلك الأمر أنّ دابرَ هؤلاء مقطوعٌ مصبحين } [ الحجر : 66 ] إذ قوله { أن دابر هؤلاء } بيان لقوله : { ذلك الأمر } .ويجوز أن يكون { أن عبدت } في محل نصب على نزع الخافض وهو لام التعليل والتقدير : لأن عبَّدتَّ بني إسرائيل .وقيل الكلام استفهام بحذف الهمزة وهو استفهام إنكار . ومعنى { عبدت } ذَلَّلْت ، يقال : عبَّد كما يقال : أعبد بهمزة التعدية . أنشد أيمة اللغة :حتّامَ يُعْبِدني قومي وقد كَثُرتْ ... فيهم آباعِرُ ما شاءوا وَعُبدانوكلام موسى على التقادير الثلاثة نقض لامتنان فرعون بقلب النعمة نقمة بتذكيره أن نعمة تربيته ما كانت إلا بسبب إذلال بني إسرائيل إذ أمر فرعون باستئصال أطفال بني إسرائيل الذي تسبب عليه إلقاء أمّ موسى بطفلها في اليمّ حيث عثرت عليه امرأة فرعون ومن معها من حاشيتها وكانوا قد علموا أنه من أطفال إسرائيل بسِماتتِ وجهه ولون جلده ، ولذلك قالت امرأة فرعون { قُرتُ عين لي ولك لا تَقتلُوه عسى أن ينفعنا أو نتخذه ولداً } [ القصص : 9 ] . وفيه أن الإحسان إليه مع الإساءة إلى قومه لا يزيد إحساناً ولا منة .
وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ . أي: تدلي علي بهذه المنة لأنك سخرت بني إسرائيل, وجعلتهم لك بمنزلة العبيد، وأنا قد أسلمتني من تعبيدك وتسخيرك, وجعلتها علي نعمة، فعند التصور, يتبين أن الحقيقة, أنك ظلمت هذا الشعب الفاضل, وعذبتهم وسخرتهم بأعمالك، وأنا قد سلمني الله من أذاك, مع وصول أذاك لقومي، فما هذه المنة التي تبت بها وتدلي بها؟.
قوله تعالى : وتلك نعمة تمنها علي أن عبدت بني إسرائيل اختلف الناس في معنى هذا الكلام ; فقال السدي والطبري والفراء : هذا الكلام من موسى عليه السلام على جهة الإقرار بالنعمة ; كأنه يقول : نعم ، وتربيتك نعمة علي من حيث عبدت غيري وتركتني ، ولكن لا يدفع ذلك رسالتي . وقيل : هو من موسى عليه السلام على جهة الإنكار ; أي أتمن علي بأن ربيتني وليدا وأنت قد استعبدت بني إسرائيل وقتلتهم ؟ أي ليست بنعمة ; لأن الواجب كان ألا تقتلهم ولا تستعبدهم فإنهم قومي ; فكيف تذكر إحسانك إلي على الخصوص ؟ قال معناه قتادة وغيره . وقيل : فيه تقدير استفهام ; أي أوتلك نعمة ؟ قاله الأخفش والفراء أيضا وأنكره النحاس وغيره . قال النحاس : وهذا لا يجوز لأن ألف الاستفهام تحدث معنى ، وحذفها محال إلا أن يكون في الكلام " أم " كما قال الشاعر :تروح من الحي أم تبتكرولا أعلم بين النحويين اختلافا في هذا إلا شيئا قاله الفراء . قال : يجوز ألف الاستفهام في أفعال الشك ، وحكي : ترى زيدا منطلقا ؟ بمعنى : أترى . وكان علي بن سليمان يقول في هذا : إنما أخذه من ألفاظ العامة . قال الثعلبي : قال الفراء ومن قال إنها إنكار قال معناه : أوتلك نعمة ؟ على طريق الاستفهام ; كقوله : " هذا ربي " " فهم الخالدون " قال الشاعر : [ أبو خراش الهذلي ]رفوني وقالوا يا خويلد لا ترع فقلت وأنكرت الوجوه هم هم[ ص: 92 ] وأنشد الغزنوي شاهدا على ترك الألف قولهم :لم أنس يوم الرحيل وقفتها وجفنها من دموعها شرقوقولها والركاب واقفة تركتني هكذا وتنطلققلت : ففي هذا حذف ألف الاستفهام مع عدم " أم " خلاف قول النحاس . وقال الضحاك : إن الكلام خرج مخرج التبكيت والتبكيت يكون باستفهام وبغير استفهام ; والمعنى : لو لم تقتل بني إسرائيل لرباني أبواي ; فأي نعمة لك علي ! فأنت تمن علي بما لا يجب أن تمن به . وقيل : معناه كيف تمن بالتربية وقد أهنت قومي ؟ ومن أهين قومه ذل . و ( أن عبدت ) في موضع رفع على البدل من " نعمة " ويجوز أن تكون في موضع نصب بمعنى : لأن عبدت بني إسرائيل ; أي اتخذتهم عبيدا . يقال : عبدته وأعبدته ، بمعنى ; قاله الفراء وأنشد :علام يعبدني قومي وقد كثرت فيهم أباعر ما شاءوا وعبدان
Moses called for the acceptance of Monotheism in Pharaoh’s presence and showed him the miracles of his rod and the shining bright hand. Then, in order to belittle Moses’s importance, Pharaoh reminded him of two facts about his earlier life—one, that Moses had been brought up in Pharaoh’s house in his childhood and the other that he was responsible for the killing of a Copt. In reply, Moses said that his (Moses’s) being brought up in Pharaoh’s palace had occurred due to his own (Pharaoh’s) oppressive action. Since the latter had ordered the killing of the Children of Israel’s offspring, Moses’s mother put him in a basket and floated it down the river. It was Pharaoh’s wife—the queen—who then retrieved Moses from the river and brought him up in her palace. As for the killing of the Copt, Moses said that he had not done it purposely. He had been defending his Israelite brother from the violent aggression of the Copt when the latter died accidentally. After this incident, Moses left Egypt and went to Madyan where he lived for many years. Perhaps it was necessary for Moses’s training to leave the artificial atmosphere of the city and to spend a few years in the free atmosphere of a village. When he was on his way back from Madyan to Egypt, Almighty God conferred prophethood upon him.
أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
That you must send the children of Isra'i1 with us". (26:17)
Bani Isra'il were the residents of Syria. They wanted to go back to their land but the Pharaoh would not let them. This way four hundred years had passed and they were living in his bondage like slaves. At that time they were six hundred and thirty thousand in number. Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) when presented the message of Truth to the Pharaoh, he also asked him to stop all the cruelties he had perpetrated over Bani Isra'il and to let them go to their homeland. (Qurtubi)
An example of prophetic dialectic
Discussion and debate among two different persons or group of people having divergent views has been in vogue since the time immemorial. Such debates are called مُنَاظرہ munazarah (dialectics) in conventional terms. But such dialectics have been reduced to a game of win or lose. People regard the outcome of dialectics should be to come out winner, even though one knows that he is on the wrong. Despite the knowledge of being on the wrong one must keep on pressing his point of view, and use the intelligence to throw in all sorts of arguments to prove his point as correct. Similarly, even if the opponents point is correct, it must be rejected with full force. In contrast to this attitude Islam has given a middle of the road stance, and set out its rules and regulations, thus making it a useful tool for preaching and reform.
A simple example of this can be seen in the above verses. When Sayyidna Musa and Harun (علیہما السلام) conveyed the invitation of Truth to the mighty the Pharaoh, who was claimant of being god, in his court, he began the opposing conversation with two questions relating to the person of Musa's (علیہ السلام) . When a sharp opponent is not properly equipped with the correct arguments, he normally tries to switch the conversation towards the person of the addressee in order to find faults with him. This tactic is employed to embarrass the opponent and to make him look small before the audience. Hence, the Pharaoh also came out with two such points. First, ` We have brought you up in our household and have done so many favours to you. So, how can you have the face to speak before us. Second, ` You have killed an Egyptian for no fault of his. This is not only cruelty but also ingratitude toward those among whom you are raised to your manhood. You have killed one from among us.' Now see the prophetic reply of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and how he handled the two subjects. In the first place he changed the sequence of the topics in that he brought up the case of the Egyptian first which the Pharaoh had raised latter. The wisdom in changing the sequence appears to be that in the Egyptian's case there was a weakness on his part, but he preferred to take that first, unlike present day tactics where one tries to avoid a direct reply to confuse the issue. But he, being the messenger of Allah, had nothing to hide, so while replying he accepted his weakness, and did not care at all what people in the opposition would think on acceptance of his mistake, and hence, might take it as acceptance of defeat. This course of action was totally contrary to present day tactics when people try to mix up their weakness in a manner that it is camouflaged.
Although Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) had accepted his fault while replying to the Pharaoh that it was his misjudgment when he hit the Egyptian and as a result he died, yet he made it very clear that he did not intend to kill him. His intention was right which unfortunately resulted in the wrong. The purpose of his hitting the Egyptian was to prevent him from harming the Isra'ili but in the process he died, which was not the intention. This act of his, despite being wrong, does not conflict with his claim to be a prophet or contradicts its veracity. So, he said ` that he realized his mistake and left the city for the fear of being caught. Then Allah was kind to him and honoured him with the prophethood.
Now the point to ponder is that at that time Musa (علیہ السلام) could have adopted the simple and straightforward course and have claimed that the Egyptian deserved death, and would have charged him with such accusations for which his killing was the right action. There was no one present at the time of the incident, so no one could have contradicted him. Anyone else in his place would have certainly taken this course of action. But here it was the resolute messenger of Allah who was the truth personified and who regarded expression of truth and veracity and the declaration of fact as his victory. He accepted his guilt in the packed court of the foe and in doing that also countered any possibility of doubt on his prophethood.
After that he turned to the second point regarding his upbringing in the Pharaoh's house, upon which the Pharaoh had stressed to remind his favour to him. Musa (علیہ السلام) asked him to ponder over his position as, being an Israelite, he had no occasion to reach the royal place of the Pharaoh. It was the cruelty of the Pharaoh that compelled the mother of Musa I to throw her baby into the river, then it was by chance that the Pharaoh picked him up, and in reality it was a wise arrangement made by Allah, that the child for the fear of whom the Pharaoh had slaughtered thousands of children, was caused to be nourished by the same the Pharaoh. But in any case, the real cause of his upbringing in the home of the Pharaoh was the cruelty exercised by him against the Israelites. Musa (علیہ السلام) pointing out to this fact, invited the Pharaoh to ponder whether this was really a favour with which he was obliging him. It is obvious that this prophetic address left a positive and convincing impression on the minds of people present there, and they were convinced that Musa (علیہ السلام) was not the sort of person who would make excuses, and that he would say nothing but the truth. After that when they saw the miracles, their view was confirmed further. At that time although the Pharaoh did not admit the truth, yet he was so overwhelmed and apprehensive that just two persons without having the support of a third, would turn him and his people out of their land and country.
This is what is known as God gifted awe of truth, veracity and reality. The contentions and dialectics of Allah's messengers are also full of truth, veracity and wishing well for the addressee. That is how they become so appealing to people and convince the biggest defiant
(And this is the past favour wherewith) with which (thou reproachest me) O Pharaoh, but you do not recall your aloofness towards me: (that thou hast enslaved the Children of Israel.
Between Musa and Fir`awn
Allah tells us what He commanded His servant, son of `Imran and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, who spoke with Him, to do, when He called him from the right side of the mountain, and conversed with him, and chose him, sent him, and commanded him to go to Fir`awn and his people. Allah says:
وَإِذْ نَادَى رَبُّكَ مُوسَى أَنِ ائْتَ الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ - قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَلا يَتَّقُونَ - قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى أَخَافُ أَن يُكَذِّبُونِ - وَيَضِيقُ صَدْرِى وَلاَ يَنطَلِقُ لِسَانِى فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَى هَـرُونَ - وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ
(And when your Lord called Musa: "Go to the people who are wrongdoers. The people of Fir`awn. Will they not have Taqwa" He said: "My Lord! Verily, I fear that they will deny me, And my breast straitens, and my tongue expresses not well. So send for Harun. And they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear they will kill me.") So, Musa asked Allah to remove these difficulties for him, as he said in Surah Ta Ha:
قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى
(Musa said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest. And ease my task for me.") (20:25-26) until:
قَدْ أُوتِيتَ سُؤْلَكَ يمُوسَى
(You are granted your request, O Musa!) (20:36)
وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ
(And they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear they will kill me.) because he had killed that Egyptian, which was the reason that he left the land of Egypt.
قَالَ كَلاَّ
((Allah) said: "Nay!...") Allah told him: do not be afraid of anything like that. This is like the Ayah,
سَنَشُدُّ عَضُدَكَ بِأَخِيكَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَكُمَا سُلْطَـناً
(Allah said: "We will strengthen your arm through your brother, and give you both power) meaning, proof;
فَلاَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَيْكُمَا بِـْايَـتِنَآ أَنتُمَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكُمَا الْغَـلِبُونَ
(so they shall not be able to harm you, with Our signs, you two as well as those who follow you will be the victors) (28:35),
فَاذْهَبَا بِـَايَـتِنَآ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُّسْتَمِعُونَ
(Go you both with Our signs. Verily, We shall be with you, listening.) This is like the Ayah,
إِنَّنِى مَعَكُمَآ أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى
(I am with you both, hearing and seeing) (20:46). Meaning, `I will be with you by My protection, care, support and help.'
فَأْتِيَا فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولا إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
(And go both of you to Fir`awn, and say: `We are the Messengers of the Lord of the all that exists.') This is like the Ayah,
إِنَّا رَسُولاَ رَبِّكَ
(Verily, we are both Messengers of your Lord) (20:47). which means, `both of us have been sent to you,'
أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ
(So allow the Children of Israel to go with us.) Meaning, `let them go, free them from your captivity, subjugation and torture, for they are the believing servants of Allah, devoted to Him, and with you they are in a position of humiliating torture.' When Musa said that to him, Fir`awn turned away and ignored him completely, regarding him with scorn and thinking little of him. Saying:
أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيداً
(Did we not bring you up among us as a child) meaning, we brought you up among us, in our home and on our bed, we nourished you and did favors for you for many years, and after all that you responded to our kindness in this manner: you killed one of our men and denied our favors to you.' So he said to him:
وَأَنتَ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ
(While you were one of the ingrates.) meaning, one of those who deny favors. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and was the view favored by Ibn Jarir.
قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَآ إِذاً
((Musa) said: "I did it then...") meaning, at that time,
وَأَنَاْ مِنَ الضَّآلِّينَ
(when I was in error.) meaning, `before revelation was sent to me and before Allah made me a Prophet and sent me with this Message.'
فَفَرَرْتُ مِنكُمْ لَمَّا خِفْتُكُمْ فَوَهَبَ لِى رَبِّى حُكْماً وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
(So, I fled from you when I feared you. But my Lord has granted me Hukm, and made me one of the Messengers.) means, `the first situation came to an end and another took its place. Now Allah has sent me to you, and if you obey Him, you will be safe, but if you oppose Him, you will be destroyed.' Then Musa said:
وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَىَّ أَنْ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ
(And this is the past favor with which you reproach me, -- that you have enslaved the Children of Israel.) meaning, `whatever favors you did in bringing me up are offset by the evil you did by enslaving the Children of Israel and using them to do your hard labor. Is there any comparison between your favors to one man among them and the evil you have done to all of them What you have mentioned about me is nothing compared to what you have done to them.'
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel. When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: “Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?” In denial Moses answered, “Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?”
And the blessing that you have laid on me as a favor is that you have enslaved the Chil- dren of Israel.When Moses came to Pharaoh, inviting him to tawḤīd and making manifest a few signs and mira- cles for him, Pharaoh refused to accept tawḤīd, and then he laid gratitude and obligation on Moses: �Was it not I who brought you up from childhood and conveyed you to adulthood?�In denial Moses answered, �Why are laying gratitude on me for the fact that you took the Children of Israel into servanthood? Indeed, who can take servants and act as a lord other than the God of the world's folk, the Enactor of the universe and its folk?�
يقول تعالى ذكره مخبرا عن قيل نبيه موسى صلى الله عليه وسلم لفرعون ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ ) يعني بقوله: وتلك تربية فرعون إياه, يقول: وتربيتك إياي, وتركك استعبادي, كما استعبدت بني إسرائيل نعمة منك تمنها عليّ بحقّ. وفي الكلام محذوف استغني بدلالة ما ذكر عليه عنه, وهو: وتلك نعمة تمنها علي أن عبدت بني إسرائيل وتركتني, فلم تستعبدني, فترك ذكر " وتركتني" لدلالة قوله ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) عليه, والعرب تفعل ذلك اختصارا للكلام, ونظير ذلك في الكلام أن يستحق رجلان من ذي سلطان عقوبة, فيعاقب أحدهما, ويعفو عن الآخر, فيقول المعفو عنه هذه نعمة علي من الأمير أن عاقب فلانا, وتركني, ثم حذف " وتركني" لدلالة الكلام عليه, ولأن في قوله: ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وجهين: أحدهما النصب, لتعلق " تمنها " بها, وإذا كانت نصبا كان معنى الكلام: وتلك نعمة تمنها علي لتعبدك بني إسرائيل. والآخر: الرفع على أنها ردّ على النعمة. وإذا كانت رفعا كان معنى الكلام: وتلك نعمة تمنها عليّ تعبيدك بني إسرائيل. ويعني بقوله: ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) : أن اتخذتهم عبيدا لك. يقال منه: عبدت العبيد وأعبدتهم, قال الشاعر:عَـلامَ يُعْبِـدنِي قَـومِي وقـدْ كَـثُرَتْفِيهــا أبـاعِرُ مـا شـاءُوا وَعُبْـدَانُ (1)وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد: ( تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) قال: قهرتهم واستعملتهم.حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, قال: تمن علي أن عبَّدت بني إسرائيل, قال: قهرت وغلبت واستعملت بني إسرائيل.حدثنا موسى بن هارون, قال: ثنا عمرو, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ: ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وربيتني قبل وليدا.وقال آخرون: هذا استفهام كان من موسى لفرعون, كأنه قال: أتمنّ عليّ أن اتخذت بني إسرائيل عبيدا.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا الحسن, قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة, في قوله: ( وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ ) قال: يقول موسى لفرعون: أتمنّ عليّ أن اتخذت أنت بني إسرائيل عبيدا.واختلف أهل العربية في ذلك, فقال بعض نحويي البصرة: وتلك نعمة تمنها عليّ, فيقال: هذا استفهام كأنه قال: أتمنها علي؟ ثم فسر فقال: ( أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وجعله بدلا من النعمة. وكان بعض أهل العربية ينكر هذا القول, ويقول: هو غلط من قائله لا يجوز أن يكون همز الاستفهام يلقى, وهو يطلب, فيكون الاستفهام كالخبر, قال: وقد استقبح ومعه أم, وهي دليل على الاستفهام واستقبحوا:تَــرُوحُ مــنَ الحَــيّ أمْ تَبْتَكــرْوَمــاذَا يَضُــرُّكَ لَــوْ تَنْتظــرْ? (2)قال: وقال بعضهم: هو أتروح من الحيّ, وحذف الاستفهام أوّلا اكتفاء بأم. وقال أكثرهم: بل الأوّل خبر, والثاني استفهام, وكأن " أم " إذا جاءت بعد الكلام فهي الألف, فأما وليس معه أم, فلم يقله إنسان.وقال بعض نحويي الكوفة في ذلك ما قلنا. وقال: معنى الكلام: وفعلت فعلتك التي فعلت وأنت من الكافرين لنعمتي: أي لنعمة تربيتي لك, فأجابه فقال: نعم هي نعمة عليّ أن عبدت الناس ولم تستعبدني.------------------------الهوامش :(1) البيت من شواهد (اللسان: عبد) قال: تعبد الرجل (وعبده) بتشديد الباء فيهما، وأعبده: صيره كالعبد. قال الشاعر: "ختام يعبدني قومي.." البيت.(2) البيت: لامرىء القيس بن حجر الكندي (مختار الشعر الجاهلي بشرح مصطفى السقا طبعة الحلبي ص 115) تروح: أتروح، وتبتكر: تخرج مبكرًا. يقول: أتروح إلى أهلك آخر النهار، أم تخرج إليهم بكرة، وما الذي يعجلك عن الانتظار وهو خير لك. والبيت شاهد على أنه حذف همزة الاستفهام اكتفاء بدلالة أم عليه. وبعضهم يستقبح الحذف في هذا الموضع. ويمنعه فيما يلبس بالخبر.
وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ . أي: تدلي علي بهذه المنة لأنك سخرت بني إسرائيل, وجعلتهم لك بمنزلة العبيد، وأنا قد أسلمتني من تعبيدك وتسخيرك, وجعلتها علي نعمة، فعند التصور, يتبين أن الحقيقة, أنك ظلمت هذا الشعب الفاضل, وعذبتهم وسخرتهم بأعمالك، وأنا قد سلمني الله من أذاك, مع وصول أذاك لقومي، فما هذه المنة التي تبت بها وتدلي بها؟.
Moses called for the acceptance of Monotheism in Pharaoh’s presence and showed him the miracles of his rod and the shining bright hand. Then, in order to belittle Moses’s importance, Pharaoh reminded him of two facts about his earlier life—one, that Moses had been brought up in Pharaoh’s house in his childhood and the other that he was responsible for the killing of a Copt. In reply, Moses said that his (Moses’s) being brought up in Pharaoh’s palace had occurred due to his own (Pharaoh’s) oppressive action. Since the latter had ordered the killing of the Children of Israel’s offspring, Moses’s mother put him in a basket and floated it down the river. It was Pharaoh’s wife—the queen—who then retrieved Moses from the river and brought him up in her palace. As for the killing of the Copt, Moses said that he had not done it purposely. He had been defending his Israelite brother from the violent aggression of the Copt when the latter died accidentally. After this incident, Moses left Egypt and went to Madyan where he lived for many years. Perhaps it was necessary for Moses’s training to leave the artificial atmosphere of the city and to spend a few years in the free atmosphere of a village. When he was on his way back from Madyan to Egypt, Almighty God conferred prophethood upon him.
أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
That you must send the children of Isra'i1 with us". (26:17)
Bani Isra'il were the residents of Syria. They wanted to go back to their land but the Pharaoh would not let them. This way four hundred years had passed and they were living in his bondage like slaves. At that time they were six hundred and thirty thousand in number. Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) when presented the message of Truth to the Pharaoh, he also asked him to stop all the cruelties he had perpetrated over Bani Isra'il and to let them go to their homeland. (Qurtubi)
An example of prophetic dialectic
Discussion and debate among two different persons or group of people having divergent views has been in vogue since the time immemorial. Such debates are called مُنَاظرہ munazarah (dialectics) in conventional terms. But such dialectics have been reduced to a game of win or lose. People regard the outcome of dialectics should be to come out winner, even though one knows that he is on the wrong. Despite the knowledge of being on the wrong one must keep on pressing his point of view, and use the intelligence to throw in all sorts of arguments to prove his point as correct. Similarly, even if the opponents point is correct, it must be rejected with full force. In contrast to this attitude Islam has given a middle of the road stance, and set out its rules and regulations, thus making it a useful tool for preaching and reform.
A simple example of this can be seen in the above verses. When Sayyidna Musa and Harun (علیہما السلام) conveyed the invitation of Truth to the mighty the Pharaoh, who was claimant of being god, in his court, he began the opposing conversation with two questions relating to the person of Musa's (علیہ السلام) . When a sharp opponent is not properly equipped with the correct arguments, he normally tries to switch the conversation towards the person of the addressee in order to find faults with him. This tactic is employed to embarrass the opponent and to make him look small before the audience. Hence, the Pharaoh also came out with two such points. First, ` We have brought you up in our household and have done so many favours to you. So, how can you have the face to speak before us. Second, ` You have killed an Egyptian for no fault of his. This is not only cruelty but also ingratitude toward those among whom you are raised to your manhood. You have killed one from among us.' Now see the prophetic reply of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and how he handled the two subjects. In the first place he changed the sequence of the topics in that he brought up the case of the Egyptian first which the Pharaoh had raised latter. The wisdom in changing the sequence appears to be that in the Egyptian's case there was a weakness on his part, but he preferred to take that first, unlike present day tactics where one tries to avoid a direct reply to confuse the issue. But he, being the messenger of Allah, had nothing to hide, so while replying he accepted his weakness, and did not care at all what people in the opposition would think on acceptance of his mistake, and hence, might take it as acceptance of defeat. This course of action was totally contrary to present day tactics when people try to mix up their weakness in a manner that it is camouflaged.
Although Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) had accepted his fault while replying to the Pharaoh that it was his misjudgment when he hit the Egyptian and as a result he died, yet he made it very clear that he did not intend to kill him. His intention was right which unfortunately resulted in the wrong. The purpose of his hitting the Egyptian was to prevent him from harming the Isra'ili but in the process he died, which was not the intention. This act of his, despite being wrong, does not conflict with his claim to be a prophet or contradicts its veracity. So, he said ` that he realized his mistake and left the city for the fear of being caught. Then Allah was kind to him and honoured him with the prophethood.
Now the point to ponder is that at that time Musa (علیہ السلام) could have adopted the simple and straightforward course and have claimed that the Egyptian deserved death, and would have charged him with such accusations for which his killing was the right action. There was no one present at the time of the incident, so no one could have contradicted him. Anyone else in his place would have certainly taken this course of action. But here it was the resolute messenger of Allah who was the truth personified and who regarded expression of truth and veracity and the declaration of fact as his victory. He accepted his guilt in the packed court of the foe and in doing that also countered any possibility of doubt on his prophethood.
After that he turned to the second point regarding his upbringing in the Pharaoh's house, upon which the Pharaoh had stressed to remind his favour to him. Musa (علیہ السلام) asked him to ponder over his position as, being an Israelite, he had no occasion to reach the royal place of the Pharaoh. It was the cruelty of the Pharaoh that compelled the mother of Musa I to throw her baby into the river, then it was by chance that the Pharaoh picked him up, and in reality it was a wise arrangement made by Allah, that the child for the fear of whom the Pharaoh had slaughtered thousands of children, was caused to be nourished by the same the Pharaoh. But in any case, the real cause of his upbringing in the home of the Pharaoh was the cruelty exercised by him against the Israelites. Musa (علیہ السلام) pointing out to this fact, invited the Pharaoh to ponder whether this was really a favour with which he was obliging him. It is obvious that this prophetic address left a positive and convincing impression on the minds of people present there, and they were convinced that Musa (علیہ السلام) was not the sort of person who would make excuses, and that he would say nothing but the truth. After that when they saw the miracles, their view was confirmed further. At that time although the Pharaoh did not admit the truth, yet he was so overwhelmed and apprehensive that just two persons without having the support of a third, would turn him and his people out of their land and country.
This is what is known as God gifted awe of truth, veracity and reality. The contentions and dialectics of Allah's messengers are also full of truth, veracity and wishing well for the addressee. That is how they become so appealing to people and convince the biggest defiant