that will envelop the people and so they said ‘This is a painful chastisement!
Alarming the Idolators with News of the Day when the Sky will bring forth a visible Smoke
Allah says, these idolaters are playing about in doubt, i.e., the certain truth has come to them, but they doubt it and do not believe in it. Then Allah says, warning and threatening them:
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.) It was narrated that Masruq said, "We entered the Masjid -- i.e., the Masjid of Kufah at the gates of Kindah -- and a man was reciting to his companions,
يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.) He asked them; `Do you know what that is' That is the smoke that will come on the Day of Resurrection. It will take away the hearing and sight of the hypocrites, but for the believers it will be like having a cold."' He said, "We came to Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, and told him about that. He was lying down, and he sat up with a start and said, `Allah said to your Prophet
قُلْ مَآ أَسْـَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَآ أَنَآ مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ
(Say: "No wage do I ask of you for this, nor am I one of the pretenders.") (38:86). And it is part of knowledge that when a man does not know something, he should say, `Allah knows best.' I will tell you a Hadith about that. When the Quraysh did not respond to Islam and they grew stubborn, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ invoked Allah against them that they would have years like the years (of drought and famine) of Yusuf. They became so exhausted and hungry that they ate bones and dead meat. They looked at the sky, but they saw nothing but smoke."' According to another report: "A man would look at the sky and he would see nothing between him and the sky except a smoky haze, because of his exhaustion."
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ - يَغْشَى النَّاسَ هَـذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke, covering the people, this is a painful torment) A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah! Pray to Allah to send rain to Mudar, for they are dying. So the Prophet prayed for rain for them, and they got rain. Then the Ayah was revealed:
إِنَّا كَاشِفُواْ الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلاً إِنَّكُمْ عَآئِدُونَ
(Verily, We shall remove the torment for a while. Verily, you will revert.) Ibn Mas`ud said, "Do you think that the torment will be removed for them on the Day of Resurrection When they were granted ease, they reverted to their former state. Then Allah revealed:
يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى إِنَّا مُنتَقِمُونَ
(On the Day when We shall strike you with the Great Batshah. Verily, We will exact retribution.)" He said, "This means the day of Badr." Ibn Mas`ud said, "Five things have come to pass: the smoke, the (defeat of the) Romans, the (splitting of the) moon, the Batshah, and the torment." This Hadith was narrated in the Two Sahihs. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, and by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in their (Books of) Tafsir, and by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim with a number of chains of narration. A number of the Salaf, such as Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Ad-Dahhak and `Atiyah Al-`Awfi concurred with Ibn Mas`ud's interpretation of this Ayah and his view that the smoke already happened. This was also the view of Ibn Jarir. According to the Hadith of Abu Sarihah, Hudhayfah bin Asid Al-Ghifari, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked out upon us from a room while we were discussing the Hour. He said:
«لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتْى تَرَوْا عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ: طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا، وَالدُّخَانَ، وَالدَّابَّةَ، وَخُرُوجَ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ، وَخُرُوجَ عِيْسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَالدَّجَّالَ، وَثَلَاثَةَ خُسُوفٍ: خَسْفٌ بِالْمَشْرِقِ، وَخَسْفٌ بِالْمَغْرِبِ، وَخَسْفٌ بِجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، وَنَارًا تَخْرُجُ مِنْ قَعْرِ عَدَنَ تَسُوقُ النَّاسَ أَوْ تَحْشُرُ النَّاسَ تَبِيتُ مَعَهُمْ حَيْثُ بَاتُوا، وَتَقِيلُ مَعَهُمْ حَيْثُ قَالُوا»
(The Hour will not come until you see ten signs. The rising of the sun from the west; the smoke; the beast; the emergence of Ya'juj and Ma'juj; the appearance of `Isa bin Maryam; the Dajjal; three cases of the earth collapsing -- one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian Peninsula; and a fire which will emerge from the bottom of Aden and will drive the people -- or gather the people -- stopping with them when they stop to sleep at night or rest during the day.)" This was recorded only by Muslim in his Sahih In the Two Sahihs it was recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Ibn Sayyad:
«إِنِّي خَبَأْتُ لَكَ خَبْأ»
(I am concealing something for you.) He said, It is Ad-Dukh. The Prophet said,
«اخْسَأْ فَلَنْ تَعْدُوَ قَدْرَك»
(Be off with you! You cannot get further than your rank.) He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was concealing from him the words,
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.)"This indicates that the smoke is yet to appear. Ibn Sayyad was a fortune-teller who heard things through the Jinn, whose speech is unclear, therefore he said, "It is Ad-Dukh," meaning Ad-Dukhan (the smoke). When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sure what was happening, that the source of his information was the Shayatin, he said:
«اخْسَأْ فَلَنْ تَعْدُوَ قَدْرَك»
(Be off with you! You cannot get further than your rank.) There are numerous Marfu` and Mawquf Hadiths, Sahih, Hasan and others, which indicate that the smoke is one of the awaited signs (of the Hour). This is also the apparent meaning of Ayat in the Qur'an. Allah says:
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.) meaning, clearly visible, such that all people will see it. According to Ibn Mas`ud's interpretation, this was a vision which they saw because of their intense hunger and exhaustion. He also interprets the Ayah
يَغْشَى النَّاسَ
(Covering mankind,) meaning, it covered them and overwhelmed them. But if it was only an illusion which happened to the idolators of Makkah, Allah would not have said "covering mankind."
هَـذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(this is a painful torment.) means, this will be said to them by way of rebuke. This is like the Ayah:
يَوْمَ يُدَعُّونَ إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا - هَـذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ
(The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing. This is the Fire which you used to deny.) (52:13-14). Or some of them will say that to others.
رَّبَّنَا اكْشِفْ عَنَّا الْعَذَابَ إِنَّا مْؤْمِنُونَ
((They will say): "Our Lord! Remove the torment from us, really we shall become believers!") means, when the disbelievers witness the punishment of Allah, they will ask for it to be taken away from them. This is like the Ayat:
وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ وُقِفُواْ عَلَى النَّارِ فَقَالُواْ يلَيْتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلاَ نُكَذِّبَ بِـَايَـتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(If you could but see when they will be held over the (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would that we were but sent back (to the world)! Then we would not deny the Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of the believers!") (6:27)
وَأَنذِرِ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمُ الْعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَخِّرْنَآ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ نُّجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ الرُّسُلَ أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُواْ أَقْسَمْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ مَا لَكُمْ مِّن زَوَالٍ
(And warn mankind of the Day when the torment will come unto them; then the wrongdoers will say: "Our Lord! Respite us for a little while, we will answer Your Call and follow the Messengers!" (It will be said): "Had you not sworn aforetime that you would not leave (the world for the Hereafter).) (14:44) Allah says here:
أَنَّى لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَى وَقَدْ جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مُّبِينٌ - ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوْاْ عَنْهُ وَقَالُواْ مُعَلَّمٌ مَّجْنُونٌ
(How can there be for them an admonition, when a Messenger explaining things clearly has already come to them. Then they had turned away from him and said: "(He is) one taught, a madman!") meaning, `what further admonition do they need when We have sent them a Messenger with a clear Message and warning Yet despite that, they turned away from him, opposed him and rejected him, and they said: (He is) one taught (by a human being), a madman.' This is like the Ayah:
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإِنسَـنُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى
(On that Day will man remember, but how will that remembrance (then) avail him) (89:23)
وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ فَزِعُواْ فَلاَ فَوْتَ وَأُخِذُواْ مِن مَّكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ - وَقَالُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِهِ وَأَنَّى لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ مِن مَّكَانِ بَعِيدٍ
(And if you could but see, when they will be terrified with no escape, and they will be seized from a near place. And they will say (in the Hereafter): "We do believe (now);" but how could they receive (faith and its acceptance by Allah) from a place so far off...) (34:51-52)
إِنَّا كَاشِفُواْ الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلاً إِنَّكُمْ عَآئِدُونَ
(Verily, We shall remove the torment for a while. Verily, you will revert.) means, `if We were to remove the torment from you for a while, and send you back to the world, you would go back to your former state of disbelief and denial.' This is like the Ayat:
وَلَوْ رَحِمْنَـهُمْ وَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِمْ مِّن ضُرٍّ لَّلَجُّواْ فِى طُغْيَـنِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
(And though We had mercy on them and removed the distress which is on them, still they would obstinately persist in their transgression, wandering blindly.) (23:75)
وَلَوْ رُدُّواْ لَعَـدُواْ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ
(But if they were returned (to the world), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars) (6:28)
The Meaning of the "Great Batshah"
يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى إِنَّا مُنتَقِمُونَ
(On the Day when We shall strike you with the great Batshah. Verily, We will exact retribution.) Ibn Mas`ud interpreted this to mean the day of Badr. This is also the view of a group who agreed with Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, about the meaning of the smoke, as discussed above. It was also narrated from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, in a report related to him from Al-`Awfi and from Ubayy bin Ka`b, may Allah be pleased with him. This is possible, but the apparent meaning is that it refers to the Day of Resurrection, although the day of Badr was also a day of vengeance. Ibn Jarir said, "Ya`qub narrated to me; Ibn `Ulayyah narrated to me, Khalid Al-Hadhdha' narrated to us, from `Ikrimah who said, `Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said that "the great Batshah" is the day of Badr, and I say that it is the Day of Resurrection." This chain of narration is Sahih to him. This is also the view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri and of `Ikrimah according to the more authentic of the two reports narrated from him. And Allah knows best.
فانتظر -أيها الرسول- بهؤلاء المشركين يوم تأتي السماء بدخان مبين واضح يعمُّ الناس، ويقال لهم: هذا عذاب مؤلم موجع، ثم يقولون سائلين رفعه وكشفه عنهم: ربنا اكشف عنا العذاب، فإن كشفته عنا فإنا مؤمنون بك.
قوله تعالى "يغشى الناس" أي يتغشاهم ويعميهم ولو كان أمرا خياليا يخص أهل مكة المشركين لما قيل فيه "يغشى الناس". وقوله تعالى "هذا عذاب اليم" أي يقال لهم ذلك تقريعا وتوبيخا كقوله عز وجل "يوم يدعون إلى نار جهنم دعا هذه النار التي كنتم بها تكذبون" أو يقول بعضهم لبعض ذلك.
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( يَغْشَى الناس ) صفة ثانية للدخان ، والمراد بهم كفار مكة وأمثالهم ممن أصابه الجوع والبلاء .أى : ارتقب - أيها الرسول الكريم - يوم تأتى السماء لهؤلاء المشركين بعذاب من صفاته أنه عذاب واضح ، يحسونه بحواسهم ، ويشعرون به شعورا جليا ، ومن صفاته كذلك أنه يحيط بهم من كل جوانبهم ، ويجعلهم يتضعرون إلينا ويقولون : ( هذا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) أى : شديد ألمه ، وعظيم هوله .
( يغشَى الناس ) : يقول: يغشى أبصارهم من الجهد الذي يصيبهم.( هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) يعني أنهم يقولون مما نالهم من ذلك الكرب والجهد: هذا عذاب أليم. وهو الموجع, وترك من الكلام (يقولون) استغناء بمعرفة السامعين معناه من ذكرها.
" يغشى الناس هذا عذاب أليم "
يَغْشَى النَّاسَ هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (11)فالمراد بالنّاس من قوله : { يغشى الناس } هم المشركون كما هو الغالب في إطلاق لفظ الناس في القرآن ، وأنه يُكشف زمناً قليلاً عنهم إعذاراً لهم لعلهم يؤمنون ، وأنهم يعودون بعد كشفه إلى ما كانوا عليه ، وأن الله يعيده عليهم كما يؤذن بذلك قوله : { إنّا كاشفوا العذاب قليلاً } [ الدخان : 15 ] . وأما قوله : { يوم نبطش البطشة } [ الدخان : 16 ] فهو عذاب آخر . وكل ذلك يؤذن بأن العذاب بالدخان يقع في الدنيا وأنه مستقبل قريب ، وإذ قد كانت الآية مكية تعيّن أن هذا الدخان الذي هو عذاب للمشركين لا يصيب المؤمنين لقوله تعالى : { وما كان الله لِيُعذِّبهم وأنت فيهم وما كان الله معذبهم وهم يستغفرون }[ الأنفال : 33 ] فتعيّن أن المؤمنين يوم هذا الدخان غير قاطنين بدار الشرك ، فهذا الدخان قد حصل بعد الهجرة لا محالة وتعيّن أنه قد حصل قبل أن يسلم المشركون الذين بمكة وما حولها فيتعيّن أنه حصل قبل فتح مكة أو يوم فتح مكة على اختلاف الأقوال . والأصح أن هذا الدخان عُني به ما أصاب المشركين من سِنِي القحط بمكة بعد هجرة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى المدينة . والأصح في ذلك حديث عبد الله بن مسعود في «صحيح البخاري» عن مسلم وأبي الضحى عن مسروق قال : دخلتُ على عبد الله بن مسعود فقال : إنَّ قريشاً لما غَلَبوا على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم واستعصوا عليه قال : اللّهم أعني عليهم بسبع كسبع يوسف ، فأخذتهم سَنة أكلوا فيها العظام والميتةَ من الجَهْد حتى جعل أحدهم يرى ما بينه وبين السماء كهيئة الدخان من الجوع فأُتي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقيل له : استسققِ لمُضر أن يكشف عنهم العذاب ، فدعا فكشف عنهم وقال الله له : إنْ كشفنا عنهم العذاب عَادوا ، فعادُوا : فانتقم الله منهم يومَ بدر فذلك قوله تعالى : { فارتقب يوم تأتي السماء بدخاننٍ مبينٍ } إلى قوله { يوم نبطش البطشة الكبرى إنا منتقمون } [ الدخان : 10 16 ] والبطشة الكبرى يوم بدر . وإن عبَد الله قال : مَضى خمس : الدخانُ ، والرومُ والقَمَرُ والبطشة واللِّزَام .في حديث أبي هريرة في «صحيح البخاري» في أبواب الاستسقاء أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا رفع رأسه من الركعة الآخرة من الصبح يقول : " اللهم أنْج عياش بن أبي ربيعة . اللّهم أنج سلمة بن هشام ، اللهم أنج الوليد بن الوليد ، اللهم أنج المستضعفين من المؤمنين ، اللهم اشدُدْ وطْأتَك على مُضَر ، اللهم اجعلها عليهم سنينَ كسنيننِ يوسُف " وهؤلاء الذين دعا لهم بالنجاة كانوا ممن حبسهم المشركون بعد الهجرة ، وكل هذه الروايات يؤذن بأن دعاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على المشركين بالسنين كان بعد الهجرة لئلا يعذب المسلمون بالجوع وأنه كان قبل وقعة بدر ، وفي بعض روايات القنوت أنه دعا في القنوت على بني لحيان وعُصيَّة .والذي يستخلص من الروايات أن هذا الجوع حلّ بقريش بُعيد الهجرة ، وذلك هو الجوع الذي دعا به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذ قال : " اللّهم أعِنِّي عليهم بسبَععٍ كسَبْععِ يُوسف " وفي رواية " اللّهم اشْدُدْ وَطْأتَك على مُضر ، اللهم اجعلها عليهم سِنين كسنيننِ يوسف " فأُتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقيل له : استسق لِمُضَر وفي رواية عن مسروق عن ابن مسعود في «صحيح البخاري» أن الذي أتى النبي هو أبُو سفيان . وقال المفسرون : إن أبا سفيان أتاه في ناس من أهل مكة يعني أتوا المدينة لمَّا علموا أنّ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان دعا عليهم بالقحط ، فقالوا : إن قومك قد هلَكُوا فادع الله أن يسقيهم فدعا .وعلى هذه الرواية يكون قوله تعالى : { يوم تأتي السماء بدخان مبين } تمثيلاً لهيئة ما يراه الجائعون من شبه الغِشاوة على أبصارهم حين ينظرون في الجوّ بهيئة الدخان النازل من الأفق ، فالمجاز في التركيب . وأما مفردات التركيب فهي مستعملة في حقائقها لأن من معاني السماء في كلام العرب قُبة الجو ، وتكون جملة { يغشى الناس } ترشيحاً للتمثيلية لأن الذي يغشاهم هو الظلمة التي في أبصارهم من الجوع ، وليس الدخانَ هو الذي يغشاهم . وبعض الروايات ركب على هذه الآية حديثَ الاستسقاء الذي في «الصحيح» أن رجلاً جاء يوم الجمعة والنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب فقال : يا رسول الله هلك الزرع والضرع فادعُ الله أن يسقينا فرفع يديه وقال : اللّهم اسقنَا ثلاثاً ، وما يُرَى في السماء قَزَعَةُ سحاب ، فتلبدت السماء بالسحاب وأمطروا من الجمعة إلى الجمعة حتى سالت الأودية وسال وادي قَنَاة شهراً ، فأتاه آت في الجمعة القابلة هو الأول أو غيره ، فقال : يا رسول الله تقطعت السبل فادع الله أن يمسك المطر عنا ، فقال : اللّهم حَوَالَينا ولا علينا ، فتفرقت السحب حتى صارت المدينة في شبه الإكليل من السحاب .والجمع بين الروايتين ظاهر . ويظهر أن هذا القحط وقع بعد يوم بدر فهو قحط آخر غير قحط قريش الذي ذكر في هذه الآية .ومعنى { يغشى الناس } أنه يحيط بهم ويعمّهم كما تحيط الغَاشية بالجسد ، أي لا ينجو منه أحد من أولئك الناس وهم المشركون . فإن كان المراد من الدخان ما أصاب أبصارهم من رؤية مثل الغبرة من الجوع فالغشيان مجاز ، وإن كان المراد منه غبار الحرب يوم الفتح فالغشيان حقيقة أو مجاز مشهور . ويجوز أن يكون غباراً متصاعداً في الجو من شدة الجفاف .وقوله : { هذا عذاب أليم } قال ابن عطية يجوز أن يكون إخباراً من جانب الله تعالى تعجيباً منه كما في قوله تعالى في قصة الذبيح { إنَّ هذا لهوَ البلاء المبين } [ الصافات : 106 ] . ويحتمل أن يكون ذلك من قول الناس الذين يغشاهم العذاب بتقدير : يقولون : هذا عذاب أليم . والإشارة في { هذا عذاب أليم } إلى الدخان المذكور آنفاً ، عُدل عن استحضاره بالإضمار وأن يقال : هو عذاب أليم ، إلى استحضاره بالإشارة ، لتنزيله منزلة الحاضر المشاهد تهويلاً لأمره كما تقول : هذا الشتاء قادم فأعدَّ له .وقريب منه الأمر بالنظر في قوله تعالى : { انظر كيف كذبوا على أنفسهم } [ الأنعام : 24 ] فإن المحكي مما يحصل في الآخرة .
[يَغْشَى النَّاسَ } أي: يعمهم ذلك الدخان ويقال لهم: { هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ } واختلف المفسرون في المراد بهذا الدخان، فقيل: إنه الدخان الذي يغشى الناس ويعمهم حين تقرب النار من المجرمين في يوم القيامة وأن الله توعدهم بعذاب يوم القيامة وأمر نبيه أن ينتظر بهم ذلك اليوم.ويؤيد هذا المعنى أن هذه الطريقة هي طريقة القرآن في توعد الكفار والتأني بهم وترهيبهم بذلك اليوم وعذابه وتسلية الرسول والمؤمنين بالانتظار بمن آذاهم.
يغشى الناس هذا عذاب أليم قال : فأتي رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقيل : يا رسول الله ، استسق الله لمضر فإنها قد هلكت . قال : ( لمضر ! إنك لجرئ ) فاستسقى فسقوا ، فنزلت إنكم عائدون . فلما أصابتهم الرفاهية عادوا إلى حالهم حين أصابتهم الرفاهية ، فأنزل الله - عز وجل - : يوم نبطش البطشة الكبرى إنا منتقمون قال : يعني يوم بدر . قال أبو عبيدة : والدخان الجدب . القتبي سمي دخانا ليبس الأرض منه حين يرتفع منها كالدخان . القول الثالث : إنه يوم فتح مكة لما حجبت السماء الغبرة ، قاله عبد الرحمن الأعرج ( يغشى الناس ) في موضع الصفة للدخان ، فإن كان قد مضى على ما قال ابن مسعود فهو خاص بالمشركين من أهل مكة ، وإن كان من أشراط الساعة فهو عام على ما تقدم . هذا عذاب أليم أي : يقول الله لهم : ( هذا عذاب أليم ) فمن قال : إن الدخان قد مضى فقوله : ( هذا عذاب أليم ) حكاية حال ماضية ، ومن جعله مستقبلا . فهو حكاية حال آتية . وقيل : ( هذا ) بمعنى ذلك . وقيل : أي : يقول الناس لذلك الدخان : ( هذا عذاب أليم ) وقيل : هو إخبار عن دنو الأمر ، كما تقول : هذا الشتاء فأعد له .
The subject about which these addressees of the Quran were in doubt was not the existence of God but the oneness of God. While accepting the existence of God in a traditional manner, they continued to practise the religion of their forefathers and their leaders. The Quran proved the beliefs of their forefathers to be baseless, but they were not ready to accept this position. On the one hand, they found themselves without supporting arguments while, on the other, they found it impossible to banish from their minds the image of the greatness of their forefathers and leaders. This dual dilemma had pushed them into the realm of doubt. The preacher of God appeared to them too small a person for them to accept, or to act on his advice to abandon their so-called great men. Those who do not accept the Truth through persuasion expose themselves to the danger of having to accept it under threat of punishment. They may accept it in the latter instance, but at that time their acceptance will be of no avail.
Commentary
دُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ...visible smoke" in verse (10) embodies a prophecy and the Prophet ﷺ was asked to watch for the Day when the sky will bring forth a manifest smoke covering the people. There are three opinions recorded about this from the Companions and their pupils.
The first view is that the smoke is one of the portents of the Day of Judgment which will occur very close to the Day of Judgment. This view is held by Sayyidna al-Murtada, Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Abu Hurairah, Zaid Ibn ` Ali ؓ ، Hasan al-Basri Ibn Abi Mulaikah and others رحمۃ اللہ علیہم . This view is recorded traceably on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Said al-Khudri and Hudhaifah Ibn ` Usaid al-Ghifari ؓ which will be set out in detail later.
The second view is that this prophecy has already occurred. This refers to the event when the Quraish did not respond to Islam's call and they grew obstinate, the Apostle of Allah invoked against them that they would suffer seven years of drought and famine as it happened in the time of Prophet Y usuf علیہ السلامٍ. They became so exhausted and hungry that they were forced to eat bones and carrion. When they looked at the sky, they saw nothing but smoke or smoky haze because of their exhaustion, instead of rain-laiden clouds. This view is held by Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ and others.
The third view is held by Sayyidna ` Abdur-Rahman al-'A'raj and others. They say that the 'smoke' refers to the 'dust' which had been stirred up to the sky, and had covered the firmament of Makkah on the day of 'the Conquest of Makkah'. (Qurtubi).
The first two views are most popular. Ibn Kathir says regarding the third view:
ھَذا القول غیرب جِدَّا بل مُنکر
"This view is gharib (unfamiliar), in fact munkar (against authentic reports) ".
The other two views are confirmed by authentic Traditions. Ruh-ul-Ma` ani supports the second view. Tafsir Bayan-ul-Qur'an prefers this view. It would appear that Ibn Kathir and Qurtubi prefer the first view. Allah knows best!
Narrations relating to the two views are as follows. It is recorded in Sahih of Muslim that Sayyidna Hudhaifah Ibn ` Usaid al-Ghifari ؓ said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked out upon us from a room while we were discussing the Hour. He said:
'The Hour will not come until you see ten signs. The rising of the sun from the west; the smoke; the beast (dabbat-ul ard); the emergence of Gog and Magog; the appearance of ` Isa son of Maryam; the Dajjal (anti-Christ); three cases of the earth collapsing - one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian peninsula; and a fire that will emerge from the bottom of Aden and will drive the people - or gather the people - stopping with them when they stop to sleep at night or rest during the day."' (Ibn Kathir).
Ibn Jarir has recorded on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Malik Ash` ari ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I warn you against three things: one, the smoke which will only cause cold in a believer, but will permeate the entire body of an unbeliever so much so that it will ooze out from every pore and minute hole of the skin; the second thing is the beast (of the earth which will be of a strange/unusual type); the third thing will be Dajjal". Having cited this narration, Ibn Kathir said: "This chain of transmitters is good". Ibn Kathir has cited another narration on the same subject vide Ibn Abi Hatim on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Said al-Khudri ؓ . He also cites a narration with reference to Ibn Abi Hatim on the authority of Sayyidna al-Murtada ؓ to the following effect: "This prophecy has not yet been fulfilled. (It will happen close to the Hour). This smoke will be the cause of catarrh for the believer but it will penetrate the entire body of an unbeliever and ooze out of the tiny holes of his skin". Ibn Jarir cites a narration on the same subject on the authority of Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Umar and Ibn ` Abbas ؓ . Ibn Kathir cites this and writes:
ھذا اسناد صحیح الٰی ابن عباس ؓ حبر الامۃ و ترجمان القراٰن وھٰکَذا قول من وافقہ من الصّحابۃ ؓ والتابِعِین رحمۃ اللہ علیہم مع الاحادیث المرفوعہ من الصحاح والحسان وغیرھما الّتی اور دوھا مما فیہ مقنع ودلالۃ ظاھرۃ علی ان الدّخان من الاٰیات المنتظرہ مع انّہ ظاھر القرآن (فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ ) وعلیٰ مافسرہ ابن مسعود انما ھو خیال رأوہ فی اعینھم من شدّد الجوع والجھد وھٰکذا قولہ تعالیٰ (يَغْشَى النَّاسَ ) او یتغشاھم و یعمھم ولو کان امراً خیالیا یخص اھل المکۃ المشرکین لما قیل فیہ یغشی الناس۔
"This chain of transmitters is authentic up to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، the scholar of the Ummah, interpreter of the Qur'an. This is the view of other Companions ؓ and their pupils who concur with Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، together with prophetic Traditions - some being sahih and others hasan. They too are sufficient to prove that the 'smoke' is one of the portents of the Hour. It has not yet occurred, especially since the apparent wordings of the Qur'an bear evidence to this fact. Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's ؓ popular interpretation of the word 'smoke' refers to an imaginary smoke/an illusion which they saw because of their intense hunger and exhaustion, but it is inconceivable that the Qur'an would use a phrase like يَغْشَى النَّاسَ 'that will envelop people ...(11) ’ because this imaginary smoke was experienced by Makkans only. The wordings of the phrase 'that will envelop people ...(11) " show that the smoke had enveloped all the people.
Earlier on, Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's ؓ view was given as follows as recorded in the two Sahihs, Musnad of Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i and others. Sayyidna Masruq ؓ narrates: 'We entered the mosque of Kufah at the gates of kindah - and a preacher recited the verse يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ "a day when the sky will come up with a visible smoke (44:10) " and asked the audience: "Do you know what smoke is that?" Then he said that that is the smoke which will emerge on the Day of Resurrection. It will take away the hearing and sight of the hypocrites, but for the believers it will be like having a cold. Sayyidna Masruq ؓ says, 'when we heard this we went to Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ and told him about it. He was lying down, and he sat up with a start and said: "Allah has given to his prophet the following direction: قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ Say, "I do not demand from you any fee for it, nor am I from among those who make up things artificially" (38:86). This verse proves that it is also a part of knowledge that when a man does not know something, he should say frankly that he does not know and that the correct knowledge is with Allah.(and he should not pretend that he knows it) "Then he narrated a Hadith which interprets the meaning of the verse, thus: When the Quraish did not respond to the call of Islam and grew stubborn, the Messenger of Allah imprecated against them that they should have years like the years of drought and famine during the time of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) . They became so exhausted and hungry that they ate dead meat and bones. When they looked at the sky, they saw nothing but smoke.
According to another report, a man would look at the sky and he would see nothing between him and the sky except a smoky haze on account of intensity of hunger and exhaustion. In support of his argument he recited فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ "So, wait for a day when the sky will come up with a visible smoke (44:10) ". When this event took place, people came up to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ and requested him to pray to Allah to send down rain to his tribe of Mudar. Otherwise, they all will perish. So, the Holy Prophet ﷺ prayed for rain for them, and the rain came down. On that occasion the following verse was revealed إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ ! We are going to remove the punishment for a while, (but) you will certainly go back (to your original position). (44:15) " As predicted, when they were granted ease or reprieve, they reverted to their former state of kufr (disbelief) and Allah revealed the following verse يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَىٰ إِنَّا مُنتَقِمُونَ " (Then,) the day We will seize (you) with the greatest seizure, We will take vengeance. (44:16) "
Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ says that بطشہ کبریٰ "greatest seizure" refers to the battle of Badr. After reporting this incident, Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ says that five events have already taken place:
(1) the smoke;
(2) the (defeat of the) Romans;
(3) the (splitting of the) moon;
(4) the seizure; and
(5) the lizam. (IbnKathir).
The 'smoke', according to this interpretation, refers to the drought and famine in Makkah. The defeat of the Romans was prophesied in the Surah Ar-Rum, thus: وَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ "and they, after their defeat, will be victorious." (30:3) The splitting of the moon refers to the miracle given by Allah to Prophet Muhammad t that is described in Surah -Qamar, thus: اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ "The Hour (of doom) has drawn near, and the moon has split asunder (54:1) ". The 'seizure', according to this interpretation, refers to the consequences of the pagan Quraish in the Battle of Badr. The 'lizam' refers to فَسَوْفَ يَكُونُ لِزَامًا "Now since you belied (the truth), the punishment will be inseparable from you (25:77) ", meaning the unbelievers' persistent denial of the truth will inevitably cause them torment.
A careful analysis of the verses embody several prophecies. First, the appearance of smoke on the sky and enveloping all the people. Second, that the pagans will not be able to bear the torment, so they will pray to Allah for its removal promising that they will believe. Third, they will go back on their words and break their promise. Fourth, Allah - despite their false promise - will remove the punishment for a short while in order to establish an argument against them, showing that they will not keep to their promise. Fourth, He will launch the greatest assault on them again to take revenge. According to Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's ؓ interpretation, all the prophecies have been fulfilled. The first four prophecies were fulfilled during the period when the people of Makkah suffered a severe drought and famine until this torment was lifted. The fifth one was fulfilled on the occasion of the. Battle of Badr. But the difficulty in this interpretation is that it seems inconceivable that the express wordings of the Qur'an such as تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ...the sky will come دُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ a visible smoke (10) يَغْشَى النَّاسَ will envelop people ... (11) " would refer to an imaginary smoke on account of intensity of hunger. The wordings expressly refer to the distinctive smoke that would be brought forth in the open and clear sky, enshrouding all the people. But in this interpretation, there is neither visible smoke in the sky nor is it enveloping the people. The smoke was as a result of the intensity of their own exhaustion. Therefore, following the express wordings of the Qur'an, Ibn Kathir prefers to interpret the expression دُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ "visible smoke" as referring to one of the signs/portents of the Hour. Furthermore, this interpretation is preferable because this is based on Prophetic ahadith, while the other interpretation is based merely on a saying of Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ .
But a strong objection on the interpretation of Ibn Kathir may be raised on the basis of the verse that says, إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ " (Well,) We are going to remove the punishment for a while, (but) you will certainly go back (to your original position). (44:15) ". The problem here is that on the Day of Judgment no punishment of the unbelievers will be removed. The assertion that their punishment will be removed for a few days does not appear to coincide with the interpretation that takes the 'smoke' as a sign of Qiyamah. Responding to this objection, Ibn Kathir has observed that it could have one of two meanings. For one thing, it could mean 'If We, in keeping with your request, grant you reprieve from your torment and send you back to the world, you will revert to your former state of kufr'. This may be compared to another verse on the same subject: وَلَوْ رَحِمْنَاهُمْ وَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِم مِّن ضُرٍّ لَّلَجُّوا فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ "And even if We have mercy on them and remove whatever distress they have, they would still persist obstinately in their rebellion, wandering blindly (23:75) ". Similarly, another verse وَلَوْ رُدُّوا لَعَادُوا لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ "...And if they were sent back, they
would again go for what they were forbidden from...". (6:28)
The other meaning of کاشفوا العَذَاب "We are going to remove the punishment" could be that all the causes of punishment have been completed and the punishment is imminent, but it is postponed for a few days, as it was delayed in the case of the people of Yunus (علیہ السلام) The Qur'an says شَفْنَا عَنْهُمْ عَذَابَ "Surely We have removed from them their punishment" whereas the punishment on the people of Yunus (علیہ السلام) had not yet arrived - only the signs of punishment were visible when it was delayed, but it is described as removal of punishment.
In conclusion, if the prophecy of dukhan ('smoke' ) be taken as one of the portents of the Hour, so the phrase kashiful adhab (We are going to remove the punishment –کاشفوا العذاب) does not create any problem. In this interpretation, the phrase يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَىٰ " (Then,) the day We will seize (you) with the greatest seizure ... (44:16) " refers to the seizure of the Day of Judgment. In Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's 'interpretation it refers to the seizure of the battle of Badr. This is correct because that too was a great seizure, but that does not necessarily mean that a greater seizure will not be made on the Day of Judgment. It is possible that the Qur'an, through these verses, is warning the unbelievers of an impending punishment. Whenever a punishment befell the enemies, the noble Companions took the verses to apply to that particular punishment. This does not negate its being one of the signs of the Hour. Ruh-ul-Ma` ani cites Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud's ؓ narration with reference to ` Allamah Saffarini's book البحورالزاخرۃ 'al-Buhur-uz-Zakhirah', thus:
ھما دخامان مضی واحد والّذی بقی یملأ مابین السّماء والارض ولا یصیب المؤمن الا بالذکمۃ واما الکافر فیشق مسامعہ فیبعث اللہ تعالیٰ عند ذالک الرّیح الجنوب من الیمن فتقبض روح کل مؤمن ویبقیٰ شرار النّاس۔ (روح)
"Two clouds of 'dukhan or smoke' will be produced at two different times: One, in fact, has already occurred on the occasion of the famine of Makkah and the other is still going to be produced. The second smoke will fill the atmosphere between the heaven and the earth. A believer will feel it like having a cold but it will tear through all the pores of an unbeliever. At that time Allah will send southerly wind from Yemen which will take away the soul of every believer; and there shall remain only the unbelievers, the worst of people." (Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani)
The author of Ruh-ul-Ma` ani, in terms of his preferred interpretation, has expressed his suspicion on the authenticity of this narration. However, if the narration can be confirmed, then there will remain no conflict between the Tafsir of Ibn Masud ؓ and the express wordings of the Qur'an and the Prophetic ahadith. Allah, the Pure and Exalted, knows best
(That will envelop the people) that smoke will surround the people. (This) smoke (will be a painful torment) a torment of hunger.
Alarming the Idolators with News of the Day when the Sky will bring forth a visible Smoke
Allah says, these idolaters are playing about in doubt, i.e., the certain truth has come to them, but they doubt it and do not believe in it. Then Allah says, warning and threatening them:
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.) It was narrated that Masruq said, "We entered the Masjid -- i.e., the Masjid of Kufah at the gates of Kindah -- and a man was reciting to his companions,
يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.) He asked them; `Do you know what that is' That is the smoke that will come on the Day of Resurrection. It will take away the hearing and sight of the hypocrites, but for the believers it will be like having a cold."' He said, "We came to Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, and told him about that. He was lying down, and he sat up with a start and said, `Allah said to your Prophet
قُلْ مَآ أَسْـَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَآ أَنَآ مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ
(Say: "No wage do I ask of you for this, nor am I one of the pretenders.") (38:86). And it is part of knowledge that when a man does not know something, he should say, `Allah knows best.' I will tell you a Hadith about that. When the Quraysh did not respond to Islam and they grew stubborn, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ invoked Allah against them that they would have years like the years (of drought and famine) of Yusuf. They became so exhausted and hungry that they ate bones and dead meat. They looked at the sky, but they saw nothing but smoke."' According to another report: "A man would look at the sky and he would see nothing between him and the sky except a smoky haze, because of his exhaustion."
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ - يَغْشَى النَّاسَ هَـذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke, covering the people, this is a painful torment) A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah! Pray to Allah to send rain to Mudar, for they are dying. So the Prophet prayed for rain for them, and they got rain. Then the Ayah was revealed:
إِنَّا كَاشِفُواْ الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلاً إِنَّكُمْ عَآئِدُونَ
(Verily, We shall remove the torment for a while. Verily, you will revert.) Ibn Mas`ud said, "Do you think that the torment will be removed for them on the Day of Resurrection When they were granted ease, they reverted to their former state. Then Allah revealed:
يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى إِنَّا مُنتَقِمُونَ
(On the Day when We shall strike you with the Great Batshah. Verily, We will exact retribution.)" He said, "This means the day of Badr." Ibn Mas`ud said, "Five things have come to pass: the smoke, the (defeat of the) Romans, the (splitting of the) moon, the Batshah, and the torment." This Hadith was narrated in the Two Sahihs. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, and by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in their (Books of) Tafsir, and by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim with a number of chains of narration. A number of the Salaf, such as Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Ad-Dahhak and `Atiyah Al-`Awfi concurred with Ibn Mas`ud's interpretation of this Ayah and his view that the smoke already happened. This was also the view of Ibn Jarir. According to the Hadith of Abu Sarihah, Hudhayfah bin Asid Al-Ghifari, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked out upon us from a room while we were discussing the Hour. He said:
«لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتْى تَرَوْا عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ: طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا، وَالدُّخَانَ، وَالدَّابَّةَ، وَخُرُوجَ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ، وَخُرُوجَ عِيْسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَالدَّجَّالَ، وَثَلَاثَةَ خُسُوفٍ: خَسْفٌ بِالْمَشْرِقِ، وَخَسْفٌ بِالْمَغْرِبِ، وَخَسْفٌ بِجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، وَنَارًا تَخْرُجُ مِنْ قَعْرِ عَدَنَ تَسُوقُ النَّاسَ أَوْ تَحْشُرُ النَّاسَ تَبِيتُ مَعَهُمْ حَيْثُ بَاتُوا، وَتَقِيلُ مَعَهُمْ حَيْثُ قَالُوا»
(The Hour will not come until you see ten signs. The rising of the sun from the west; the smoke; the beast; the emergence of Ya'juj and Ma'juj; the appearance of `Isa bin Maryam; the Dajjal; three cases of the earth collapsing -- one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian Peninsula; and a fire which will emerge from the bottom of Aden and will drive the people -- or gather the people -- stopping with them when they stop to sleep at night or rest during the day.)" This was recorded only by Muslim in his Sahih In the Two Sahihs it was recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Ibn Sayyad:
«إِنِّي خَبَأْتُ لَكَ خَبْأ»
(I am concealing something for you.) He said, It is Ad-Dukh. The Prophet said,
«اخْسَأْ فَلَنْ تَعْدُوَ قَدْرَك»
(Be off with you! You cannot get further than your rank.) He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was concealing from him the words,
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.)"This indicates that the smoke is yet to appear. Ibn Sayyad was a fortune-teller who heard things through the Jinn, whose speech is unclear, therefore he said, "It is Ad-Dukh," meaning Ad-Dukhan (the smoke). When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sure what was happening, that the source of his information was the Shayatin, he said:
«اخْسَأْ فَلَنْ تَعْدُوَ قَدْرَك»
(Be off with you! You cannot get further than your rank.) There are numerous Marfu` and Mawquf Hadiths, Sahih, Hasan and others, which indicate that the smoke is one of the awaited signs (of the Hour). This is also the apparent meaning of Ayat in the Qur'an. Allah says:
فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى السَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke.) meaning, clearly visible, such that all people will see it. According to Ibn Mas`ud's interpretation, this was a vision which they saw because of their intense hunger and exhaustion. He also interprets the Ayah
يَغْشَى النَّاسَ
(Covering mankind,) meaning, it covered them and overwhelmed them. But if it was only an illusion which happened to the idolators of Makkah, Allah would not have said "covering mankind."
هَـذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(this is a painful torment.) means, this will be said to them by way of rebuke. This is like the Ayah:
يَوْمَ يُدَعُّونَ إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا - هَـذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ
(The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing. This is the Fire which you used to deny.) (52:13-14). Or some of them will say that to others.
رَّبَّنَا اكْشِفْ عَنَّا الْعَذَابَ إِنَّا مْؤْمِنُونَ
((They will say): "Our Lord! Remove the torment from us, really we shall become believers!") means, when the disbelievers witness the punishment of Allah, they will ask for it to be taken away from them. This is like the Ayat:
وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ وُقِفُواْ عَلَى النَّارِ فَقَالُواْ يلَيْتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلاَ نُكَذِّبَ بِـَايَـتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(If you could but see when they will be held over the (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would that we were but sent back (to the world)! Then we would not deny the Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of the believers!") (6:27)
وَأَنذِرِ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمُ الْعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَخِّرْنَآ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ نُّجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ الرُّسُلَ أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُواْ أَقْسَمْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ مَا لَكُمْ مِّن زَوَالٍ
(And warn mankind of the Day when the torment will come unto them; then the wrongdoers will say: "Our Lord! Respite us for a little while, we will answer Your Call and follow the Messengers!" (It will be said): "Had you not sworn aforetime that you would not leave (the world for the Hereafter).) (14:44) Allah says here:
أَنَّى لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَى وَقَدْ جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مُّبِينٌ - ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوْاْ عَنْهُ وَقَالُواْ مُعَلَّمٌ مَّجْنُونٌ
(How can there be for them an admonition, when a Messenger explaining things clearly has already come to them. Then they had turned away from him and said: "(He is) one taught, a madman!") meaning, `what further admonition do they need when We have sent them a Messenger with a clear Message and warning Yet despite that, they turned away from him, opposed him and rejected him, and they said: (He is) one taught (by a human being), a madman.' This is like the Ayah:
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإِنسَـنُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى
(On that Day will man remember, but how will that remembrance (then) avail him) (89:23)
وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ فَزِعُواْ فَلاَ فَوْتَ وَأُخِذُواْ مِن مَّكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ - وَقَالُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِهِ وَأَنَّى لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ مِن مَّكَانِ بَعِيدٍ
(And if you could but see, when they will be terrified with no escape, and they will be seized from a near place. And they will say (in the Hereafter): "We do believe (now);" but how could they receive (faith and its acceptance by Allah) from a place so far off...) (34:51-52)
إِنَّا كَاشِفُواْ الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلاً إِنَّكُمْ عَآئِدُونَ
(Verily, We shall remove the torment for a while. Verily, you will revert.) means, `if We were to remove the torment from you for a while, and send you back to the world, you would go back to your former state of disbelief and denial.' This is like the Ayat:
وَلَوْ رَحِمْنَـهُمْ وَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِمْ مِّن ضُرٍّ لَّلَجُّواْ فِى طُغْيَـنِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
(And though We had mercy on them and removed the distress which is on them, still they would obstinately persist in their transgression, wandering blindly.) (23:75)
وَلَوْ رُدُّواْ لَعَـدُواْ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ
(But if they were returned (to the world), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars) (6:28)
The Meaning of the "Great Batshah"
يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى إِنَّا مُنتَقِمُونَ
(On the Day when We shall strike you with the great Batshah. Verily, We will exact retribution.) Ibn Mas`ud interpreted this to mean the day of Badr. This is also the view of a group who agreed with Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, about the meaning of the smoke, as discussed above. It was also narrated from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, in a report related to him from Al-`Awfi and from Ubayy bin Ka`b, may Allah be pleased with him. This is possible, but the apparent meaning is that it refers to the Day of Resurrection, although the day of Badr was also a day of vengeance. Ibn Jarir said, "Ya`qub narrated to me; Ibn `Ulayyah narrated to me, Khalid Al-Hadhdha' narrated to us, from `Ikrimah who said, `Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said that "the great Batshah" is the day of Badr, and I say that it is the Day of Resurrection." This chain of narration is Sahih to him. This is also the view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri and of `Ikrimah according to the more authentic of the two reports narrated from him. And Allah knows best.
فانتظر -أيها الرسول- بهؤلاء المشركين يوم تأتي السماء بدخان مبين واضح يعمُّ الناس، ويقال لهم: هذا عذاب مؤلم موجع، ثم يقولون سائلين رفعه وكشفه عنهم: ربنا اكشف عنا العذاب، فإن كشفته عنا فإنا مؤمنون بك.
قوله تعالى "يغشى الناس" أي يتغشاهم ويعميهم ولو كان أمرا خياليا يخص أهل مكة المشركين لما قيل فيه "يغشى الناس". وقوله تعالى "هذا عذاب اليم" أي يقال لهم ذلك تقريعا وتوبيخا كقوله عز وجل "يوم يدعون إلى نار جهنم دعا هذه النار التي كنتم بها تكذبون" أو يقول بعضهم لبعض ذلك.
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( يَغْشَى الناس ) صفة ثانية للدخان ، والمراد بهم كفار مكة وأمثالهم ممن أصابه الجوع والبلاء .أى : ارتقب - أيها الرسول الكريم - يوم تأتى السماء لهؤلاء المشركين بعذاب من صفاته أنه عذاب واضح ، يحسونه بحواسهم ، ويشعرون به شعورا جليا ، ومن صفاته كذلك أنه يحيط بهم من كل جوانبهم ، ويجعلهم يتضعرون إلينا ويقولون : ( هذا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) أى : شديد ألمه ، وعظيم هوله .
( يغشَى الناس ) : يقول: يغشى أبصارهم من الجهد الذي يصيبهم.( هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) يعني أنهم يقولون مما نالهم من ذلك الكرب والجهد: هذا عذاب أليم. وهو الموجع, وترك من الكلام (يقولون) استغناء بمعرفة السامعين معناه من ذكرها.
يَغْشَى النَّاسَ هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (11)فالمراد بالنّاس من قوله : { يغشى الناس } هم المشركون كما هو الغالب في إطلاق لفظ الناس في القرآن ، وأنه يُكشف زمناً قليلاً عنهم إعذاراً لهم لعلهم يؤمنون ، وأنهم يعودون بعد كشفه إلى ما كانوا عليه ، وأن الله يعيده عليهم كما يؤذن بذلك قوله : { إنّا كاشفوا العذاب قليلاً } [ الدخان : 15 ] . وأما قوله : { يوم نبطش البطشة } [ الدخان : 16 ] فهو عذاب آخر . وكل ذلك يؤذن بأن العذاب بالدخان يقع في الدنيا وأنه مستقبل قريب ، وإذ قد كانت الآية مكية تعيّن أن هذا الدخان الذي هو عذاب للمشركين لا يصيب المؤمنين لقوله تعالى : { وما كان الله لِيُعذِّبهم وأنت فيهم وما كان الله معذبهم وهم يستغفرون }[ الأنفال : 33 ] فتعيّن أن المؤمنين يوم هذا الدخان غير قاطنين بدار الشرك ، فهذا الدخان قد حصل بعد الهجرة لا محالة وتعيّن أنه قد حصل قبل أن يسلم المشركون الذين بمكة وما حولها فيتعيّن أنه حصل قبل فتح مكة أو يوم فتح مكة على اختلاف الأقوال . والأصح أن هذا الدخان عُني به ما أصاب المشركين من سِنِي القحط بمكة بعد هجرة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى المدينة . والأصح في ذلك حديث عبد الله بن مسعود في «صحيح البخاري» عن مسلم وأبي الضحى عن مسروق قال : دخلتُ على عبد الله بن مسعود فقال : إنَّ قريشاً لما غَلَبوا على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم واستعصوا عليه قال : اللّهم أعني عليهم بسبع كسبع يوسف ، فأخذتهم سَنة أكلوا فيها العظام والميتةَ من الجَهْد حتى جعل أحدهم يرى ما بينه وبين السماء كهيئة الدخان من الجوع فأُتي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقيل له : استسققِ لمُضر أن يكشف عنهم العذاب ، فدعا فكشف عنهم وقال الله له : إنْ كشفنا عنهم العذاب عَادوا ، فعادُوا : فانتقم الله منهم يومَ بدر فذلك قوله تعالى : { فارتقب يوم تأتي السماء بدخاننٍ مبينٍ } إلى قوله { يوم نبطش البطشة الكبرى إنا منتقمون } [ الدخان : 10 16 ] والبطشة الكبرى يوم بدر . وإن عبَد الله قال : مَضى خمس : الدخانُ ، والرومُ والقَمَرُ والبطشة واللِّزَام .في حديث أبي هريرة في «صحيح البخاري» في أبواب الاستسقاء أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا رفع رأسه من الركعة الآخرة من الصبح يقول : " اللهم أنْج عياش بن أبي ربيعة . اللّهم أنج سلمة بن هشام ، اللهم أنج الوليد بن الوليد ، اللهم أنج المستضعفين من المؤمنين ، اللهم اشدُدْ وطْأتَك على مُضَر ، اللهم اجعلها عليهم سنينَ كسنيننِ يوسُف " وهؤلاء الذين دعا لهم بالنجاة كانوا ممن حبسهم المشركون بعد الهجرة ، وكل هذه الروايات يؤذن بأن دعاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على المشركين بالسنين كان بعد الهجرة لئلا يعذب المسلمون بالجوع وأنه كان قبل وقعة بدر ، وفي بعض روايات القنوت أنه دعا في القنوت على بني لحيان وعُصيَّة .والذي يستخلص من الروايات أن هذا الجوع حلّ بقريش بُعيد الهجرة ، وذلك هو الجوع الذي دعا به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذ قال : " اللّهم أعِنِّي عليهم بسبَععٍ كسَبْععِ يُوسف " وفي رواية " اللّهم اشْدُدْ وَطْأتَك على مُضر ، اللهم اجعلها عليهم سِنين كسنيننِ يوسف " فأُتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقيل له : استسق لِمُضَر وفي رواية عن مسروق عن ابن مسعود في «صحيح البخاري» أن الذي أتى النبي هو أبُو سفيان . وقال المفسرون : إن أبا سفيان أتاه في ناس من أهل مكة يعني أتوا المدينة لمَّا علموا أنّ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان دعا عليهم بالقحط ، فقالوا : إن قومك قد هلَكُوا فادع الله أن يسقيهم فدعا .وعلى هذه الرواية يكون قوله تعالى : { يوم تأتي السماء بدخان مبين } تمثيلاً لهيئة ما يراه الجائعون من شبه الغِشاوة على أبصارهم حين ينظرون في الجوّ بهيئة الدخان النازل من الأفق ، فالمجاز في التركيب . وأما مفردات التركيب فهي مستعملة في حقائقها لأن من معاني السماء في كلام العرب قُبة الجو ، وتكون جملة { يغشى الناس } ترشيحاً للتمثيلية لأن الذي يغشاهم هو الظلمة التي في أبصارهم من الجوع ، وليس الدخانَ هو الذي يغشاهم . وبعض الروايات ركب على هذه الآية حديثَ الاستسقاء الذي في «الصحيح» أن رجلاً جاء يوم الجمعة والنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب فقال : يا رسول الله هلك الزرع والضرع فادعُ الله أن يسقينا فرفع يديه وقال : اللّهم اسقنَا ثلاثاً ، وما يُرَى في السماء قَزَعَةُ سحاب ، فتلبدت السماء بالسحاب وأمطروا من الجمعة إلى الجمعة حتى سالت الأودية وسال وادي قَنَاة شهراً ، فأتاه آت في الجمعة القابلة هو الأول أو غيره ، فقال : يا رسول الله تقطعت السبل فادع الله أن يمسك المطر عنا ، فقال : اللّهم حَوَالَينا ولا علينا ، فتفرقت السحب حتى صارت المدينة في شبه الإكليل من السحاب .والجمع بين الروايتين ظاهر . ويظهر أن هذا القحط وقع بعد يوم بدر فهو قحط آخر غير قحط قريش الذي ذكر في هذه الآية .ومعنى { يغشى الناس } أنه يحيط بهم ويعمّهم كما تحيط الغَاشية بالجسد ، أي لا ينجو منه أحد من أولئك الناس وهم المشركون . فإن كان المراد من الدخان ما أصاب أبصارهم من رؤية مثل الغبرة من الجوع فالغشيان مجاز ، وإن كان المراد منه غبار الحرب يوم الفتح فالغشيان حقيقة أو مجاز مشهور . ويجوز أن يكون غباراً متصاعداً في الجو من شدة الجفاف .وقوله : { هذا عذاب أليم } قال ابن عطية يجوز أن يكون إخباراً من جانب الله تعالى تعجيباً منه كما في قوله تعالى في قصة الذبيح { إنَّ هذا لهوَ البلاء المبين } [ الصافات : 106 ] . ويحتمل أن يكون ذلك من قول الناس الذين يغشاهم العذاب بتقدير : يقولون : هذا عذاب أليم . والإشارة في { هذا عذاب أليم } إلى الدخان المذكور آنفاً ، عُدل عن استحضاره بالإضمار وأن يقال : هو عذاب أليم ، إلى استحضاره بالإشارة ، لتنزيله منزلة الحاضر المشاهد تهويلاً لأمره كما تقول : هذا الشتاء قادم فأعدَّ له .وقريب منه الأمر بالنظر في قوله تعالى : { انظر كيف كذبوا على أنفسهم } [ الأنعام : 24 ] فإن المحكي مما يحصل في الآخرة .
[يَغْشَى النَّاسَ } أي: يعمهم ذلك الدخان ويقال لهم: { هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ } واختلف المفسرون في المراد بهذا الدخان، فقيل: إنه الدخان الذي يغشى الناس ويعمهم حين تقرب النار من المجرمين في يوم القيامة وأن الله توعدهم بعذاب يوم القيامة وأمر نبيه أن ينتظر بهم ذلك اليوم.ويؤيد هذا المعنى أن هذه الطريقة هي طريقة القرآن في توعد الكفار والتأني بهم وترهيبهم بذلك اليوم وعذابه وتسلية الرسول والمؤمنين بالانتظار بمن آذاهم.
يغشى الناس هذا عذاب أليم قال : فأتي رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقيل : يا رسول الله ، استسق الله لمضر فإنها قد هلكت . قال : ( لمضر ! إنك لجرئ ) فاستسقى فسقوا ، فنزلت إنكم عائدون . فلما أصابتهم الرفاهية عادوا إلى حالهم حين أصابتهم الرفاهية ، فأنزل الله - عز وجل - : يوم نبطش البطشة الكبرى إنا منتقمون قال : يعني يوم بدر . قال أبو عبيدة : والدخان الجدب . القتبي سمي دخانا ليبس الأرض منه حين يرتفع منها كالدخان . القول الثالث : إنه يوم فتح مكة لما حجبت السماء الغبرة ، قاله عبد الرحمن الأعرج ( يغشى الناس ) في موضع الصفة للدخان ، فإن كان قد مضى على ما قال ابن مسعود فهو خاص بالمشركين من أهل مكة ، وإن كان من أشراط الساعة فهو عام على ما تقدم . هذا عذاب أليم أي : يقول الله لهم : ( هذا عذاب أليم ) فمن قال : إن الدخان قد مضى فقوله : ( هذا عذاب أليم ) حكاية حال ماضية ، ومن جعله مستقبلا . فهو حكاية حال آتية . وقيل : ( هذا ) بمعنى ذلك . وقيل : أي : يقول الناس لذلك الدخان : ( هذا عذاب أليم ) وقيل : هو إخبار عن دنو الأمر ، كما تقول : هذا الشتاء فأعد له .
The subject about which these addressees of the Quran were in doubt was not the existence of God but the oneness of God. While accepting the existence of God in a traditional manner, they continued to practise the religion of their forefathers and their leaders. The Quran proved the beliefs of their forefathers to be baseless, but they were not ready to accept this position. On the one hand, they found themselves without supporting arguments while, on the other, they found it impossible to banish from their minds the image of the greatness of their forefathers and leaders. This dual dilemma had pushed them into the realm of doubt. The preacher of God appeared to them too small a person for them to accept, or to act on his advice to abandon their so-called great men. Those who do not accept the Truth through persuasion expose themselves to the danger of having to accept it under threat of punishment. They may accept it in the latter instance, but at that time their acceptance will be of no avail.
Commentary
دُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ...visible smoke" in verse (10) embodies a prophecy and the Prophet ﷺ was asked to watch for the Day when the sky will bring forth a manifest smoke covering the people. There are three opinions recorded about this from the Companions and their pupils.
The first view is that the smoke is one of the portents of the Day of Judgment which will occur very close to the Day of Judgment. This view is held by Sayyidna al-Murtada, Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Abu Hurairah, Zaid Ibn ` Ali ؓ ، Hasan al-Basri Ibn Abi Mulaikah and others رحمۃ اللہ علیہم . This view is recorded traceably on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Said al-Khudri and Hudhaifah Ibn ` Usaid al-Ghifari ؓ which will be set out in detail later.
The second view is that this prophecy has already occurred. This refers to the event when the Quraish did not respond to Islam's call and they grew obstinate, the Apostle of Allah invoked against them that they would suffer seven years of drought and famine as it happened in the time of Prophet Y usuf علیہ السلامٍ. They became so exhausted and hungry that they were forced to eat bones and carrion. When they looked at the sky, they saw nothing but smoke or smoky haze because of their exhaustion, instead of rain-laiden clouds. This view is held by Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ and others.
The third view is held by Sayyidna ` Abdur-Rahman al-'A'raj and others. They say that the 'smoke' refers to the 'dust' which had been stirred up to the sky, and had covered the firmament of Makkah on the day of 'the Conquest of Makkah'. (Qurtubi).
The first two views are most popular. Ibn Kathir says regarding the third view:
ھَذا القول غیرب جِدَّا بل مُنکر
"This view is gharib (unfamiliar), in fact munkar (against authentic reports) ".
The other two views are confirmed by authentic Traditions. Ruh-ul-Ma` ani supports the second view. Tafsir Bayan-ul-Qur'an prefers this view. It would appear that Ibn Kathir and Qurtubi prefer the first view. Allah knows best!
Narrations relating to the two views are as follows. It is recorded in Sahih of Muslim that Sayyidna Hudhaifah Ibn ` Usaid al-Ghifari ؓ said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked out upon us from a room while we were discussing the Hour. He said:
'The Hour will not come until you see ten signs. The rising of the sun from the west; the smoke; the beast (dabbat-ul ard); the emergence of Gog and Magog; the appearance of ` Isa son of Maryam; the Dajjal (anti-Christ); three cases of the earth collapsing - one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian peninsula; and a fire that will emerge from the bottom of Aden and will drive the people - or gather the people - stopping with them when they stop to sleep at night or rest during the day."' (Ibn Kathir).
Ibn Jarir has recorded on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Malik Ash` ari ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I warn you against three things: one, the smoke which will only cause cold in a believer, but will permeate the entire body of an unbeliever so much so that it will ooze out from every pore and minute hole of the skin; the second thing is the beast (of the earth which will be of a strange/unusual type); the third thing will be Dajjal". Having cited this narration, Ibn Kathir said: "This chain of transmitters is good". Ibn Kathir has cited another narration on the same subject vide Ibn Abi Hatim on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Said al-Khudri ؓ . He also cites a narration with reference to Ibn Abi Hatim on the authority of Sayyidna al-Murtada ؓ to the following effect: "This prophecy has not yet been fulfilled. (It will happen close to the Hour). This smoke will be the cause of catarrh for the believer but it will penetrate the entire body of an unbeliever and ooze out of the tiny holes of his skin". Ibn Jarir cites a narration on the same subject on the authority of Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Umar and Ibn ` Abbas ؓ . Ibn Kathir cites this and writes:
ھذا اسناد صحیح الٰی ابن عباس ؓ حبر الامۃ و ترجمان القراٰن وھٰکَذا قول من وافقہ من الصّحابۃ ؓ والتابِعِین رحمۃ اللہ علیہم مع الاحادیث المرفوعہ من الصحاح والحسان وغیرھما الّتی اور دوھا مما فیہ مقنع ودلالۃ ظاھرۃ علی ان الدّخان من الاٰیات المنتظرہ مع انّہ ظاھر القرآن (فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ ) وعلیٰ مافسرہ ابن مسعود انما ھو خیال رأوہ فی اعینھم من شدّد الجوع والجھد وھٰکذا قولہ تعالیٰ (يَغْشَى النَّاسَ ) او یتغشاھم و یعمھم ولو کان امراً خیالیا یخص اھل المکۃ المشرکین لما قیل فیہ یغشی الناس۔
"This chain of transmitters is authentic up to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، the scholar of the Ummah, interpreter of the Qur'an. This is the view of other Companions ؓ and their pupils who concur with Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، together with prophetic Traditions - some being sahih and others hasan. They too are sufficient to prove that the 'smoke' is one of the portents of the Hour. It has not yet occurred, especially since the apparent wordings of the Qur'an bear evidence to this fact. Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's ؓ popular interpretation of the word 'smoke' refers to an imaginary smoke/an illusion which they saw because of their intense hunger and exhaustion, but it is inconceivable that the Qur'an would use a phrase like يَغْشَى النَّاسَ 'that will envelop people ...(11) ’ because this imaginary smoke was experienced by Makkans only. The wordings of the phrase 'that will envelop people ...(11) " show that the smoke had enveloped all the people.
Earlier on, Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's ؓ view was given as follows as recorded in the two Sahihs, Musnad of Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i and others. Sayyidna Masruq ؓ narrates: 'We entered the mosque of Kufah at the gates of kindah - and a preacher recited the verse يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ "a day when the sky will come up with a visible smoke (44:10) " and asked the audience: "Do you know what smoke is that?" Then he said that that is the smoke which will emerge on the Day of Resurrection. It will take away the hearing and sight of the hypocrites, but for the believers it will be like having a cold. Sayyidna Masruq ؓ says, 'when we heard this we went to Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ and told him about it. He was lying down, and he sat up with a start and said: "Allah has given to his prophet the following direction: قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ Say, "I do not demand from you any fee for it, nor am I from among those who make up things artificially" (38:86). This verse proves that it is also a part of knowledge that when a man does not know something, he should say frankly that he does not know and that the correct knowledge is with Allah.(and he should not pretend that he knows it) "Then he narrated a Hadith which interprets the meaning of the verse, thus: When the Quraish did not respond to the call of Islam and grew stubborn, the Messenger of Allah imprecated against them that they should have years like the years of drought and famine during the time of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) . They became so exhausted and hungry that they ate dead meat and bones. When they looked at the sky, they saw nothing but smoke.
According to another report, a man would look at the sky and he would see nothing between him and the sky except a smoky haze on account of intensity of hunger and exhaustion. In support of his argument he recited فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ "So, wait for a day when the sky will come up with a visible smoke (44:10) ". When this event took place, people came up to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ and requested him to pray to Allah to send down rain to his tribe of Mudar. Otherwise, they all will perish. So, the Holy Prophet ﷺ prayed for rain for them, and the rain came down. On that occasion the following verse was revealed إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ ! We are going to remove the punishment for a while, (but) you will certainly go back (to your original position). (44:15) " As predicted, when they were granted ease or reprieve, they reverted to their former state of kufr (disbelief) and Allah revealed the following verse يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَىٰ إِنَّا مُنتَقِمُونَ " (Then,) the day We will seize (you) with the greatest seizure, We will take vengeance. (44:16) "
Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ says that بطشہ کبریٰ "greatest seizure" refers to the battle of Badr. After reporting this incident, Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ says that five events have already taken place:
(1) the smoke;
(2) the (defeat of the) Romans;
(3) the (splitting of the) moon;
(4) the seizure; and
(5) the lizam. (IbnKathir).
The 'smoke', according to this interpretation, refers to the drought and famine in Makkah. The defeat of the Romans was prophesied in the Surah Ar-Rum, thus: وَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ "and they, after their defeat, will be victorious." (30:3) The splitting of the moon refers to the miracle given by Allah to Prophet Muhammad t that is described in Surah -Qamar, thus: اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ "The Hour (of doom) has drawn near, and the moon has split asunder (54:1) ". The 'seizure', according to this interpretation, refers to the consequences of the pagan Quraish in the Battle of Badr. The 'lizam' refers to فَسَوْفَ يَكُونُ لِزَامًا "Now since you belied (the truth), the punishment will be inseparable from you (25:77) ", meaning the unbelievers' persistent denial of the truth will inevitably cause them torment.
A careful analysis of the verses embody several prophecies. First, the appearance of smoke on the sky and enveloping all the people. Second, that the pagans will not be able to bear the torment, so they will pray to Allah for its removal promising that they will believe. Third, they will go back on their words and break their promise. Fourth, Allah - despite their false promise - will remove the punishment for a short while in order to establish an argument against them, showing that they will not keep to their promise. Fourth, He will launch the greatest assault on them again to take revenge. According to Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's ؓ interpretation, all the prophecies have been fulfilled. The first four prophecies were fulfilled during the period when the people of Makkah suffered a severe drought and famine until this torment was lifted. The fifth one was fulfilled on the occasion of the. Battle of Badr. But the difficulty in this interpretation is that it seems inconceivable that the express wordings of the Qur'an such as تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ...the sky will come دُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ a visible smoke (10) يَغْشَى النَّاسَ will envelop people ... (11) " would refer to an imaginary smoke on account of intensity of hunger. The wordings expressly refer to the distinctive smoke that would be brought forth in the open and clear sky, enshrouding all the people. But in this interpretation, there is neither visible smoke in the sky nor is it enveloping the people. The smoke was as a result of the intensity of their own exhaustion. Therefore, following the express wordings of the Qur'an, Ibn Kathir prefers to interpret the expression دُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ "visible smoke" as referring to one of the signs/portents of the Hour. Furthermore, this interpretation is preferable because this is based on Prophetic ahadith, while the other interpretation is based merely on a saying of Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ .
But a strong objection on the interpretation of Ibn Kathir may be raised on the basis of the verse that says, إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ " (Well,) We are going to remove the punishment for a while, (but) you will certainly go back (to your original position). (44:15) ". The problem here is that on the Day of Judgment no punishment of the unbelievers will be removed. The assertion that their punishment will be removed for a few days does not appear to coincide with the interpretation that takes the 'smoke' as a sign of Qiyamah. Responding to this objection, Ibn Kathir has observed that it could have one of two meanings. For one thing, it could mean 'If We, in keeping with your request, grant you reprieve from your torment and send you back to the world, you will revert to your former state of kufr'. This may be compared to another verse on the same subject: وَلَوْ رَحِمْنَاهُمْ وَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِم مِّن ضُرٍّ لَّلَجُّوا فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ "And even if We have mercy on them and remove whatever distress they have, they would still persist obstinately in their rebellion, wandering blindly (23:75) ". Similarly, another verse وَلَوْ رُدُّوا لَعَادُوا لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ "...And if they were sent back, they
would again go for what they were forbidden from...". (6:28)
The other meaning of کاشفوا العَذَاب "We are going to remove the punishment" could be that all the causes of punishment have been completed and the punishment is imminent, but it is postponed for a few days, as it was delayed in the case of the people of Yunus (علیہ السلام) The Qur'an says شَفْنَا عَنْهُمْ عَذَابَ "Surely We have removed from them their punishment" whereas the punishment on the people of Yunus (علیہ السلام) had not yet arrived - only the signs of punishment were visible when it was delayed, but it is described as removal of punishment.
In conclusion, if the prophecy of dukhan ('smoke' ) be taken as one of the portents of the Hour, so the phrase kashiful adhab (We are going to remove the punishment –کاشفوا العذاب) does not create any problem. In this interpretation, the phrase يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَىٰ " (Then,) the day We will seize (you) with the greatest seizure ... (44:16) " refers to the seizure of the Day of Judgment. In Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Mas` ud's 'interpretation it refers to the seizure of the battle of Badr. This is correct because that too was a great seizure, but that does not necessarily mean that a greater seizure will not be made on the Day of Judgment. It is possible that the Qur'an, through these verses, is warning the unbelievers of an impending punishment. Whenever a punishment befell the enemies, the noble Companions took the verses to apply to that particular punishment. This does not negate its being one of the signs of the Hour. Ruh-ul-Ma` ani cites Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud's ؓ narration with reference to ` Allamah Saffarini's book البحورالزاخرۃ 'al-Buhur-uz-Zakhirah', thus:
ھما دخامان مضی واحد والّذی بقی یملأ مابین السّماء والارض ولا یصیب المؤمن الا بالذکمۃ واما الکافر فیشق مسامعہ فیبعث اللہ تعالیٰ عند ذالک الرّیح الجنوب من الیمن فتقبض روح کل مؤمن ویبقیٰ شرار النّاس۔ (روح)
"Two clouds of 'dukhan or smoke' will be produced at two different times: One, in fact, has already occurred on the occasion of the famine of Makkah and the other is still going to be produced. The second smoke will fill the atmosphere between the heaven and the earth. A believer will feel it like having a cold but it will tear through all the pores of an unbeliever. At that time Allah will send southerly wind from Yemen which will take away the soul of every believer; and there shall remain only the unbelievers, the worst of people." (Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani)
The author of Ruh-ul-Ma` ani, in terms of his preferred interpretation, has expressed his suspicion on the authenticity of this narration. However, if the narration can be confirmed, then there will remain no conflict between the Tafsir of Ibn Masud ؓ and the express wordings of the Qur'an and the Prophetic ahadith. Allah, the Pure and Exalted, knows best