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وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلࣰا وَنَسِیَ خَلۡقَهُۥۖ قَالَ مَن یُحۡیِ ٱلۡعِظَـٰمَ وَهِیَ رَمِیمࣱ ۝٧٨
waḍaraba lanā mathalan wanasiya khalqahu qāla man yuḥ'yī l-ʿiẓāma wahiya ramīmu
Ya Sin, Ya-Seen / Ya Sin (36:78)
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Abdel Haleem

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producing arguments against Us, forgetting his own creation. He says, ‘Who can give life back to bones after they have decayed?’
waḍaraba lanā mathalan wanasiya khalqahu qāla man yuḥ'yī l-ʿiẓāma wahiya ramīmu

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Tafsir Commentary

The Denial of Life after Death, and the Refutation of this Idea Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, As-Suddi and Qatadah said, "Ubayy bin Khalaf, may Allah curse him, came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a dry bone in his hand, which he was crumbling and scattering in the air, saying, `O Muhammad! Are you claiming that Allah will resurrect this' He said: «نَعَمْ، يُمِيتُكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى، ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكَ، ثُمَّ يَحْشُرُكَ إِلَى النَّار» (Yes, Allah, may He be exalted, will cause you to die, then He will resurrect you and will gather you into the Fire.)" Then these Ayat at the end of Surah Ya Sin were revealed: أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الإِنسَـنُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَـهُ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ (Does not man see that We have created him from Nutfah.) -- until the end of the Surah. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Al-`As bin Wa'il took a bone from the bed of a valley and crumbled it in his hand, then he said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: `Will Allah bring this back to life after it has disintegrated' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «نَعَمْ، يُمِيتُكَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكَ، ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُكَ جَهَنَّم» (Yes, Allah will cause you to die, then He will bring you back to life, then He will make you enter Hell.) Then the Ayat at the end of Surah Ya Sin were revealed." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir from Sa`id bin Jubayr. Whether these Ayat were revealed about Ubayy bin Khalaf or Al-`As bin Wa'il, or both of them, they apply to all those who deny the resurrection after death. The definite article "Al" in أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الإِنسَـنُ (Does not man (Al-Insan) see...) is generic, applying to all those who deny the Resurrection. أَنَّا خَلَقْنَـهُ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مٌّبِينٌ (that We have created him from Nutfah. Yet behold he (stands forth) as an open opponent.) means, the one who is denying the resurrection, cannot see that the One Who initiated creation can re-create it. For Allah initiated the creation of man from semen of despised fluid, creating him from something insignificant, weak and despised, as Allah says: أَلَمْ نَخْلُقكُّم مِّن مَّآءٍ مَّهِينٍ - فَجَعَلْنَـهُ فِى قَرَارٍ مَّكِينٍ - إِلَى قَدَرٍ مَّعْلُومٍ (Did We not create you from a despised water Then We placed it in a place of safety, for a known period) (77:20-22) إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الإِنسَـنَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ (Verily, We have created man from Nutfah) (76:2). which means, from a mixture of different fluids. The One Who created man from this weak Nutfah is not unable to re-create him after his death. Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad that Bishr bin Jahhash said, "One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spat in his hand and put his finger on it, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: ابْنَ آدَمَ أَنَّى تُعْجِزُنِي وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ مِثْلِ هَذِهِ، حَتْى إِذَا سَوَّيْتُكَ وَعَدَلْتُكَ، مَشَيْتَ بَيْنَ بُرْدَيْكَ، وَلِلْأَرْضِ مِنْكَ وَئِيدٌ، فَجَمَعْتَ وَمَنَعْتَ، حَتْى إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِيَ قُلْتَ: أَتَصَدَّقُ، وَأَنَّى أَوَانُ الصَّدَقَةِ؟» (Allah, may He be exalted, says: "Son of Adam, how can you outrun Me when I have created you from something like this, and when I have fashioned you and formed you, you walk in your cloak on the earth and it groans beneath your tread. You accumulate and do not spend until the death rattle reaches your throat, then you say, `I want to give in charity,' but it is too late for charity.")" It was also recorded by Ibn Majah. Allah says: وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلاً وَنَسِىَ خَلْقَهُ قَالَ مَن يُحىِ الْعِظَـمَ وَهِىَ رَمِيمٌ (And he puts forth for Us a parable, and forgets his own creation. He says: "Who will give life to these bones after they are rotten and have become dust") meaning, he thinks it unlikely that Allah, the Almighty Who created the heavens and the earth, will re-create these bodies and dry bones. Man forgets about himself, that Allah created him from nothing and brought him into existence, and he knows by looking at himself that there is something greater than that which he denies and thinks impossible. Allah says: قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِى أَنشَأَهَآ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ (Say: "He will give life to them Who created them for the first time! And He is the All-Knower of every creation!") meaning, He knows about the bones in all areas and regions of the earth, where they have gone when they disintegrated and dispersed. Imam Ahmad recorded that Rib`i said: ""Uqbah bin `Amr said to Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, `Will you not tell us what you heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ' He said, `I heard him say: «إِنَّ رَجُلًا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ، فَلَمَّا أَيِسَ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ أَوْصَى أَهْلَهُ: إِذَا أَنَا مُتُّ فَاجْمَعُوا لِي حَطَبًا كَثِيرًا جَزْلًا، ثُمَّ أَوْقِدُوا فِيهِ نَارًا، حَتْى إِذَا أَكَلَتْ لَحْمِي، وَخَلَصَتْ إِلَى عَظْمِي فَامْتُحِشْتُ، فَخُذُوهَا فَدُقُّوهَا فَذَرُّوهَا فِي الْيَمِّ، فَفَعَلُوا، فَجَمَعَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: لِمَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ خَشْيَتِكَ، فَغَفَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَه» (Death approached a man and when there was no longer any hope for him, he said to his family, "When I die, gather a lot of firewood, then set it ablaze until my flesh is consumed and it reaches my bones and they become brittle. Then take them and grind them, and scatter them in the sea." So they did that, but Allah gathered him together and said to him: "Why did you do that" He said, "Because I feared You." So Allah forgave him.)' `Uqbah bin `Amr said, `I heard him say that, and the man was a gravedigger."' Many versions of this Hadith were recorded in the Two Sahihs. One of these versions mentions that he commanded his sons to burn him and then grind his remains into small pieces, and then scatter half of them on land and half of them on the sea on a windy day. So they did that, then Allah commanded the sea to gather together whatever remains were in it, and He commanded the land to do likewise, then he said to him, "Be!", and he was a man, standing. Allah said to him. "What made you do what you did" He said, "The fear of You, and You know best." Straight away He forgave him. الَّذِى جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الشَّجَرِ الاٌّخْضَرِ نَاراً فَإِذَآ أَنتُم مِّنْه تُوقِدُونَ (He Who produces for you fire out of the green tree, when behold you kindle therewith.) means, the One Who initiated the creation of this tree from water, when it has become green and beautiful, bearing fruit, then He changes it until it becomes dry wood with which fires are lit. For He does whatever He wills and He is able to do whatever He wills, and none can stop Him. Qatadah said concerning the Ayah: الَّذِى جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الشَّجَرِ الاٌّخْضَرِ نَاراً فَإِذَآ أَنتُم مِّنْه تُوقِدُونَ (He Who produces for you fire out of the green tree, when behold you kindle therewith.) this means, the One Who brought forth this fire from this tree is able to resurrect him. It was said that this refers to the Markh tree and the `Afar tree, which grow in the Hijaz. If one wants to light a fire but has no kindling with him, then he takes two green branches from these trees and rubs one against the other, and fire is produced from them. So they are just like kindling. This was reported from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him.
And he strikes for Us a similitude in this respect and forgets the manner of his creation from a sperm-drop a thing more curious than his similitude; he says ‘Who will revive the bones when they are rot?’ in other words when they have become withered He does not say ramīmatun ‘decayed’ because it ramīmun ‘rot’ is a noun and not an adjective. It is reported that he al-‘Āsī took some withered bones and crushed them into pieces and said to the Prophet s ‘Do you think that God can revive these bones after they have decayed and become rot?’ And so the Prophet s said ‘Yes indeed! And He will also throw you into the Fire’.
وضرب لنا المنكر للبعث مثلا لا ينبغي ضربه، وهو قياس قدرة الخالق بقدرة المخلوق، ونسي ابتداء خلقه، قال: مَن يحيي العظام البالية المتفتتة؟
ولهذا قال تعالى: "وضرب لنا مثلا ونسي خلقه قال من يحيي العظام وهي رميم" أي استبعد إعادة الله تعالى ذي القدرة العظيمة التي خلقت السموات والأرض للأجساد والعظام الرميمة ونسي نفسه وأن الله تعالى خلقه من العدم إلى الوجود فعلم من نفسه ما هو أعظم مما استبعده وأنكره وجحده.
وقوله - تعالى - : ( وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلاً وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ قَالَ مَن يُحيِي العظام وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ ) معطوف على الكلام المتقدم ، وداخل فى حيز الإِنكار .أى : أن هذا الإِنسان الجاهل المجادل بالباطل ، لم يكتف بذلك ، بل ضرب لنا مثلاً هو فى غاية الغرابة ، حيث أنكر قدرتنا على إحياء الموتى ، وعلى بعثهم يوم القيامة ، فقال : - دون أن يفطن إلى أصل خلقته - من يحيى العظام وهى رميم ، أى : وهى بالية أشد البلى . فرميم بزنة فعيل بمعنى فاعل . من رَمَّ اللازم بمعنى بَلِىَ ، أو بمعنى مفعول ، من رم المتعدى بمعنى أبْلَى يقال : رمه إذا أبلاه . فيستوى فيه المذكر والمؤنث .قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت : لم سمى قوله : ( مَن يُحيِي العظام وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ ) مثلاً؟قلت : لما دل عليه من قصة عجيبة شبيهة بالمثل ، وهى إنكار قدرة الله - تعالى - على إحياء الموتى .. مع أن ما أنكر من قبيل ما يوصف الله - تعالى - بالقدرة عليه ، بدليل النشأة الأولى . .
وقوله ( وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلا وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ ) يقول: ومثَّل لنا شبها بقوله ( مَنْ يُحْيِي الْعِظَامَ وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ ) إذ كان لا يقدر على إحياء ذلك أحد، يقول: فجعلنا كمن لا يقدر على إحياء ذلك من الخلق ( وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ ) يقول: ونسي خَلْقَنا إياه كيف خلقناه، وأنه لم يكن إلا نطفة، فجعلناها خلقا سَوِيًّا ناطقا، يقول: فلم يفكر في خلقناه، فيعلم أن من خلقه من نطفة حتى صار بشرا سويا ناطقا متصرفا، لا يعْجِز أن يعيد الأموات أحياء، والعظام الرَّميم بشَرا كهيئتهم التي كانوا بها قبل الفناء .
( وضرب لنا مثلا ونسي خلقه ) بدء أمره ، ثم ( قال من يحيي العظام وهي رميم ) بالية ، ولم يقل رميمة ; لأنه معدول عن فاعلة ، وكل ما كان معدولا عن وجهه ووزنه كان مصروفا عن أخواته ، كقوله : " وما كانت أمك بغيا " ( مريم - 28 ) ، أسقط الهاء لأنها كانت مصروفة عن باغية .
وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلًا وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ قَالَ مَنْ يُحْيِي الْعِظَامَ وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ (78) فهو كقوله تعالى : { فلا تضربوا للَّه الأمثال } [ النحل : 74 ] ، أي لا تُشَبِّهوه بخلقه فتجعلوا له شركاء لوقوعه بعد { ويعبدون من دون اللَّه ما لا يملك لهم رزقاً من السماوات والأرض شيئا } [ النحل : 73 ] .والاستفهام في قوله : { من يحي العظام } إنكاري . و { من } عامة في كل من يسند إليه الخبر . فالمعنى : لا أحد يحيي العظام وهي رميم . فشمل عمومه إنكارهم أن يكون الله تعالى محيياً للعظام وهي رميم ، أي في حال كونها رميماً .وجملة { قال مَن يُحي العِظامَ } بيان لجملة { ضرب لنا مثلاً } كقوله تعالى : { فوسوس إليه الشيطان قال يا آدم } [ طه : 120 ] الآية ، فجملة { قال يا آدم بيان لجملة وسوس .والنسيان في قوله : ونَسِيَ خلقه } مستعار لانتفاء العلم من أصله ، أي لعدم الاهتداء إلى كيفية الخلق الأول ، أي نسي أننا خلقناه من نطفة ، أي لم يهتد إلى أن ذلك أعجب من إعادة عظمه كقوله تعالى : { أفعيينا بالخلق الأول بل هم في لَبْس من خلق جديد } [ ق : 15 ] .وذكر النطفة هنا تمهيد للمفاجأة بكونه خصيماً مبيناً عقب خلقه ، أي ذلك الهيِّنُ المنشأ قد أصبح خصيماً عنيداً ، وليبني عليه قوله بعد : { ونَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ } أي نسي خلقه الضعيف فتطاول وجاوز ، ولأن خلقه من النطفة أعجب من إحيائه وهو عَظْم مجاراة لزعمه في مقدار الإِمكان ، وإن كان الله يحيي ما هو أضعف من العظام فيحيي الإِنسان من رَماده ، ومن ترابه ، ومن عَجْب ذَنَبه ، ومن لا شيء باقياً منه .والرميم : البالي ، يقال : رَمَّ العظمُ وأَرَمَّ ، إذا بَلِي فهو فعيل بمعنى المصدر ، يقال : رمّ العظمُ رميماً ، فهو خبر بالمصدر ، ولذلك لم يطابق المخبر عنه في الجمعية وهي بِلىً .
قوله تعالى : وضرب لنا مثلا ونسي خلقه قال من يحيي العظام وهي رميم .فيه مسألتان :الأولى : قوله تعالى : وضرب لنا مثلا ونسي خلقه أي : ونسي أنا أنشأناه من نطفة ميتة [ ص: 55 ] فركبنا فيه الحياة . أي : جوابه من نفسه حاضر ، ولهذا قال - عليه السلام - : نعم ويبعثك الله ويدخلك النار ففي هذا دليل على صحة القياس ، لأن الله - جل وعز - احتج على منكري البعث بالنشأة الأولى .قال من يحيي العظام وهي رميم أي : بالية . رم العظم فهو رميم ورمام . وإنما قال " رميم " ولم يقل " رميمة " ; لأنها معدولة عن فاعلة ، وما كان معدولا عن وجهه ووزنه كان مصروفا عن إعرابه ، كقوله : وما كانت أمك بغيا أسقط الهاء ; لأنها مصروفة عن باغية . وقيل : إن هذا الكافر قال للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : أرأيت إن سحقتها وأذريتها في الريح أيعيدها الله! فنزلت : قل يحييها الذي أنشأها أول مرة أي : من غير شيء فهو قادر على إعادتها في النشأة الثانية من شيء ، وهو عجم الذنب . ويقال : عجب الذنب ، بالباء . وهو بكل خلق عليم عليم كيف يبدئ ويعيد .الثانية : في هذه الآية دليل على أن في العظام حياة وأنها تنجس بالموت . وهو قول أبي حنيفة وبعض أصحاب الشافعي . وقال الشافعي - رضي الله عنه - : لا حياة فيها . وقد تقدم هذا في [ النحل ] . فإن قيل : أراد بقوله من يحيي العظام أصحاب العظام . وإقامة المضاف مقام المضاف إليه كثير في اللغة ، موجود في الشريعة . قلنا : إنما يكون إذ احتيج لضرورة ، وليس هاهنا ضرورة تدعو إلى هذا الإضمار ، ولا يفتقر إلى هذا التقدير ، إذ الباري سبحانه قد أخبر به وهو قادر عليه ، والحقيقة تشهد له ، فإن الإحساس الذي هو علامة الحياة موجود فيه ، قاله ابن العربي .
Man has not created himself. This calls for man to possess the quality of humility or modesty. But, instead of being realistic, he indulges in discussions which are not in accordance with his humble position. The creation of man and the universe for the first time itself furnishes ample proof of the fact that such creation for the second time is also possible. But ignoring this, man argues about how a dead man can come back to life. The changing of the dead into the living, will no doubt occur on the Day of Judgement, but this possibility is seen in other things even today. One may take the example of a tree. The tree is apparently green and fresh, but when it is cut up and burnt as sticks, it takes on a completely different shape, that of fire. The metamorphosis of one thing into another is an established fact. God makes this possible today with regard to different things. As for man, however, He will make it possible on the Day of Judgement, but this will not be for the purpose of making the people admit this fact. It will be in order to punish them for their insubordination.
In verse 78, it was said: ضَرَ‌بَ لَنَا مَثَلًا (And he has set up an argument about Us). Here, the expression refers to the event described above, that is, while smashing and rubbing the bone into bone meal, its revival was considered improbable. After that, it was said: وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ (and forgot his own creation). It means while he was giving that example, he forgot the example of his own creation as to how he himself was created by infusing life in a lowly, impure and lifeless drop - a bland anatomy of his creation indeed. Had he not forgotten his real genetic origin, he would have never come up with such examples and would have never dared saying no to Divine power.
(And he hath coined for Us a similitude) he gave Us a similitude regarding bones, (and hath forgotten the fact of his creation) he left out the mention of his initial creation, (saying: Who will revive these bones when they have rotted away) who will revive these bones when they become dust?