Those Who Set The Ranks, Drawn up in Ranks, The Rangers — Verse 99

Ibrahim's Emigration, the Test of the Sacrifice of Isma`il, and how Allah blessed Him Allah tells us that after He helped His close friend Ibrahim, peace be upon him, against his people, and after Ibrahim gave up hoping that they would ever believe despite all the mighty signs that they had witnessed, he emigrated away from them, and said: وَقَالَ إِنِّى ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّى سَيَهْدِينِ - رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينِ (Verily, I am going to my Lord. He will guide me! My Lord! Grant me (offspring) from the righteous.) meaning, obedient children, in compensation for his people and relatives whom he had left. Allah said: فَبَشَّرْنَـهُ بِغُلَـمٍ حَلِيمٍ (So We gave him the glad tidings of a forbearing boy.) This child was Isma`il, peace be upon him, for he was the first child of whom glad tidings were given to Ibrahim, peace be upon him, and he was older than Ishaq. The Muslims and the People of the Book agree, and indeed it is stated in their Book, that Isma`il, peace be upon him, was born when Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was eighty-six years old, and Ishaq was born when Ibrahim was ninety-nine years old. According to their Book, Allah commanded Ibrahim to sacrifice his only son, and in another text it says his firstborn son. But here they falsely inserted the name of Ishaq. This is not right because it goes against what their own Scripture says. They inserted the name of Ishaq because he is their ancestor, while Isma`il is the ancestor of the Arabs. They were jealous of them, so they added this idea and changed the meaning of the phrase "only son" to mean `the only son who is with you,' because Isma`il had been taken with his mother to Makkah. But this is a case of falsification and distortion, because the words "only son" cannot be said except in the case of one who has no other son. Furthermore, the firstborn son has a special status that is not shared by subsequent children, so the command to sacrifice him is a more exquisite test. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْىَ (And, when he (his son) was old enough to walk with him,) means, when he grew up and started to go with his father and walk with him, for Ibrahim used to go every so often to check on his son and his mother in the land of Faran (i.e., Makkah), to see how they were doing. It was said that he used to ride on Al-Buraq, traveling there swiftly, and Allah knows best. It was reported from Ibn `Abbas, peace be upon him, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, Zayd bin Aslam and others that فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْىَ (And, when he (his son) was old enough to walk with him,) means, when he became a young man and was able to work as his father did. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْىَ قَالَ يبُنَىَّ إِنِّى أَرَى فِى الْمَنَامِ أَنِّى أَذْبَحُكَ فَانظُرْ مَاذَا تَرَى (And, when he (his son) was old enough to walk with him, he said: "O my son! I have seen in a dream that I am slaughtering you. So look what you think!") `Ubayd bin `Umayr said, "The dreams of the Prophets are revelation," then he recited this Ayah: قَالَ يبُنَىَّ إِنِّى أَرَى فِى الْمَنَامِ أَنِّى أَذْبَحُكَ فَانظُرْ مَاذَا تَرَى (he said: "O my son! I have seen in a dream that I am slaughtering you. So look what you think!"). He told his son that in order to make it easier for him, and also to test his patience and resolve, at a young age, in obeying Allah and obeying his father. قَالَ يأَبَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤمَرُ (He said: "O my father! Do that which you are commanded...") meaning, `obey the command of Allah and sacrifice me.' سَتَجِدُنِى إِن شَآءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّـبِرِينَ (if Allah wills, you shall find me of the patient.) meaning, `I will be patient and will seek the reward for that with Allah.' He, may peace and blessings be upon him, believed in what had been promised. Allah said: وَاذْكُرْ فِى الْكِتَـبِ إِسْمَـعِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صَـدِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولاً نَّبِيّاً - وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّـلَوةِ وَالزَّكَـوةِ وَكَانَ عِندَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيّاً (And mention in the Book Isma`il. Verily, he was true to what he promised, and he was a Messenger, (and) a Prophet. And he used to enjoin on his family the Salah and the Zakah, and his Lord was pleased with him.) (19:54-55). فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَا وَتَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِينِ (Then, when they had both submitted themselves, and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead;) means, when both of them had pronounced the Shahadah and remembered Allah -- Ibrahim because he was about to offer a sacrifice and Isma`il because he was about to die. Or it was said that "submitted themselves" means that they submitted and followed the command of Allah; Ibrahim obeyed the command of Allah and Isma`il obeyed Allah and his father. This was the view of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ibn Ishaq, and others. lThe meaning of the phrase "and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead" is: he placed him facedown so that he could slaughter him from behind, and not have to see his face at the time of slaughter, so that it would be easier for him. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said: وَتَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِينِ (and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead;) means, "He turned him upside down on his face." Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "When the rituals were enjoined upon Ibrahim, peace be upon him, the Shaytan appeared to him at the Mas`a and raced with him, but Ibrahim got there first. Then Jibril, upon him be peace, took him to Jamrat Al-`Aqabah and the Shaytan appeared to him, so he stoned him with seven pebbles until he disappeared. Then he appeared him at Al-Jamrah Al-Wusta and he stoned him with seven pebbles. Then he laid him prostrate on his face. Isma`il, peace be upon him, was wearing a white shirt, and he said, `O my father, I do not have any garment in which I can be shrouded apart from this; take it off me so that you can shroud me in it.' He started to take it off, then he was called from behind: أَن يإِبْرَهِيمُقَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَآ (O Ibrahim! You have fulfilled the dream!) Ibrahim turned, and saw a fine, horned, white ram." Ibn `Abbas said, "We used to look for similar types of rams." Hisham mentioned this Hadith at length in Al-Manasik. وَنَـدَيْنَـهُ أَن يإِبْرَهِيمُ قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَآ (We called out to him: "O Ibrahim! You have fulfilled the dream!") means, `the purpose of your dream has been fulfilled by your laying down your son to sacrifice him.' As-Suddi and others said that he passed the knife over Isma`il's neck, but it did not cut him at all, because a sheet of copper was placed between them. Ibrahim was called at that point, and it was said: قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَآ (You have fulfilled the dream!) Allah says; إِنَّا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ (Verily, thus do We reward the doers of good.) means, `this is how We deal with those who obey Us in things that are difficult for them; We make for them a way out.' As Allah says: فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُواْ ذَوَى عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ وَأَقِيمُواْ الشَّهَـدَةَ لِلَّهِ ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَن كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجاً - وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَحْتَسِبُ وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَـلِغُ أَمْرِهِ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدْراً (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine. And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him. Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allah has set a measure for all things.) (65:2-3). On the basis of this Ayah and this story, some of the scholars of Usul have stated that it is valid for a ruling to be abrogated before anyone is able to act upon it -- unlike some of the Mu`tazilah. The evidence for this is obvious, because Allah commanded Ibrahim, peace be upon him, to sacrifice his son, then He abrogated that and pointed out the ransom. The purpose of His command had been primarily to reward His close Friend for his patience and resolve in sacrificing his son. Allah says: إِنَّ هَـذَا لَهُوَ الْبَلاَءُ الْمُبِينُ (Verily, that indeed was a manifest trial.) meaning, it was clearly a test when he was commanded to sacrifice his son, so, he hastened to do it, in submission to the command of Allah and in obedience to Him. Allah said: وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى (And of Ibrahim who fulfilled all that.) (53:37), and وَفَدَيْنَـهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ (And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice). It was reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "A ram which had grazed in Paradise for forty years." Imam Ahmad recorded that Safiyyah bint Shaybah said, "A woman from Bani Sulaym, who was the midwife of most of the people in our household, told me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent for `Uthman bin Talhah, may Allah be pleased with him." On one occasion she said, "I asked `Uthman, `Why did the Prophet call you' He said, `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, «إِنِّي كُنْتُ رَأَيْتُ قَرْنَيِ الْكَبْشِ حِينَ دَخَلْتُ الْبَيْتَ فَنَسِيتُ أَنْ آمُرَكَ أَنْ تُخَمِّرَهُمَا فَخَمِّرْهُمَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي الْبَيْتِ شَيْءٌ يَشْغَلُ الْمُصَلِّي» (I saw the horns of the ram when I entered the House i.e., the Ka`bah, and I forgot to tell you to cover them up; cover them up, for there should not be anything in the House which could distract the worshipper.)"' Sufyan said, "The horns of the ram remained hanging in the House until it was burned, and they were burned too." This offers independent evidence that the one who was to be sacrificed was Isma`il, peace be upon him. The Quraysh had inherited the horns of the ram that Ibrahim sacrificed, and they had been passed down from generation to generation, until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sent. And Allah knows best. Reports which state that the One Who was to be sacrificed was Isma`il, and that this is Correct with Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Amir Ash-Sha`bi, Yusuf bin Mihran, Mujahid, `Ata' and others reported from Ibn `Abbas that it was Isma`il, peace be upon him. Ibn Jarir narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, "The one who was ransomed was Isma`il, peace be upon him. The Jews claimed that it was Ishaq, but the Jews lied." It was reported that Ibn `Umar said, "The sacrifice was Isma`il." Ibn Abi Najih said, narrating from Mujahid, "It was Isma`il, peace be upon him." This was also the view of Yusuf bin Mihran. Ash-Sha`bi said, "It was Isma`il, peace be upon him, and I saw the horns of the ram in the Ka`bah." Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Al-Hasan bin Dinar and `Amr bin `Ubayd from Al-Hasan Al-Basri that he did not doubt that the one of the two sons Ibrahim was commanded to sacrifice was Isma`il, peace be upon him. Ibn Ishaq said, "I heard Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi say, `The one whom Allah commanded Ibrahim to sacrifice of his two sons was Isma`il.' We find this in the Book of Allah, because when Allah finishes the story of the one of the two sons of Ibrahim who was to be sacrificed, He then says: وَبَشَّرْنَـهُ بِإِسْحَـقَ نَبِيّاً مِّنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ (And We gave him the glad tidings of Ishaq -- a Prophet from the righteous), and فَبَشَّرْنَـهَا بِإِسْحَـقَ وَمِن وَرَآءِ إِسْحَـقَ يَعْقُوبَ (So, We gave her glad tidings of Ishaq and after Ishaq, of Ya`qub) (11:71). He mentions the son and the son of the son, but He would not have commanded him to sacrifice Ishaq when He had promised that this son would in turn have a son. The one whom He commanded him to sacrifice can only have been Isma`il." Ibn Ishaq said, "I heard him say that often." Ibn Ishaq reported from Buraydah bin Sufyan bin Farwah Al-Aslami that Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi told them that he mentioned that to `Umar bin `Abd Al-`Aziz, may Allah be pleased with him, when he was Khalifah, while he was with him in Syria. `Umar said to him, "This is something about which I have never given any thought, but I see that it is as you say." Then he sent for a man who was with him in Syria, a Jew who had become a Muslim and was committed to Islam, and he thought that he had been one of their scholars. `Umar bin `Abd Al-`Aziz, may Allah be pleased with him, asked him about that. Muhammad bin Ka`b said, "I was with `Umar bin `Abd Al-`Aziz. `Umar said to him, `Which of the two sons of Ibrahim was he commanded to sacrifice' He said, `Isma`il. By Allah, O Commander of the faithful, the Jews know this, but they were jealous of you Arabs because it was your father about whom Allah issued this command and the virtue that Allah mentioned was because of his patience in obeying the command. So they denied that and claimed that it was Ishaq, because he is their father."' `Abdullah bin Al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "I asked my father about which son was to be sacrificed -- was it Isma`il or Ishaq" He said, "Isma`il." This was mentioned in Kitab Az-Zuhd. Ibn Abi Hatim said, "I heard my father say, `The correct view is that the one who was to be sacrificed was Isma`il, peace be upon him."' He said, "And it was narrated that `Ali, Ibn `Umar, Abu Hurayrah, Abu At-Tufayl, Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi, Abu Ja`far Muhammad bin `Ali and Abu Salih, may Allah be pleased with them all, said that the one who was to be sacrificed was Isma`il." Al-Baghawi said in his Tafsir, "This was the view of `Abdullah bin `Umar, Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Mujahid, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and Al-Kalbi." This was also reported from Ibn `Abbas and from Abu `Amr bin Al-`Ala'. وَبَشَّرْنَـهُ بِإِسْحَـقَ نَبِيّاً مِّنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ (And We gave him the glad tidings of Ishaq -- a Prophet from the righteous.) having given the glad tidings of the one who was to be sacrificed, who was Isma`il, Allah immediately follows that with mention of the glad tidings of his brother Ishaq. This is also mentioned in Surah Hud (11:71) and in Surat Al-Hijr (15:53-55). نَبِيّاً (a Prophet) means, from him there will come a righteous Prophet. وَبَـرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى إِسْحَـقَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا مُحْسِنٌ وَظَـلِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ مُبِينٌ (We blessed him and Ishaq. And of their progeny are (some) that do right, and some that plainly wrong themselves.) This is like the Ayah: قِيلَ ينُوحُ اهْبِطْ بِسَلَـمٍ مِّنَّا وَبَركَـتٍ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أُمَمٍ مِّمَّن مَّعَكَ وَأُمَمٌ سَنُمَتِّعُهُمْ ثُمَّ يَمَسُّهُمْ مِّنَّا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (It was said: "O Nuh! Come down (from the ship) with peace from Us and blessings on you and on the people who are with you, but people to whom We shall grant their pleasures (for a time), but in the end a painful torment will reach them from Us.") (11:48)

And he said ‘I shall indeed depart to my Lord I shall emigrating to Him from the abode of disbelief — He will guide me to the place to which My Lord has commanded that I end up in and this was Syria. When he reached the Holy Land he said

He said, “Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.” That fact that he was going in God necessitated his going to God. He went forth well in God's work so he went straight in God's road. About Abraham the Real says, “Surely I am going to my Lord,” reporting his words. Con- cerning Moses He says, “Moses came to Our appointed time” [7:143], reporting his attribute. About MuṣṬafā He says, “Who took His servant by night” [17:1], reporting His attribute for his sake. Abraham was in the station of dispersion, Moses in togetherness itself, and MuṣṬafā in the togetherness of togetherness. The mark of Abraham's dispersion is Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth [6:79]. The mark of Moses' togetherness is We brought him near as a confidant [19:52]. The mark of MuṣṬafā's togetherness of togetherness is Then He drew close, and He came down [53:8]. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, Surely I am going to my Lord alludes to the disen- tanglement of the servant. The meaning of disentanglement is to be cut off from all along with the Real, in the beginning through effort and in the end totally. In the beginning, the body is striving, the tongue is in remembrance, and one's lifespan is in effort. At the end, one is on loan to the people, estranged from oneself, and at ease from attachment. For one hundred years the sun will rise in the east and set in the west before a disentangled man is given the eyes to discern the station of creation from the station of the Real and know the difference between the beginning and the end. WāsiṬī said, “Abraham was going from creation to the Real, and MuḤammad was coming from the Real to creation. Someone who goes from creation to the Real recognizes the Real through evidence, and someone who goes from the Real to creation recognizes the evidence through the Real. Do you not see that Abraham came by way of the evidence? When he arrived at a bit of evidence, he would say, 'This is my Lord' [6:76]. This was the beginning of his state. When he reached the end, he saw the beauty of tawḤīd with the eyes of face-to-face vision and said, 'I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.

He said, “Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.” That fact that he was going in God necessitated his going to God. He went forth well in God's work so he went straight in God's road. About Abraham the Real says, “Surely I am going to my Lord,” reporting his words. Con- cerning Moses He says, “Moses came to Our appointed time” [7:143], reporting his attribute. About MuṣṬafā He says, “Who took His servant by night” [17:1], reporting His attribute for his sake. Abraham was in the station of dispersion, Moses in togetherness itself, and MuṣṬafā in the togetherness of togetherness. The mark of Abraham's dispersion is Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth [6:79]. The mark of Moses' togetherness is We brought him near as a confidant [19:52]. The mark of MuṣṬafā's togetherness of togetherness is Then He drew close, and He came down [53:8]. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, Surely I am going to my Lord alludes to the disen- tanglement of the servant. The meaning of disentanglement is to be cut off from all along with the Real, in the beginning through effort and in the end totally. In the beginning, the body is striving, the tongue is in remembrance, and one's lifespan is in effort. At the end, one is on loan to the people, estranged from oneself, and at ease from attachment. For one hundred years the sun will rise in the east and set in the west before a disentangled man is given the eyes to discern the station of creation from the station of the Real and know the difference between the beginning and the end. WāsiṬī said, “Abraham was going from creation to the Real, and MuḤammad was coming from the Real to creation. Someone who goes from creation to the Real recognizes the Real through evidence, and someone who goes from the Real to creation recognizes the evidence through the Real. Do you not see that Abraham came by way of the evidence? When he arrived at a bit of evidence, he would say, 'This is my Lord' [6:76]. This was the beginning of his state. When he reached the end, he saw the beauty of tawḤīd with the eyes of face-to-face vision and said, 'I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.

He said, “Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.” That fact that he was going in God necessitated his going to God. He went forth well in God's work so he went straight in God's road. About Abraham the Real says, “Surely I am going to my Lord,” reporting his words. Con- cerning Moses He says, “Moses came to Our appointed time” [7:143], reporting his attribute. About MuṣṬafā He says, “Who took His servant by night” [17:1], reporting His attribute for his sake. Abraham was in the station of dispersion, Moses in togetherness itself, and MuṣṬafā in the togetherness of togetherness. The mark of Abraham's dispersion is Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth [6:79]. The mark of Moses' togetherness is We brought him near as a confidant [19:52]. The mark of MuṣṬafā's togetherness of togetherness is Then He drew close, and He came down [53:8]. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, Surely I am going to my Lord alludes to the disen- tanglement of the servant. The meaning of disentanglement is to be cut off from all along with the Real, in the beginning through effort and in the end totally. In the beginning, the body is striving, the tongue is in remembrance, and one's lifespan is in effort. At the end, one is on loan to the people, estranged from oneself, and at ease from attachment. For one hundred years the sun will rise in the east and set in the west before a disentangled man is given the eyes to discern the station of creation from the station of the Real and know the difference between the beginning and the end. WāsiṬī said, “Abraham was going from creation to the Real, and MuḤammad was coming from the Real to creation. Someone who goes from creation to the Real recognizes the Real through evidence, and someone who goes from the Real to creation recognizes the evidence through the Real. Do you not see that Abraham came by way of the evidence? When he arrived at a bit of evidence, he would say, 'This is my Lord' [6:76]. This was the beginning of his state. When he reached the end, he saw the beauty of tawḤīd with the eyes of face-to-face vision and said, 'I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.

He said, “Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.” That fact that he was going in God necessitated his going to God. He went forth well in God's work so he went straight in God's road. About Abraham the Real says, “Surely I am going to my Lord,” reporting his words. Con- cerning Moses He says, “Moses came to Our appointed time” [7:143], reporting his attribute. About MuṣṬafā He says, “Who took His servant by night” [17:1], reporting His attribute for his sake. Abraham was in the station of dispersion, Moses in togetherness itself, and MuṣṬafā in the togetherness of togetherness. The mark of Abraham's dispersion is Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth [6:79]. The mark of Moses' togetherness is We brought him near as a confidant [19:52]. The mark of MuṣṬafā's togetherness of togetherness is Then He drew close, and He came down [53:8]. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, Surely I am going to my Lord alludes to the disen- tanglement of the servant. The meaning of disentanglement is to be cut off from all along with the Real, in the beginning through effort and in the end totally. In the beginning, the body is striving, the tongue is in remembrance, and one's lifespan is in effort. At the end, one is on loan to the people, estranged from oneself, and at ease from attachment. For one hundred years the sun will rise in the east and set in the west before a disentangled man is given the eyes to discern the station of creation from the station of the Real and know the difference between the beginning and the end. WāsiṬī said, “Abraham was going from creation to the Real, and MuḤammad was coming from the Real to creation. Someone who goes from creation to the Real recognizes the Real through evidence, and someone who goes from the Real to creation recognizes the evidence through the Real. Do you not see that Abraham came by way of the evidence? When he arrived at a bit of evidence, he would say, 'This is my Lord' [6:76]. This was the beginning of his state. When he reached the end, he saw the beauty of tawḤīd with the eyes of face-to-face vision and said, 'I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.

He said, �Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.�That fact that he was going in God necessitated his going to God. He went forth well in God's work so he went straight in God's road.About Abraham the Real says, �Surely I am going to my Lord,� reporting his words. Con- cerning Moses He says, �Moses came to Our appointed time� [7:143], reporting his attribute. About MuṣṬafā He says, �Who took His servant by night� [17:1], reporting His attribute for his sake. Abraham was in the station of dispersion, Moses in togetherness itself, and MuṣṬafā in the togetherness of togetherness. The mark of Abraham's dispersion is Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth [6:79]. The mark of Moses' togetherness is We brought him near as a confidant [19:52]. The mark of MuṣṬafā's togetherness of togetherness is Then He drew close, and He came down [53:8].In the tasting of the folk of recognition, Surely I am going to my Lord alludes to the disen- tanglement of the servant. The meaning of disentanglement is to be cut off from all along with the Real, in the beginning through effort and in the end totally. In the beginning, the body is striving, the tongue is in remembrance, and one's lifespan is in effort. At the end, one is on loan to the people, estranged from oneself, and at ease from attachment. For one hundred years the sun will rise in the east and set in the west before a disentangled man is given the eyes to discern the station of creation from the station of the Real and know the difference between the beginning and the end. WāsiṬī said, �Abraham was going from creation to the Real, and MuḤammad was coming from theReal to creation. Someone who goes from creation to the Real recognizes the Real through evidence, and someone who goes from the Real to creation recognizes the evidence through the Real. Do you not see that Abraham came by way of the evidence? When he arrived at a bit of evidence, he would say, 'This is my Lord' [6:76]. This was the beginning of his state. When he reached the end, he saw the beauty of tawḤīd with the eyes of face-to-face vision and said, 'I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.

وقال إبراهيم: إني مهاجر إلى ربي من بلد قومي إلى حيث أتمكن من عبادة ربي؛ فإنه سيدلني على الخير في ديني ودنياي. رب أعطني ولدًا صالحًا.

يقول تعالى مخبرا عن خليله إبراهيم عليه الصلاة والسلام إنه بعدما نصره الله تعالى على قومه وأيس من إيمانهم بعدما شاهدوا من الآيات العظيمة هاجر من بين أظهرهم وقال "إني ذاهب إلى ربي سيهدين رب هب لي من الصالحين" يعني أولادا مطيعين يكونون عوضا من قومه وعشيرته الذين فارقهم.

ثم تسوق لنا السورة الكريمة بعد ذلك جانبا آخر من قصة إبراهيم - عليه السلام - هذا الجانب يتمثل فى هجرته من أجل نشر دعوة الحق وفى تضرعه إلى ربه أن يرزقه الذرية الصالحة ، فتقول : ( وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إلى رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ . رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنَ الصالحين . . )أى : قال إبراهيم بعد أن نجاه الله - تعالى - من كيد أعدائه ( وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إلى رَبِّي ) أى : إلى المكان الذى أمرنى ربى بالسير إليه ، وهو بلاد الشام ، وقد تكفل - سبحانه - بهدايتى إلى ما فيه صلاح دينى ودنياى .قال القرطبى : " هذه الآية أصل فى الهجرة والعزلة . وأول من فعل ذلك إبراهيم - عليه السلام - وذلك حين خلصه الله من النار ( وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إلى رَبِّي ) أى : مهاجر من بدل قومى ومولدى ، إلى حيث أتمكن من عبادة ربى ، فإنه ( سَيَهْدِينِ ) فيما نويت إلى الصواب .قال مقاتل : هو أول من هاجر من الخلق مع لوط وسارة . إلى الأرض المقدسة وهى أرض الشام . .والسين فى قوله : ( سَيَهْدِينِ ) لتأكيد وقوع الهداية فى المستقبل ، بناء على شدة توكله ، وعظيم أمله فى تحقيق ما يرجوه من ربه ، لأنه ما هاجر من موطنه إلا من أجل نشر دينه وشريعته - سبحانه - .

وقوله ( وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ ) يقول: وقال إبراهيم لما أفْلَجَه الله على قومه ونجاه من كيدهم: ( إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي ) يقول: إني مُهَاجِرٌ من بلدة قومي إلى الله: أي إلى الأرض المقدَّسة، ومفارقهم، فمعتزلهم لعبادة الله.وكان قتادة يقول في ذلك ما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة: ( وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ ) : ذاهب بعمله وقلبه ونيته.وقال آخرون في ذلك: إنما قال إبراهيم ( إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي ) حين أرادوا أن يلقوه في النار.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا محمد بن المثني، قال: ثنا أبو داود، قال: ثنا شعبة، عن أبي إسحاق، قال: سمعت سليمان بن صُرَد يقول: لما أرادوا أن يُلْقوا إبراهيم في النار ( قَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ ) فجمع الحطب، فجاءت عجوز على ظهرها حطب، فقيل لها: أين تريدين ؟ قالت: أريد أذهب إلى هذا الرجل الذي يُلْقَى في النار; فلما ألقي فيها، قال: حَسْبِيَ الله عليه توكلت، أو قال: حسبي الله ونعم الوكيل، قال: فقال الله: يَا نَارُ كُونِي بَرْدًا وَسَلامًا عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ قال: فقال ابن لُوط، أو ابن أخي لوط: إن النار لم تحرقه من أجلي، وكان بينهما قرابة، فأرسل الله عليه عُنُقا من النار فأحرقته.وإنما اخترت القول الذي قلت في ذلك، لأن الله تبارك وتعالى ذكر خبره &; 21-72 &; وخبر قومه في موضع آخر، فأخبر أنه لما نجاه مما حاول قومه من إحراقه قال إِنِّي مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَى رَبِّي ففسر أهل التأويل ذلك أن معناه: إني مهاجر إلى أرض الشام، فكذلك قوله ( إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي ) لأنه كقوله إِنِّي مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَى رَبِّي وقوله ( سَيَهْدِينِ ) يقول: سيثبتني على الهدى الذي أبصرته، ويعيننى عليه.

( وقال ) - يعني - إبراهيم : ( إني ذاهب إلى ربي ) أي : مهاجر إلى ربي ، والمعنى : أهجر دار الكفر وأذهب إلى مرضاة ربي ، قاله بعد الخروج من النار ، كما قال : " إني مهاجر إلى ربي " ( العنكبوت - 26 ) ، ) ( سيهدين ) إلى حيث أمرني بالمصير إليه ، وهو الشام .

وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ (99) لما نجا إبراهيم من نارهم صمّم على الخروج من بلده ( أُور الكلدانيين ) .وهذه أول هجرة في سبيل الله للبعد عن عبادة غير الله . والتوراة بعد أن طوت سبب أمر الله إياه بالخروج ذكر فيها أنه خرج قاصداً بلاد حَران في أرض كنعان ( وهي بلاد الفينيقيين ) .والظاهر : أن هذا القول قاله علنَاً في قومه ليكفوا عن أذاهُ ، وكان الأمم الماضون يُعدّون الجلاء من مقاطع الحقوق ، قال زهير :وإن الحق مقطعه ثلاث ... يَمين أو نِفار أو جَلاءولذلك لما أُمر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالهجرة من مكة لم يتعرض له قريش في بادىء الأمر ثم خافوا أن تنتشر دعوته في الخارج فراموا اللحاق به فحبسهم الله عنه .ويحتمل أن يكون قال ذلك في أهله الذين يريد أن يخرج بهم معه فمعنى { ذاهبٌ إلى ربي } مهاجر إلى حيث أعبد ربّي وحده ولا أعبد آلهة غيره ولا أفتَن في عبادته كما فتنت في بلدهم .ومراد الله أن يفضي إلى بلوغ مكة ليقيم هنالك أول مسجد لإِعلان توحيد الله فسلك به المسالك التي سلكها حتى بلغ به مكة وأودع بها أهلاً ونسلاً ، وأقام بها قبيلة دينُها التوحيد ، وبنى لله معبداً ، وجعل نسله حفظة بيت الله ، ولعلّ الله أطلعه على تلك الغاية بالوحي أو سترها عنه حتى وجد نفسه عندها فلذلك أنطقه بأن ذهابه إلى الله نطقاً عن علم أو عن توفيق .وجملة { سَيَهْدِينِ } يجوز أن تكون حالاً وهو الأظهر لأنه أراد إعلام قومه بأنه واثق بربه وأنه لا تردد له في مفارقتهم ، ويجوز أن تكون استئنافاً؛ فعلى الأول هي حال من اسم الجلالة ، ولا يمنع من جعل الجملة حالاً اقترانها بحرف الاستقبال فإن حرف الاستقبال يدل على أنها حال مقدّرة ، والتقدير : أني ذاهب إلى ربّي مقدِّراً ، كما لم يمتنع مجيء الحال معمولاً لعامل مستقبل كما في قوله تعالى : { سيدخلون جهنم داخرين } [ غافر : 60 ] وقوله تعالى : { إن معي ربي سيهدين } [ الشعراء : 62 ] وقول سعد بن ناشب :سأغسل عني العار بالسيف جالباً ... علي قضاءُ الله ما كان جالباًوامتناع اقتران جملة الحال بعلامة الاستقبال في الإِثبات أو النفي مذهب بصري ، وهو ناظر إلى غالب أحوال استعمال الحال ، وجوازه مذهب كوفي كما ذكره ابن الأنباري في «الإنصاف» ، والحق في جانب نحاة الكوفة . وقد تلقّف المذهب البصري معظمُ علماء العربية وتحيّر المحققون منهم في تأييده فلجأوا إلى أن علته استبشاع الجمع بين كون الكلمة حالاً وبين اقترانها بعلامة الاستقبال . ونُبينُه بأن الحال ما سميت حالاً إلا لأن المراد منها ثبوت وصف في الحال وهذا ينافي اقترانها بعلامة الاستقبال تنافياً في الجملة . هذا بيان ما وجّه به الرضيّ مذهب البصريين وتبعه التفتزاني في مبحث الحال من شرحه المطوّل على «تلخيص المفتاح» .وفي مبحث الاستفهام ب ( هل ) منه . وقد زيف السيد الجرجاني في «حاشية المطوّل» ذلك التوجيه في مبحث الحال تزييفاً رشيقاً .ويجوز أن تكون جملة { سيهدينِ } مستأنفة وبذلك أجاب نحاة البصرة عن تمسك نحاة الكوفة بالآية في جواز اقتران الحال بعلَم الاستقبال ، فالاستئناف بياني بياناً لسبب هجرته .

{ وَ } لما فعلوا فيه هذا الفعل، وأقام عليهم الحجة، وأعذر منهم، { قال إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّي } أي: مهاجر إليه، قاصد إلى الأرض المباركة أرض الشام. { سَيَهْدِينِ } يدلني إلى ما فيه الخير لي، من أمر ديني ودنياي، وقال في الآية الأخرى: { وَأَعْتَزِلُكُمْ وَمَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَأَدْعُو رَبِّي عَسَى أَلَّا أَكُونَ بِدُعَاءِ رَبِّي شَقِيًّا }

هذه الآية أصل في الهجرة والعزلة . وأول من فعل ذلك إبراهيم - عليه السلام - ، وذلك حين خلصه الله من النار قال إني ذاهب إلى ربي أي : مهاجر من بلد قومي ومولدي إلى حيث أتمكن من عبادة ربي فإنه سيهدين فيما نويت إلى الصواب . قال مقاتل : هو أول من هاجر من الخلق مع لوط وسارة ، إلى الأرض المقدسة وهي أرض الشام . وقيل : ذاهب بعملي وعبادتي ، وقلبي ونيتي . فعلى هذا ذهابه بالعمل لا بالبدن . وقد مضى بيان هذا في [ الكهف ] مستوفى . وعلى الأول بالمهاجرة إلى الشام وبيت المقدس . وقيل : خرج إلى حران فأقام بها مدة . ثم قيل : قال ذلك لمن فارقه من قومه ، فيكون ذلك توبيخا لهم . وقيل : قاله لمن هاجر معه من أهله ، فيكون ذلك منه ترغيبا . وقيل : قال هذا قبل إلقائه في النار . وفيه على هذا القول تأويلان : أحدهما : إني ذاهب إلى ما قضاه علي ربي . الثاني : إني ميت ، كما يقال لمن مات : قد ذهب إلى الله تعالى ; لأنه - عليه السلام - تصور أنه يموت بإلقائه في النار ، على المعهود من حالها في تلف ما يلقى فيها ، إلى أن قيل لها : كوني بردا وسلاما فحينئذ سلم إبراهيم منها . وفي قوله : سيهدين على هذا القول تأويلان : أحدهما سيهدين إلى الخلاص منها . الثاني : إلى الجنة . وقال سليمان بن صرد وهو ممن أدرك النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : لما أرادوا إلقاء إبراهيم في النار جعلوا يجمعون له الحطب ، فجعلت المرأة العجوز تحمل على ظهرها وتقول : أذهب به إلى هذا الذي يذكر آلهتنا ، فلما ذهب به ليطرح في النار قال إني ذاهب إلى ربي . فلما طرح في النار قال : حسبي الله ونعم الوكيل فقال الله تعالى : يا نار كوني بردا وسلاما فقال أبو لوط وكان ابن عمه : إن النار لم تحرقه من أجل قرابته مني . فأرسل الله عنقا من النار فأحرقه .

The people of Abraham’s community were perhaps going out of town to participate in some festival. Members of his household invited him to accompany them, but he managed somehow to excuse himself. When all the people had left, he entered the temple during the night and broke the deities kept there. It is important to note here that Abraham did so after continuous logical persuasion had failed to yield any result. When his people did not realise or accept the falsity of the deities by means of rational pleadings, by breaking the deities Abraham demonstrated that they were just a sham. Had they been genuine deities, they would have saved themselves from being smashed. This infuriated the people of Abraham’s community so much that they decided to kill him and throw him into a fire. But God saved him from it. Thereafter, he left his native place, Mesopotamia (now called Iraq). At that time, he prayed, ‘O, God ! Bless me with a pious and righteous offspring so that, by teaching and training, I may make him a believer and a Muslim who, after me, will continue to perform the mission of preaching the oneness of God.’

Commentary The sacrifice of a son Another event in the blessed life of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) has been described in the verses cited above. This is the event of the sacrifice of his first-born son in the way of Allah. Explanatory Notes on the verses The first verse (99) opens with the words:... وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَىٰ رَ‌بِّي سَيَهْدِينِ (And he said, "I am going to my Lord...). Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) said this at a time when he was totally disappointed by his countrymen, for nobody except Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) ، his nephew, was willing to believe in him. The statement: دار الکفر (I am going to my Lord) means that he will leave the abode of disbelief and go to a place whereto Allah Ta’ ala has commanded him to go, a place where he will be able to worship his Lord in peace. So, he started on a journey accompanied by his blessed wife, Sayyidah Sarah ؓ and his nephew, Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) . After having passed through different areas of Iraq, he finally reached Syria. Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) had no children until then, therefore, he made the prayer mentioned in the next verse (100).

(And he said) Abraham said to Lot: (Lo! I am going unto my Lord) I am going to worship my Lord (Who will guide me) who will save me from them.