The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments, The Chambers — Verse 8
49:8 · al-Hujurat
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فَضۡلࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَنِعۡمَةࣰۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَكِیمࣱ ٨
faḍlan mina l-lahi waniʿ'matan wal-lahu ʿalīmun ḥakīmu
The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments, The Chambers / al-Hujurat (49:8)
through God’s favour and blessing: God is all knowing and all wise
faḍlan mina l-lahi waniʿ'matan wal-lahu ʿalīmun ḥakīmu
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Tafsir Commentary
that is a favour from God fadlan is a verbal noun in the accusative because of the implied verbal action that is afdala ‘He gives a favour’ and a grace from Him and God is Knower of them Wise in His bestowal of graces on them.
وهذا الخير الذي حصل لهم فضل من الله عليهم ونعمة. والله عليم بمن يشكر نعمه، حكيم في تدبير أمور خلقه.
أي هذا العطاء الذي منحكموه هو فضل منه عليكم ونعمة من لدنه "والله عليم حكيم" أي عليم بمن يستحق الهداية ممن يستحق الغواية حكيم في أقواله وأفعاله وشرعه وقدره.
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( فَضْلاً مِّنَ الله وَنِعْمَةً ) تعليل لما مَنَّ به - سبحانه - عليهم من تزيين الإِيمان فى قلوبهم . أى : فعل ما فعل من تحبيب الإِيمان إليكم ، ومن تبغيض الكفر إلى قلوبكم ، لأجل فضله عليكم ، ورحمته بكم ، وإنعامه عليكم بالنعم التى لا تحصى .( والله ) - تعالى - ( عَلِيمٌ ) بكل شئ ( حَكِيمٌ ) فى كل أفعاله وأقواله وتصرفاته .وبذلك نرى الآيات الكريمة ، قد رسمت للمؤمنين أحكم الطرق فى تلقى الأخبار ، وأرشدتهم إلى مظاهر فضله عليهم ، لكى يستمروا على شكرهم له وطاعتهم لرسله .
وقوله ( فَضْلا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً ) يقول: ولكن الله حبَّب إليكم الإيمان, وأنعم عليكم هذه النعمة التي عدّها فضلا منه, وإحسانا ونعمة منه أنعمها عليكم ( وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ ) يقول: والله ذو علم بالمحسن منكم من المسيء, ومن هو لنعم الله وفضله أهل, ومن هو لذلك غير أهل, وحكمة في تدبيره خلقه, وصرفه إياهم فيما شاء من قضائه.وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل قوله ( وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الأمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ ) قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة ( وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ )... حتى بلغ ( لَعَنِتُّمْ ) هؤلاء أصحاب نبيّ الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, لو أطاعهم نبيّ الله في كثير من الأمر لعنتم, فأنتم والله أسخف رأيا, وأطيش عقولا اتهم رجل رأيه, وانتصح كتاب الله, وكذلك كما قلنا أيضا في تأويل قوله ( وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الإيمَانَ ) قالوا .* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله ( حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الإيمَانَ وَزَيَّنَهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ ) قال: حببه إليهم وحسَّنه في قلوبهم.وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل قوله ( وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الرَّاشِدُونَ * فَضْلا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً ) قالوا أيضا.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ ) قال: الكذب والعصيان; قال: عصيان النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ( أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الرَّاشِدُونَ ) من أين كان هذا؟ قال: فضل من الله ونعمة; قال: والمنافقون سماهم الله أجمعين في القرآن الكاذبين; قال: والفاسق: الكاذب في كتاب الله كله.
" فضلاً "، أي كان هذا فضلاً، " من الله ونعمةً والله عليم حكيم ".
فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (8(.وانتصب { فضلاً من اللَّه ونعمة } على المفعول المطلق المبين للنوع من أفعال { حَبَّب } { وزيَّن } { وكرَّه } لأن ذلك التحبيب والتزيّين والتّكريه من نوع الفضل والنعمة .وجملة { واللَّه عليم حكيم } تذييل لجملة { واعلموا أن فيكم رسول الله } إلى آخرها إشارة إلى أن ما ذكر فيها من آثار علم الله وحكمته . . والواو اعتراضية .
{ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً } أي: ذلك الخير الذي حصل لهم، هو بفضل الله عليهم وإحسانه، لا بحولهم وقوتهم.{ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ } أي: عليم بمن يشكر النعمة، فيوفقه لها، ممن لا يشكرها، ولا تليق به، فيضع فضله، حيث تقتضيه حكمته.
فضلا من الله ونعمة أي فعل الله ذلك بكم فضلا ، أي : الفضل والنعمة ، فهو مفعول له . والله عليم حكيم عليم بما يصلحكم حكيم في تدبيركم .
If anyone provides information about another which takes the form of allegations against the latter, ready acceptance of this news on simply hearing it is absolutely against the precautions imposed by the Faith. It is essential on the part of the hearer of the news to make the necessary investigation about it, and whatever opinion he forms should be after impartial inquiry and not before. It frequently happens that when information of this kind is received, there are immediate suggestions of taking punitive action. This is a case of gross irresponsibility. Nobody should form any opinion about such news before investigation; nor should others suggest direct action without a thorough probe. Those who tread the path of righteousness and guidance develop an entirely different temperament from those who do not. They are averse to levelling allegations against others. They prefer to remain silent rather than talk about a supposed misdemeanour which is as yet uninvestigated. Being of such a nature is an indication of their having been blessed with a share in God’s Graces. The Faith that has really permeated their lives now is being acknowledged in verbal form.
The Holy Prophet's ﷺ Decision is Better
According to the previous verse, Walid Ibn 'Uqbah ؓ reported that Banul-Mustaliq had turned apostate and refused to pay Zakah. At this, the blessed Companions were disturbed and infuriated. They expressed the view that jihad should be declared on them immediately, but the Holy Prophet ﷺ rejected his report on the basis of strong circumstantial evidence to the contrary. He sent Khalid Ibn Walid for investigation. In the foregoing verse, the Qur’ an enjoined that if there are strong reasons to doubt the report conveyed by any person, it is not lawful to act upon it before investigation. In this verse the noble Companions ؓ are given one more guideline: 'Although when you heard the news about Banul-Mustaliq's apostasy, you reacted the way you reacted, and that was on account of your religious zeal and enthusiasm, yet your view was not right and proper. The decision taken by the Holy Prophet ﷺ proved to be better (Mazhari). Thus in matters requiring consultation it is proper to express a view but it is not proper for you to exert efforts to get the Holy Prophet ﷺ to act upon your opinion. Although there is a rare possibility that an opinion expressed by the Holy Prophet ﷺ in some worldly matters comes to be against worldly expedience, and this is not contrary to the station of his prophethood, yet Allah has gifted him with such insight, perspicacity and discernment which you do not have. Therefore, if the Holy Prophet ﷺ were to follow your opinion, in many matters, you will suffer loss and fall into difficulties. If rarely ever your opinion is right or proper, it is still better to abandon your opinion and obey the Holy Prophet ﷺ . By doing so it is possible that you may suffer some worldly loss, but it would not be as harmful as his following your opinion. In this case, even if you suffer any worldly loss, the reward of obedience to the Holy Prophet ﷺ is a better compensation.
Lexically, the word is derived from and it connotes "to commit a sin or crime" and it also means "to suffer from hardship". In this context, both connotations appropriately fit (Qurtubi).
(It is) a bounty and a grace from Allah) that He honoured the believers; (and Allah is Knower) of honouring the believers, (Wise) in placing in their hearts love of faith and hatred of disbelief, lewdness and rebellion.
[that is] a favour from God and a blessing�He said:God has favoured them by that which He initially granted them, and He has guided them to Him with various kinds of proximity (qurb) and intimacy (zulf).His words:
وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
(8 cont. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) All-Knower in those who deserve guidance and those who deserve misguidance, All-Wise in His statements, actions, legislation and the destiny He appoints.