Victory, Conquest — Verse 13
48:13 · al-Fath
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وَمَن لَّمۡ یُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ فَإِنَّاۤ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ سَعِیرࣰا ١٣
waman lam yu'min bil-lahi warasūlihi fa-innā aʿtadnā lil'kāfirīna saʿīra
Victory, Conquest / al-Fath (48:13)
We have prepared a blazing Fire for those who do not believe in God and His Messenger
waman lam yu'min bil-lahi warasūlihi fa-innā aʿtadnā lil'kāfirīna saʿīra
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Tafsir Commentary
And whoever does not believe in God and His Messenger We have prepared for the disbelievers a blaze a severe fire.
The Fabricated Excuse offered by Those Who lagged behind and did not participate in Al-Hudaybiyyah
Allah informs His Messenger of the excuses that the bedouins who lagged behind would offer him, those bedouins who preferred to remain in their homes and possessions and did not join the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They offered an excuse for lagging behind, as that of being busy -- in their homes and with their wealth! They asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to invoke Allah to forgive them, not because they had faith in the Prophet and his invocation, but to show off and pretend. This is why Allah the Exalted said about them,
يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرّاً أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعاً
(They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say: "Who then has any power at all (to intervene) on your behalf with Allah, if He intends you hurt or intends you benefit") Allah says, none can resist what Allah has decided in your case, all praise and honor belong to Him. Allah is the Knower of your secrets and what your hearts conceal, even if you pretend and choose to be hypocritical with us. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
بَلْ كَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيراً
(Nay, but Allah is Ever All-Aware of what you do.) then He said,
بَلْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَن لَّن يَنقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَداً
(Nay, but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families,) `for your lagging behind was not an excusable act or just a sin. Rather, your lagging behind was because of hypocrisy and because you thought that the Muslims would be killed to the extent of extermination, their lives would be extinguished and none of them will ever come back,'
وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ قَوْماً بُوراً
(and you did think an evil thought and you became a people Bur) going for destruction, according to `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Mujahid and several others. Qatadah explained Bur to mean, corrupt and some said that it is a word used in the Arabic dialect of the area of Oman. Allah the Exalted then said,
وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ
(And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger,) Allah states here that whoever does not purify his actions outwardly and inwardly for Allah's sake, then Allah the Exalted will punish him in the Blazing Fire, even if he pretends to show people that he follows the faith, contradicting his true creed. Allah the Exalted then states that He is the Only Authority, King and Owner Who has full control over the residents of the heavens and earth,
يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
(He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.) with those who repent, return and submit to Him with humiliation.
ومن لم يصدِّق بالله وبما جاء به رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ويعمل بشرعه، فإنه كافر مستحق للعقاب، فإنا أعددنا للكافرين عذاب السعير في النار.
أي من لم يخلص العمل في الظاهر والباطن لله فإن الله تعالى سيعذبه في السعير وإن أظهر للناس ما يعتقدون خلاف ما هو عليه في نفس الأمر.
ثم ختم - سبحانه - هذا الذم والتهديد للمتخلفين بقوله : ( وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِن بالله وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ سَعِيراً ) .أى : ومن لم يؤمن بالله - تعالى - إيمانا حقا ، وبصدق الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فى كل ما جاء به من عند ربه ، ويطيعه فى كل ما أمر به أو نهى عنه ، عاقبناه عقابا شديدا ، فإنا قد هيأنا للكافرين نارا مسعرة ، تحرق الأبدان ، وتشوى الوجوه . .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ سَعِيرًا (13)يقول تعالى ذكره لهؤلاء المنافقين من الأعراب, ومن لم يؤمن أيها الأعراب بالله ورسوله منكم ومن غيركم, فيصدّقه على ما أخبر به, ويقرّ بما جاء به من الحقّ من عند ربه, فإنا أعددنا لهم جميعا سعيرا من النار تستعر عليهم في جهنم إذا وردوها يوم القيامة; يقال من ذلك: سعرت النار: إذا أوقدتها, فأنا أسعرها سعرا; ويقال: سعرتها أيضا إذا حرّكتها. وإنما قيل للمِسْعر مِسْعر, لأنه يحرّك به النار, ومنه قولهم: إنه لمِسْعر حرب: يراد به موقدها ومهيجها.
" ومن لم يؤمن بالله ورسوله فإنا أعتدنا للكافرين سعيراً "
وَمَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ سَعِيرًا (13(جملة معترضة بين أجزاء القول المأمور به في قوله : { قل فمن يملك لكم من الله شيئاً } [ الفتح : 11 ] الآيات وقوله : { ولله ملك السماوات والأرض } [ آل عمران : 189 ] وهذا الاعتراض للتحذير من استدراجهم أنفسهم في مدارج الشك في إصابة أعمال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يفضي بهم إلى دركات الكفر بعد الإيمان إذ كان تخلفهم عن الخروج معه وما عللوا به تثاقلهم في نفوسهم وإظهار عذر مكذوب أضمروا خلافه ، كل ذلك حوماً حول حمى الشك يوشكون أن يقعوا فيه .و { مَن } شرطية . وإظهار لفظ الكافرين في مقام أن يقال : اعتدنا لهم سعيراً ، لزيادة تقرير معنى { من لم يؤمن بالله ورسوله } .والسعير : النار المسعرة وهو من أسماء جهنم .
الثاني: ضعف إيمانهم ويقينهم بوعد الله، ونصر دينه، وإعلاء كلمته، ولهذا قال: { وَمَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ } أي: فإنه كافر مستحق للعقاب، { فَإِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ سَعِيرًا }
قوله تعالى : ومن لم يؤمن بالله ورسوله فإنا أعتدنا للكافرين سعيرا .وعيد لهم ، وبيان أنهم كفروا بالنفاق .
The Prophet Muhammad had a dream in Madinah that he was undertaking a journey to Makkah for the purpose of performing ‘umrah. In accordance with this, he left for Makkah along with his companions. But at that time, the conditions were very adverse. There was a great fear that there would be a clash with the Quraysh and that the Muslims would be killed in large numbers. As they approached Makkah, the Quraysh did indeed start pelting the Muslim group with stones and attempted to provoke them in different ways, so that they would become overwrought and start fighting, and the Quraysh would thus have an excuse to do battle with them. But the unilateral tolerance shown and the overlooking of these acts on the part of the Muslims deprived the Quraysh of the occasion to fight them. Many weak Muslims belonging to the areas surrounding Madinah did not join the pilgrims on their journey due to the fears mentioned above. When the Prophet had safely returned, these people came to him to profess their loyalty and started asking his pardon. But they were not pardoned, because their excuse was lame and false. Before God, a proper reason is acceptable at all times, while a false pretext is inevitably rejected outright. They had no real excuse for their non-participation in the journey along with God’s Prophet, except for their own feelings of uncertainty. They thought that they were protecting their interests by refusing to go on such a dangerous journey. They did not know that God is the Lord of all benefits and all harm. If God does not protect an individual, no protective armour can save him. Destruction will be the lot of such people in this world as well as in the Hereafter.
Related Considerations
Reference in this passage is to those Bedouin tribes who were invited by Allah's Messenger ﷺ to join the party of 1400 Muslims who were marching to Hudaibiyah but on one pretext or another, they requested to be excused. This was narrated in part [ 1] of the story of Hudaibiyah. According to some versions, some of those people later repented and became sincere Muslims.
(And as for him who believeth not in Allah and His messenger) as for him who is not true in his faith in Allah and His Messenger. (Lo! We have prepared a flame for disbelievers) for disbelievers who disbelieve openly or secretly.