Ornaments of Gold, Luxury, The Embellishment — Verse 58
43:58 · az-Zukhruf
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وَقَالُوۤا۟ ءَأَ ٰلِهَتُنَا خَیۡرٌ أَمۡ هُوَۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلَۢاۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ قَوۡمٌ خَصِمُونَ ٥٨
waqālū aālihatunā khayrun am huwa mā ḍarabūhu laka illā jadalan bal hum qawmun khaṣimūn
Ornaments of Gold, Luxury, The Embellishment / az-Zukhruf (43:58)
Connections 2 multi-source 2 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators
Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 4 verses 8 mentions total
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 2 verses
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
saying, ‘Are our gods better or him?’- they cite him only to challenge you: they are a contentious people
waqālū aālihatunā khayrun am huwa mā ḍarabūhu laka illā jadalan bal hum qawmun khaṣimūn
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Tafsir Commentary
The Contempt of the Quraysh for the son of Maryam, and His true Status with Allah
Allah tells us how the Quraysh persisted in their disbelief and stubborn arguments:
وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلاً إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ
(And when the son of Maryam is quoted as an example, behold, your people cry aloud thereat.) Several others narrated that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak said, "They laughed, i.e., they were astounded by that." Qatadah said, "They were repelled by that and they laughed." Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said, "They turned away." The reason for this was mentioned by Muhammad bin Ishaq in As-Sirah. He said, "According to what I have heard, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat down one day with Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah in the Masjid, and An-Nadr bin Al-Harith came and sat down with them. There were also other men from the Quraysh in the gathering. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke, then An-Nadr bin Al-Harith came up to him and the Messenger of Allah spoke to him until he defeated him in argument. Then he recited to him and to them,
إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ
(Certainly you and that which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell! (Surely) you will enter it.) (21:98) Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up and went to sit with `Abdullah bin Al-Zab`ari At-Tamimi. Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah said to him, `By Allah, An-Nadr bin Al-Harith could not match the son of `Abd Al-Muttalib in argument. Muhammad ﷺ claims that we and these gods that we worship are fuel for Hell.' `Abdullah bin Az-Zab`ari said, `By Allah, if I meet with him I will defeat him in argument. Ask Muhammad ﷺ whether everyone that is worshipped instead of Allah will be in Hell with those who worshipped him, for we worship the angels, and the Jews worship `Uzayr, and the Christians worship the Messiah `Isa bin Maryam.' Al-Walid and those who were sitting with him were amazed at what `Abdullah bin Az-Zab`ari said, and they thought that he had come up with a good point. He said this to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said:
«كُلُّ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعْبَدَ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ فَهُوَ مَعَ مَنْ عَبَدَهُ، فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَعْبُدُونَ الشَّيْطَانَ وَمَنْ أَمَرَهُمْ بِعِبَادَتِه»
(Everyone who likes to worship something other than Allah will be with the one whom he worshipped, for indeed they are worshipping the Shaytan and whomever told them to worship that person.)" Then Allah revealed the words:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ سَبَقَتْ لَهُمْ مِّنَّا الْحُسْنَى أُوْلَـئِكَ عَنْهَا مُبْعَدُونَ
(Verily, those for whom the good has preceded from Us, they will be removed far therefrom (Hell)) (21:101), meaning that `Isa, `Uzayr and rabbis and monks who were also worshipped, who spent their lives in devotion towards Allah. The misguided people who came after them took them as lords instead of Allah. Concerning the notion of worshipping the angels as daughters of Allah, the following words were revealed:
وَقَالُواْ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَلَداً سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ
(And they say: "The Most Gracious has begotten a son (or children)." Glory to Him! They are but honored servants.) (21:26) Concerning `Isa bin Maryam, the fact that he is worshipped instead of Allah, and to the amazement of Al-Walid and the others who were present at the argument, the following was revealed:
وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلاً إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ
(And when the son of Maryam is quoted as an example, behold, your people cry aloud thereat.) meaning, they take this argument as a basis for rejecting your message. Then Allah mentions `Isa bin Maryam and says:
إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلْنَـهُ مَثَلاً لِّبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ - وَلَوْ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلْنَا مِنكُمْ مَّلَـئِكَةً فِى الاٌّرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ وَإِنَّهُ لَعِلْمٌ لِّلسَّاعَةِ
(He was not more than a servant. We granted Our favor to him, and We made him an example for the Children of Israel. And if it were Our will, We would have made angels to replace you on the earth. And he (`Isa) shall be a known sign for the Hour. ) meaning, the miracles and signs that happened at his hands, such as raising the dead and healing the sick, are sufficient as signs of the approach of the Hour.
فَلاَ تَمْتَرُنَّ بِهَا وَاتَّبِعُونِ هَـذَا صِرَطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ
(Therefore have no doubt concerning it. And follow Me! This is the straight path)." Ibn Jarir mentioned that Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, commented on the Ayah:
وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلاً إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ
(And when the son of Maryam is quoted as an example, behold, your people cry aloud thereat.) "This means the Quraysh, when it was said to them:
إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ
(Certainly you and that which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell! (Surely) you will enter it.) (21:98) The Quraysh said to him: `What about `Isa bin Maryam' He said:
«ذَاكَ عَبْدُاللهِ وَرَسُولُه»
(He is the servant and Messenger of Allah.) They said, `By Allah, he means that we should take him as a lord just as the Christians took `Isa son of Maryam as a lord.' Then Allah said:
مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلاَّ جَدَلاَ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ
(They quoted not the above example except for argument. Nay! But they are a quarrelsome people)."
وَقَالُواْ ءَأَالِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ
(And say: "Are our gods better or is he"). Qatadah said, "They were saying, `our gods are better than him'." Qatadah said; "Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, recited it (أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هذَا) (Are our gods better or is this (person))" they mean Muhammad ﷺ.
مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلاَّ جَدَلاَ
(They quoted not the above example except for argument.) means, for the sake of stubborn argument, for they knew that he (`Isa ) was not included in the Ayah (21:98), because that would not make sense. The words,
إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ
(Certainly you and that which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell!) (21:98) are addressed to the Quraysh, for they used to worship idols and false gods -- they did not worship the Messiah so why should he be included in what the Ayah says What they said was only for the sake of argument; they did not really believe in it. Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«مَا ضَلَّ قَوْمٌ بَعْدَ هُدًى كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ، إِلَّا أُوْرِثُوا الْجَدَل»
g(No people go astray after having been guided, but they resort to (futile) argument.) Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited this Ayah:
مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلاَّ جَدَلاَ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ
(They quoted not the above example except for argument. Nay! But they are a quarrelsome people)." It was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and Ibn Jarir. At-Tirmidhi said, "This Hadith is Hasan Sahih, we do not know it except from the Hadith of Hajjaj bin Dinar..."
إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ
(He (`Isa) was not more than a servant. We granted Our favor to him,) means, `Isa, peace be upon him; he was no more than one of the servants of Allah whom Allah blessed with prophethood and messengership.
وَجَعَلْنَـهُ مَثَلاً لِّبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ
(and We made him an example for the Children of Israel.) means, `a sign, proof and evidence of Our power to do whatever We will.'
وَلَوْ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلْنَا مِنكُمْ مَّلَـئِكَةً فِى الاٌّرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ
(And if it were Our will, We would have made angels to replace you on the earth.) As-Suddi said, "They would have taken your place on (the earth). " Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and Qatadah said, "They would have succeeded one another just as you succeed one another." This view is implied by the former veiw. Mujahid said, "They would have populated the earth instead of you." Allah's saying:
وَإِنَّهُ لَعِلْمٌ لِّلسَّاعَةِ
(And he (`Isa) shall be a known sign for (the coming of) the Hour.) The correct view concerning this phrase is that it refers to his descent before the Day of Resurrection, as Allah says:
وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ إِلاَّ لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ
(And there is none of the People of the Scripture but must believe in him before his death) (4:159). -- meaning before the death of `Isa, peace be upon him --
وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً
And on the Day of Resurrection, he will be a witness against them )4:159(. This meaning has the support from an alternate recitation of the Aya0t؛ (وَإِنَّهُ لَعَلَمٌ لِلسَّاعَةِ) (And he shall be a known sign for (the coming of) the Hour.) means, evidence that the Hour will surely come. Mujahid said:
وَإِنَّهُ لَعِلْمٌ لِّلسَّاعَةِ
(And he shall be a sign for (the coming of) the Hour.) means, sign and "One of the signs of the Hour will be the appearance of `Isa son of Maryam before the Day of Resurrection. " Something similar was also narrated from Abu Hurayrah, Ibn `Abbas, `Abu Al-`Aliyah, Abu Malik, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and others. Many Mutawatir Hadiths report that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that `Isa will descend before the Day of Resurrection as a just ruler and fair judge.
فَلاَ تَمْتَرُنَّ بِهَا
(Therefore have no doubt concerning it.) means, do not doubt that it will surely come to pass.
وَاتَّبِعُونِ
(And follow Me.) means, `in what I tell you about it.'
هَـذَا صِرَطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌوَلاَ يَصُدَّنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَـنُ
(This is the straight path. And let not Shaytan hinder you.) means, from following the truth.
إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌوَلَمَّا جَآءَ عِيسَى بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ قَالَ قَدْ جِئْتُكُم بِالْحِكْمَةِ
(Verily, he (Satan) to you is a plain enemy. And when `Isa came with (Our) clear proofs, he said: "I have come to you with Al-Hikmah..."), meaning prophethood:
وَلأُبَيِّنَ لَكُم بَعْضَ الَّذِى تَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ
(and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) in which you differ.) Ibn Jarir said, "This means religious matters, not worldly matters." What he said is good.
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ
(Therefore have Taqwa of Allah) means, `with regard to what I command you to do.'
وَأَطِيعُونِ
(and obey me.) means, `in what I bring to you.'
إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ رَبِّى وَرَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ هَـذَا صِرَطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ
(Verily, Allah! He is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. This is the straight path.) means, `you and I are enslaved to Him, in need of Him and we commonly share in the worship of Him Alone, associating none with Him.'
هَـذَا صِرَطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ
(This is the straight path) means, `what I have brought to you is the straight path, which is the worship of the Lord, may He exalted, Alone.'
فَاخْتَلَفَ الاٌّحْزَابُ مِن بَيْنِهِمْ
(But the sects from among themselves differed. ) means, they differed and became parties and factions, some who stated that he (`Isa) was the servant and Messenger of Allah -- which is true - while others claimed that he was the son of Allah or that he himself was Allah -- glorified be Allah far above what they say. Allah says:
فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمٍ أَلِيمٍ
(So woe to those who do wrong from the torment of a painful Day)!
And they say ‘Are our gods better or he?’ Jesus. We are satisfied that our gods be in the same predicament with him. They only cite this that is the example to you for the sake of contention merely arguing with falsehood for they know that the particle mā of wa-mā ta‘budūna ‘and what you worship’ refers only to non-rational beings and cannot therefore include Jesus peace be upon him. Nay but they are a contentious lot an extremely disputatious folk.
وقال مشركو قومك -أيها الرسول-: أآلهتنا التي نعبدها خير أم عيسى الذي يعبده قومه؟ فإذا كان عيسى في النار، فلنكن نحن وآلهتنا معه، ما ضربوا لك هذا المثل إلا جدلا بل هم قوم مخاصمون بالباطل.
قال قتادة يقولون آلهتنا خير منه وقال قتادة قرأ ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه وقولوا أآلهتنا خير أم هذا يعنون محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم.وقوله تبارك وتعالى "ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا" أي مراء وهم يعلمون أنه ليس بوارد على الآية لأنها لما لا يعقل وهي قوله تعالى "إنكم وما تعبدون من دون الله حصب جهنم "ثم هى خطاب لقريش وهم إنما كانوا يعبدون الأصنام والأنداد ولم يكونوا يعبدون المسيح حتى يوردوه فتعين أن مقالتهم إنما كانت جدلا منهم ليسوا يعتقدون صحتها وقد قال الإمام أحمد رحمه الله تعالى حدثنا ابن نمير حدثنا حجاج بن دينار عن أبي غالب عن أبي أمامة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ما ضل قوم بعد هدى كانوا عليه إلا أورثوا الجدل " ثم تلا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هذه الآية "ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمون" وقد رواه الترمذي وابن ماجة وابن جرير من حديث حجاج بن دينار به ثم قال الترمذي حسن صحيح لا نعرفه إلا من حديثه كذا قال وقد روي من وجه آخر عن أبي أمامة رضي الله عنه بزيادة فقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا حميد بن عياش الرملي حدثنا مؤمل حدثنا حماد أخبرنا ابن مخزوم عن القاسم بن أبي عبد الرحمن السامي عن أبي أمامة رضي الله عنه قال حماد لا أدري رفعه أم لا ؟ قال: ما ضلت أمة بعد نبيها إلا كان أول ضـلالها التكذيب بالقدر وما ضلت أمة بعد نبيها إلا أعطوا الجدل ثم قرأ "ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمون" وقال ابن جرير أيضا حدثنا أبو كريب حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الرحمن عن عبادة بن عباد عن جعفر عن القاسم عن أبي أمامة رضي الله عنه قال: إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خرج على الناس وهم يتنازعون في القرآن فغضب غضبا شديدا حتى كأنما صب على وجهه الخل ثم قال صلى الله عليه وسلم " لا تضربوا كتاب الله بعضه ببعض فإنه ما ضل قوم قط إلا أوتوا الجدل " ثم تلا صلى الله عليه وسلم "ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمون".
ثم بين - سبحانه - أقوالهم التى بنو عليها باطلهم فقال : ( وقالوا أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ ) ؟ والضمير ( هُوَ ) يعود إلى عيسى - عليه السلام - .ومرادهم بالاستفهام تفضيل عيسى - عليه السلام - على آلهتهم ، مجاراة للنبى - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .فكأنهم يقولون : لقد أخبرتنا بأن عيسى ابن مريم رسول من رسل الله - تعالى - وأنه خير من آلهتنا . . . . فإن كان فى النار يوم القيامة لأن الله - تعالى - يقول : ( إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ الله حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ ) فقد رضينا أن نكون نحن وآلهتنا فى النار .وقد أبطل الله زعمهم هذا بقوله : ( مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلاَّ جَدَلاً ) .أى : لا تهتم - أيها الرسول الكريم - بما قالوه ، فإنهم ما ضربوا لك هذا المثل بعيسى إلا من أجل مجادلتك بالباطل ، وليس من أجل الوصول إلى الحق .وقوله : ( بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ ) مؤكد لما قبله من كونهم قالوا ذلك لأجل الجدل بالباطل ، لا لطلب الحق ، وإضراب عن مزاعمهم وعن مجاراتهم فى خصومتهم .أى : ذرهم - أيها الرسول الكريم - فى باطلهم يعمهون ، فإنهم قوم مجبولون على الخصومة ، دون أن يكون هدفه الوصول إلى الحق .وجاء التعبير فى قوله : ( مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلاَّ جَدَلاً ) بصيغة الجمع ، مع أن ضارب المثل واحد ، وهو ابن الزبعرى ، لأن إسناد فعل الواحد إلى الجماعة ، من الأساليب المعروفة فى اللغة العربية ، ومنه قول الشاعر :فسَيف بنى عبس وقد ضربوا به ... نبا بيدى ورقاء عن رأس خالدفإنه قد نسب الضرب إلى جميع بنى عبس ، مع تصريحه بأن الضراب واحد ، وهو رقاء . . ولأنهم لما أيدوا ابن الزبعرى فى قوله ، فكأنهم جميعا قد قالوه . .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَقَالُوا أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلا جَدَلا بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ (58)يقول تعالى ذكره: وقال مشركو قومك يا محمد: آلهتنا التي نعبدها خير؟ أم محمد فنعبد محمدا؟ ونترك آلهتنا؟.وذُكر أن ذلك في قراءة أبيّ بن كعب: " أآلهتنا خير أم هذا " .* ذكر الرواية بذلك: حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور عن معمر, عن قتادة أن في حرف أبي بن كعب " وقالوا أآلهتنا خير أم هذا " يعنون محمدا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم.وقال آخرون: بل عنى بذلك: آلهتنا خير أم عيسى؟.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا محمد بن الحسين, قال: ثنا أحمد بن المفضل, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ, في قوله: ( وَقَالُوا أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلا جَدَلا بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ ) قال: خاصموه, فقالوا: يزعم أن كلّ من عبد من دون الله في النار, فنحن نرضى أن تكون آلهتنا مع عيسى وعُزير والملائكة هؤلاء قد عُبدوا من دون الله, قال: فأنـزل الله براءة عيسى.حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, فى قوله: ( أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ ) قال: عبد هؤلاء عيسى, ونحن نعبد الملائكة.وقوله: ( مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلا جَدَلا بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ ).... إلى ( فِي الأرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ ). وقوله تعالى ذكره: ( مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلا جَدَلا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ما مثلوا لك هذا المثل يا محمد ولا قالوا لك هذا القول إلا جدلا وخصومة يخاصمونك به ( بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه: ما بقومك يا محمد هؤلاء المشركين في محاجتهم إياك بما يحاجونك به طلب الحق ( بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ ) يلتمسون الخصومة بالباطل.وذُكر عن النبي صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أنه قال: " ما ضل قوم عن الحق إلا أوتوا الجدل ".* ذكر الرواية ذلك: حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا يعلى, قال: ثنا الحجاج بن دينار, عن أبي غالب عن أبي أمامة قال: قال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " ما ضل قوم بعد هدى كانوا عليه إلا أوتوا الجدل, وقرأ: ( مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلا جَدَلا )... الآية.حدثني موسى بن عبد الرحمن الكندي وأبو كُرَيب قالا ثنا محمد بن بشر, قال: ثنا حجاج بن دينار, عن أبي أُمامة " أن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, خرج على الناس وهم يتنازعون في القرآن, فغضب غضبا شديدًا, حتى كأنما صبّ على وجهه الخلّ, ثم قال صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " لا تَضْرِبُوا كِتَابَ الله بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ, فإنَّهُ ما ضَلَّ قَوْمٌ قَطُّ إلا أُوتُوا الجَدَلَ", ثم تلا( مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلا جَدَلا بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ ).
( وقالوا أآلهتنا خير أم هو ) قال قتادة : " أم هو " يعنون محمدا ، فنعبده ونطيعه ونترك آلهتنا .وقال السدي وابن زيد : " أم هو " يعني عيسى ، قالوا : يزعم محمد أن كل ما عبد من دون الله في النار فنحن نرضى أن تكون آلهتنا مع عيسى وعزير والملائكة في النار ، وقال الله تعالى : ( ما ضربوه ) يعني هذا المثل ( لك إلا جدلا ) خصومة بالباطل وقد علموا أن المراد من قوله : " وما تعبدون من دون الله حصب جهنم " ( الأنبياء - 98 ) ، هؤلاء الأصنام . ( بل هم قوم خصمون ) .أخبرنا أبو سعيد الشريحي ، أخبرنا أبو إسحاق الثعلبي ، أخبرنا أبو بكر عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله الحمشاوي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن حمدان القطيعي ، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل ، حدثني أبي ، حدثنا عبد الله بن نمير ، حدثنا حجاج بن دينار الواسطي ، عن أبي غالب عن أبي أمامة قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " ما ضل قوم بعد هدى كانوا عليه إلا أوتوا الجدل " ، ثم قرأ : " ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمون " .
وَقَالُوا أَآَلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلًا بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ (58)والاستفهام في قوله : { آلهتنا خير أم هو } تقريري للعلم بأن النبي يفضل عيسى على آلهتهم ، أي فقد لزمك أنك جعلت أهلاً للنار مَن كنتَ تفضله فأمرُ آلهتنا هيّن .وضمير الرفع في { ما ضربوه } عائد إلى ابن الزبعرى وقومه الذين أعجبوا بكلامه وقالوا بموجبه . وضمير النصب الغائب يجوز أن يكون عائداً إلى المثَل في قوله : { ولما ضرب ابن مريم مثلاً } ، أي ما ضربوا لك ذلك المثل إلا جدلاً منهم ، أي محاجة وإفحاماً لك وليسوا بمعتقدين هَوْن أمر آلِهَتِهِمْ عندهم ، ولا بِطالبين الميزَ بين الحق والباطل ، فإنهم لا يعتقدون أن عيسى خير من آلهتهم ولكنهم أرادوا مجاراة النبي في قوله ليُفْضوا إلى إلزامه بما أرادوه من المناقضة .ويجوز أن يكون ضمير النصب في { ضربوه } عائداً إلى مصدر مأخوذ من فعل { وقالوا } ، أي ما ضربوا ذلك القول ، أي ما قالوه إلا جَدلا . فالضرب بمعنى الإيجاد كما يقال : ضرب بيتاً ، وقول الفرزدق :ضَربتْ عليك العنكبوتُ بنسجهاوالاستثناء في { إلا جدلاً } مفرّغ للمفعول لأجله أو للحال ، فيجوز أن ينتصب { جدلاً } على المفعول لأجله ، أي ما ضربوه لشيء إلاّ للجدل ، ويجوز أن يُنصب على الحال بتأويله بمجادلين أي ما ضربوه في حال من أحوالهم إلا في حال أنهم مجادلون لا مؤمنون بذلك .وقوله : { بل هم قوم خصمون } إضراب انتقالي إلى وصفهم بحب الخصام وإظهارهم من الحجج ما لا يعتقدونه تمويهاً على عامتهم .والخَصِم بكسر الصاد : شديد التمسك بالخصومة واللجاج مع ظهور الحق عنده ، فهو يُظهر أن ذلك ليس بحق .وقرأ الجمهور { آلهتنا } بتسهيل الهمزة الثانية . وقرأه عاصم وحمزة والكسائي بتخفيفها .
{ وَقَالُوا أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ } يعني: عيسى، حيث نهي عن عبادة الجميع، وشورك بينهم بالوعيد على من عبدهم، ونزل أيضا قوله تعالى: { إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ } ووجه حجتهم الظالمة، أنهم قالوا: قد تقرر عندنا وعندك يا محمد، أن عيسى من عباد الله المقربين، الذين لهم العاقبة الحسنة، فلم سويت بينه وبينها في النهي عن عبادة الجميع؟ فلولا أن حجتك باطلة لم تتناقض.ولم قلت: { إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ } وهذا اللفظ بزعمهم، يعم الأصنام، وعيسى، فهل هذا إلا تناقض؟ وتناقض الحجة دليل على بطلانها، هذا أنهى ما يقررون به هذه الشبهة [الذي] فرحوا بها واستبشروا، وجعلوا يصدون ويتباشرون.وهي -وللّه الحمد- من أضعف الشبه وأبطلها، فإن تسوية الله بين النهي عن عبادة المسيح، وبين النهي عن عبادة الأصنام، لأن العبادة حق للّه تعالى، لا يستحقها أحد من الخلق، لا الملائكة المقربون، ولا الأنبياء المرسلون، ولا من سواهم من الخلق، فأي شبهة في تسوية النهي عن عبادة عيسى وغيره؟
قوله تعالى : وقالوا أآلهتنا خير أم هو ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمونقوله تعالى : وقالوا أآلهتنا خير أم هو أي آلهتنا خير أم عيسى ؟ قاله السدي . وقال : خاصموه وقالوا إن كل من عبد من دون الله في النار ، فنحن نرضى أن تكون آلهتنا مع عيسى والملائكة وعزير ، فأنزل الله تعالى : إن الذين سبقت لهم منا الحسنى أولئك عنها مبعدون الآية . وقال قتادة : ( أم هو ) يعنون محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم . وفي قراءة ابن مسعود ( آلهتنا خير أم هذا ) وهو يقوي قول قتادة ، فهو استفهام تقرير في أن آلهتهم خير . وقرأ الكوفيون ويعقوب ( أألهتنا ) بتحقيق الهمزتين ، ولين الباقون . وقد تقدم . ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا ( جدلا ) حال ، أي : جدلين . يعني ما ضربوا لك هذا المثل إلا إرادة الجدل ; لأنهم علموا أن المراد بحصب جهنم ما اتخذوه من الموات ( بل هم قوم خصمون ) مجادلون بالباطل . وفي صحيح الترمذي عن أبي أمامة قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : ما ضل قوم بعد هدى كانوا عليه [ ص: 96 ] إلا أوتوا الجدل - ثم تلا رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - هذه الآية - ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمون .
In this world it is possible for a man to derive a perverse meaning from every statement. For instance, the Messenger of God once said: ‘Whoever is worshipped other than God has no good in him.’ On hearing this, his opponents pointed out that the Christians worshipped Jesus Christ. Did it mean that Jesus Christ had no good in him? Obviously, this was only irrelevant hair-splitting, because the saying of the Prophet of God was in relation to the worshippers and not the objects of their worship. Even if it is presumed that it was in relation to the latter, it obviously meant those beings who, while unworthy of worship, acquiesced in their being deified. If a man does not take a saying in its right sense, it is possible for him to clothe it in a perverse meaning, howsoever right and proper it may be. The personality of Jesus Christ in a way resembled that of an angel. In view of this, many people made him an object of worship. But, the Messiah’s angel-like persona was an example of God’s creative powers and not an example of the Messiah’s personal powers. The fact is that creation of this kind is not at all difficult for God. If He so wished, He might convert the entire population of the earth into angels. Even so, the angels would still just be angels; they would not become gods and worthy of worship. Jesus Christ was blessed with the miraculous power to bring a dead man back to life. He used to bring earthen statues to life by blowing his breath into them. This was in fact a sign of God which was displayed in order to demonstrate the possibility of life after death. But the people did not learn a lesson from this; on the contrary, they treated Jesus as superhuman and started worshipping him. The signs of God appear before us in different ways. If they are treated as such, they are a tremendous source of guidance. But if they are considered something other than divine portents, they may become the cause of man’s going astray. Satan has eternally striven to prevent man from learning a lesson from the signs of God. It is at this point that man’s fate will be decided on the basis of whether Satan has succeeded in overcoming man or vice-versa.
Commentary
وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ (And when the example of the son of Maryam was cited, your people started at once shouting at it [ in joy ]...43:57). Exegetes have narrated three events as background of the revelation of these verses. One is that once the Holy Prophet ﷺ had addressed the tribe of Quraish and said, "0 people of Quraish! there is no good in whatever is worshipped beside Allah." The polytheists responded by saying, "The Christians worship Sayyidna ` Isa ﷺ ، although you yourself say that he was a virtuous slave of Allah, and His prophet." These verses were then revealed in reply to this objection (Qurtubi).
The second narration is that the objection of the infidels related to the following verse of the Holy Qur'an:
إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّـهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ
"Surely, you and whatever you worship other than Allah are the fuel of Jahannam." (21:98)
When this verse was revealed, 'Abdullah Ibn-uz-ziba'ra claimed that he had the proper answer to this verse which was that the Christians worship Sayyidna Masih (Isa علیہ السلام) and Jews worship Sayyidna ` Uzair (علیہ السلام) ، so will they both become fuel of Hell? Upon hearing this, the polytheists of Quraish became very joyful, and Allah then revealed the following verse of the Holy Qur'an:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ سَبَقَتْ لَهُم مِّنَّا الْحُسْنَىٰ أُولَـٰئِكَ عَنْهَا مُبْعَدُونَ ﴿101﴾
"Surely, those for whom the good (news) from Us has come earlier shall be kept away from it." (21:101)
The above verses of Surah Zukhruf was also revealed in this context. (Ibn Kathir, etc.,)
The third narration is that once the pagans of Makkah expressed the absurd thought that the Holy Prophet ﷺ wanted to claim godhead for himself, so that he might be worshipped like Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) is worshipped by the Christians; these verses were revealed in that context.
In reality, there is no conflict between these three narrations. The infidels will have said all the three things, and in reply Allah Ta` ala revealed these verses in such a comprehensive manner that took care of all the three objections. The answer to the last objection is quite clear in these verses as to those who started worshipping Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) did not do so in obedience to any Divine command, nor had Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) ever desired it for himself, nor does the Qur'an support it. Their misconception was based on the miraculous birth of Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) without a father which was, according to them, a sign of his being god or a son of God. The Holy Qur'an has refuted this misconceived argument. How is it then possible that the Holy Prophet ﷺ will claim Godhead in imitation of the Christians?
The gist of the objection mentioned in the first and second narrations is essentially the same. The statement in the Qur'an that all those who are worshipped except Allah will become fuel for Hell or the statement of the Holy Prophet ﷺ that there is no good in whatever is worshipped except Allah, refer to the lifeless objects of worship, such as idols or those living beings who directed their followers towards their own worship, or who liked to be worshipped, such as shaitans, Fir'aun, Namrud, etc.. So Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) is obviously not included in this category, since at no stage did he like to be worshipped. Christians do not worship him because of any direction having being given by Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) ، rather they were misled and started worshipping him by deducing the wrong conclusion from his birth without a father which was a sample of Allah's power to show to the people that Allah does not need even any apparent cause or means to create something. This worship of Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) by Christians was not only irrational, but also against his own teachings, because he had always preached 'tauhid' (Oneness of Allah); his own disgust against being worshipped simply does not allow his inclusion in the ranks of false gods.
(And say) i.e. 'Abdullah al-Zib'ari: (Are our gods better) O Muhammad, (or is he) i.e. Jesus the son of Mary? For if he is allowed in the Fire with the Christians, we are also allowed therein with our deities. (They raise not the objection) they do not mention Jesus the son of Mary (save for argument) save for wrangling and dispute. (Nay! but they are a contentious folk) they argue in defence of falsehood.