قُلْ
(Say,) O Muhammad ,
لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ
(Not equal are the bad things and the good things, even though they may please you) O human,
كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ
(the abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, the little permissible is better than the abundant evil.
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الأَلْبَـبِ
(have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon the impermissible, and let the permissible be sufficient for you,
لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
(in order that you may be successful.) in this life and the Hereafter. " So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding in order that you may be successful.) (101. O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble. But if you ask about them while the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you. Allah has forgiven that, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) (102. Before you, a community asked such questions, then on that account they became disbelievers.) Allah says to His Messenger ,
قُلْ
(Say,) O Muhammad ,
لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ
(Not equal are the bad things and the good things, even though they may please you) O human,
كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ
(the abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, the little permissible is better than the abundant evil.
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الأَلْبَـبِ
(have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon the impermissible, and let the permissible be sufficient for you,
لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
(in order that you may be successful.) in this life and the Hereafter.
Unnecessary Questioning is Disapproved of
Allah said next,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.) This Ayah refers to good conduct that Allah is teaching His believing servants, by forbidding them from asking about useless things. Since if they get the answers they sought, they might be troublesome for them and difficult on their ears. Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah gave a speech unlike anything I heard before. In this speech, he said,
«لَو تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ، لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلًا، وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا»
(If you but know what I know, you will laugh little and cry a lot.) The companions of Allah's Messenger ﷺ covered their faces and the sound of crying was coming out of their chests. A man asked, `Who is my father' The Prophet said, `So-and-so'. This Ayah was later revealed,
لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ
(Ask not about things...)." Muslim, Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded this Hadith. Ibn Jarir recorded that Qatadah said about Allah's statement,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.) Anas bin Malik narrated that once, the people were questioning the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until they made him angry. So he ascended the Minbar and said,
«لَا تَسْأَلُونِي الْيَوْمَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا بَيَّنْتُهُ لَكُم»
(You will not ask me about anything today but I will explain it to you.) So the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ feared that it was the commencement of a momentous event, and I looked to my right and left and found only people who covered their faces, crying. An argumentative man who was said to be the son of someone other than his true father asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Who is my father The Prophet said, `Your father is Hudhafah." `Umar stood up (when he saw anger on the Prophet's face) and said, "We accept Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion and Muhammad as our Messenger, I seek refuge with Allah from the evil of the Fitan (trials in life and religion)." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«لَمْ أَرَ فِي الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ كَالْيَومِ قَطُّ، صُوِّرَتْ لِي الجَنَّةُ وَالنَّارُ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُهُمَا دُونَ الْحَائِط»
(I have never witnessed both goodness and evil like I have today. Paradise and the Fire were shown to me and I saw them before that wall.) This Hadith was recorded in the Two Sahihs from Sa`id. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Some people used to question the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to mock him. One of them would ask, `Who is my father,' while another would ask, `Where is my camel,' when he lost his camel. Allah sent down this Ayah about them,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble...)." Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ali said, "When this Ayah was revealed,
وَللَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَـعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً
(And Hajj to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can bear the journey.)3:97, they asked, `O Allah's Messenger! Is it required every year' He did not answer them, and they asked again, `Is it every year' He still did not answer them, so they asked, `Is it every year' He said,
«لَا، وَلَوْ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ لَوَجَبَتْ وَلَوْ وَجَبَتْ لَمَا اسْتَطَعْتُم»
(No, and had I said `yes', it would have become obligated, and had it become obligated, you would not be able to bear it.) Allah sent down,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.)." At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith. The apparent wording of this Ayah indicates that we are forbidden to ask about things that if one has knowledge of, he would be sorry he had asked. Consequently, it is better to avoid such questions. rAllah's statement,
وَإِن تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْهَا حِينَ يُنَزَّلُ الْقُرْءَانُ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ
(But if you ask about them while the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you.) means, if you ask about things that you are prohibited from asking about, then when the revelation about them comes to the Messenger , they will be made plain for you,
وَذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
(Verily! That is easy for Allah.) Allah said next,
عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْهَا
(Allah has forgiven that,) what you did before this,
وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ
(and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) Do not ask about things that do not have a ruling yet, for because of your questions, a difficult ruling may be ordained. A Hadith states,
«أَعْظَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ جُرْمًا مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ لَمْ يُحَرَّمْ، فَحُرِّمَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَسْأَلَتِه»
(The worst criminal among the Muslims is he who asks if a matter is unlawful (or not), and it becomes unlawful because of his asking about it.) It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَثْرَةُ سُؤَالِهِمْ وَاخْتِلَافُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِم»
(Leave me as I have left you, those before you were destroyed because of many questions and disputing with their Prophets.) An authentic Hadith also states,
«أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى فَرَضَ فَرَائِضَ فَلَا تُضَيِّعُوهَا، وَحَدَّ حُدُودًا فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا، وَحَرَّمَ أَشْيَاءَ فَلَا تَنْتَهِكُوهَا، وَسَكَتَ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ رَحْمَةً بِكُمْ غَيْرَ نِسْيَانٍ فَلَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْهَا»
(Allah, the Most Honored, has ordained some obligations, so do not ignore them; has set some limits, so do not trespass them; has prohibited some things, so do not commit them; and has left some things without rulings, out of mercy for you, not that He forgot them, so do not ask about them.) Allah said next,
قَدْ سَأَلَهَا قَوْمٌ مِّن قَبْلِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحُواْ بِهَا كَـفِرِينَ
(Before you, a community asked such questions, then on that account they became disbelievers.) meaning, some people before your time asked such questions and they were given answers. They did not believe the answers, so they became disbelievers because of that. This occurred because these rulings were made plain to them, yet they did not benefit at all from that, for they asked about these things not to gain guidance, but only to mock and defy.
Say ‘The evil the unlawful and the good the lawful are not equal even though the abundance of the evil attract you.’ So fear God in avoiding it O people of pith so that you might prosper triumph.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: �The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.�In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly.ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, �This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.�It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, �No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.�It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of �What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,� which was already mentioned.
قل -أيها الرسول-: لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب من كل شيء، فالكافر لا يساوي المؤمن، والعاصي لا يساوي المطيع، والجاهل لا يساوي العالم، والمبتدع لا يساوي المتبع، والمال الحرام لا يساوي الحلال، ولو أعجبك -أيها الإنسان- كثرة الخبيث وعدد أهله. فاتقوا الله يا أصحاب العقول الراجحة باجتناب الخبائث، وفعل الطيبات؛ لتفلحوا بنيل المقصود الأعظم، وهو رضا الله تعالى والفوز بالجنة.
قال البخاري: حدثنا موسى بن إسماعيل حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعد عن صالح بن كيسان عن ابن شهاب عن سعيد بن المسيب قال: البحيرة التي يمنع درها للطواغيت فلا يحلبها أحد من الناس والسائبة كانوا يسيبونها لآلهتهم لا يحمل عليها شيء قال: وقال أبو هريرة قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "رأيت عمرو بن عامر الخزاعي يجر قصبه في النار كان أول من سيب السوائب" والوصيلة الناقة البكر تبكر في أول نتاج الإبل ثم تثني بعد بأنثى وكانوا يسيبونها لطواغيتهم إن وصلت إحداهما بالأخرى ليس بينهما ذكر والحام فحل الإبل يضرب الضراب المعدود فإذا قضي ضرابه ودعوه للطواغيت وأعفوه عن الحمل فلم يحمل عليه شيء وسموه الحامي وكذا رواه مسلم والنسائي من حديث إبراهيم بن سعد به ثم قال البخاري: وقال لي أبو اليمان أخبرنا شعيب عن الزهري قال: سمعت سعيدا يخبر بهذا قال: وقال أبو هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نحوه ورواه ابن الهاد عن ابن شهاب عن سعيد عن أبي هريرة رضي الله تعالى عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال الحاكم: أراد البخاري أن يزيد بن عبدالله بن الهاد رواه عن عبدالوهاب بن بخت عن الزهري كذا حكاه شيخنا أبو الحجاج المزني في الأطراف وسكت ولم ينبه عليه وفيما قاله الحاكم نظر فإن الإمام أحمد وأبا جعفر بن جرير روياه من حديث الليث بن سعد عن ابن الهاد عن الزهري نفسه والله أعلم ثم قال البخاري: حدثنا محمد بن أبي يعقوب أبو عبدالله الكرماني حدثنا حسان بن إبراهيم حدثنا يونس عن الزهري عن عروة أن عائشة رضي الله تعالى عنها قالت: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "رأيت جهنم يحطم بعض بعضا ورأيت عمرا يجر قصبه وهو أول من سيب السوائب" تفرد به البخاري وقال ابن جرير: حدثنا هناد حدثنا يونس بن بكير حدثنا محمد بن إسحاق حدثني محمد بن إبراهيم بن الحارث عن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول لأكثم بن الجون "يا أكثم رأيت عمرو بن لحي بن قمعه بن خندف يجر قصبه في النار فما رأيت رجلا أشبه برجل منك به ولا به منك" فقال أكثم تخشى أن يضرني شبهه يا رسول الله؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "لا إنك مؤمن وهو كافر إنه أول من غير دين إبراهيم وبحر البحيرة وسيب السائبة وحمي الحامي" ثم رواه عن هناد عن عبدة عن محمد بن عمرو عن أبي سلمة عن أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بنحوه أو مثله ليس هذان الطريقان في الكتب. وقال الإمام أحمد: حدثنا عمرو بن مجمع حدثنا إبراهيم الهجري عن أبي الأحوص عن عبدالله بن مسعود عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "إن أول من سيب السوائب وعبد الأصنام أبو خزاعة عمرو بن عامر وإني رأيته يجر أمعاءه في النار" تفرد به أحمد من هذا الوجه وقال عبدالرزاق أنبأنا معمر عن زيد بن أسلم قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إني لأعرف أول من سيب السوائب وأول من غير دين إبراهيم عليه السلام" قالوا ومن هو يا رسول الله؟ قال "عمرو بن لحي أخو بني كعب لقد رأيته يجر قصبه فى النار تؤذي رائحته أهل النار وإني لأعرف أول من بحر البحائر" قالوا ومن هو يا رسول الله؟ قال "رجل من بني مدلج كانت له ناقتان نجدع آذانهما وحرم ألبانهما ثم شرب ألبانهما بعد ذلك فلقد رأيته في النار وهما يعضانه بأفواههما ويطآنه بأخفافهما" فعمرو هذا هو ابن لحي بن قمعة أحد رؤساء خزاعة الذين ولوا البيت بعد جرهم وكان أول من غير دين إبراهيم الخليل فأدخل الأصنام إلى الحجاز ودعا الرعاع من الناس إلى عبادتها والتقرب بها وشرع لهم هذه الشرائع الجاهلية في الأنعام وغيرها كما ذكره الله تعالى في سورة الأنعام عند قوله تعالى" وجعلوا لله مما ذرأ من الحرث والأنعام نصيبا إلى آخر الآيات في ذلك فأما البحيرة فقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما هي الناقة إذا نتجت خمسة أبطن نظروا إلى الخامس فإن كان ذكرا ذبحوه فأكله الرجال دون النساء وإن كان أنثى جدعوا آذانها فقالوا هذه بحيرة. وذكر السدي وغيره قريبا من هذا وأما السائبة فقال مجاهد هى من الغنم نحو ما فسر من البحيرة إلا أنها ما ولدت من ولد كان بينها وبينه ستة أولاد كانت على هيئتها فإذا ولدت السابع ذكرا أو ذكرين ذبحوه فأكله رجالهم دون نسائهم وقال محمد بن إسحاق السائبة هى الناقة إذا ولدت عشر إناث من الولد ليس بينهن ذكر سيبت فلم تركب ولم يجز وبرها ولم يحلب لبنها إلا الضيف وقال أبو روق السائبة كان الرجل إذا خرج فقضيب حاجته سيب من ماله ناقة أو غيرها فجعلها للطواغيت فما ولدت من شيء كان لها. وقال السدي: كان الرجل منهم إذا قضيت حاجته أو عوفي من مرض أو كثر ماله سيب شيئا من ماله للأوثان فمن عرض له من الناس عوقب بعقوبة في الدنيا. وأما الوصيلة فقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس: هي الشاة إذا نتجت سبعة أبطن نظروا إلى السابع فإن كان ذكرا وهو ميت اشترك فيه الرجال دون النساء وإن كان أنثى استحيوها وإن كان ذكرا وأنثى في بطن واحد استحيوهما وقالوا: وصلته أخته فحرمته علينا رواه ابن أبي حاتم. وقال عبدالرزاق أنبأنا معمر عن الزهري عن سعيد بن المسيب ولا وصيلة قال: فالوصيلة من الإبل كانت الناقة تبتكر من الأنثى ثم ثنت بأنثى فسموها الوصيلة ويقولون وصلت أنثيين ليس بينهما ذكر فكانوا يجدعونها لطواغيتهم. وكذا روي عن الإمام مالك بن أنس رحمه الله تعالى وقال محمد بن إسحاق الوصيلة من الغنم إذا ولدت عشر إناث في خمسة أبطن توأمين توأمين في كل بطن سميت الوصيلة وتركت فما ولدت بعد ذلك من ذكر أو أنثى جعلت للذكور دون الإناث وإن كانت ميتة اشتركوا فيها وأما الحامي فقال العوفي عن ابن عباس قال: كان الرجل إذا لقح فحله عشرا قيل حام فاتركوه. وكذا قال أبو روق وقتادة وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس: وأما الحام فالفحل من الإبل إذا ولد لولده قالوا حمي هذا ظهره فلا يحملون عليه شيئا ولا يجزون له وبرا ولا يمنعونه من حمى رعي ومن حوض يشرب منه وإن كان الحوض لغير صاحبه. وقال ابن وهب: سمعت مالكا يقول: أما الحام فمن الإبل كان يضرب في الإبل فإذا انقضى ضرابه جعلوا عليه ريش الطواويس وسيبوه وقد قيل غير ذلك في تفسير هذه الآية. وقد ورد في ذلك حديث رواه ابن أبي حاتم من طريق أبي أسحاق السبيعي عن أبي الأحوص الجشمي عن أبيه مالك بن نضلة قال: أتيت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فى خلقان من الثياب فقال لي "هل لك من مال ؟ " فقلت نعم قال " من أي المال؟ " قال: فقلت من كل المال من الإبل والغنم والخيل والرقيق قال "فإذا آتاك الله مالا فكثر عليك" ثم قال "تنتج إبلك وافية آذانها؟ " قال قلت نعم قال "وهل تنتج الإبل إلا كذلك ؟ " قال " فلعلك تأخذ الموسى فتقطع آذان طائفة منها وتقول هذه بحير وتشق آذان طائفة منها وتقول هذه حرم" قلت نعم قال "فلا تفعل إن كل ما آتاك الله لك حل" ثم قال" ما جعـل الله من بحيرة ولا سائبة ولا وصيلة ولا حام" أما البحيرة فهي التي يجدعون آذانها فلا تنتفع امرأته ولا بناته ولا أحد من أهل بيته بصوفها ولا أوبارها ولا أشعارها ولا ألبانها فإذا ماتت اشتركوا فيها. وأما السائبة فهي التي يسيبون لآلهتهم ويذهبون إلى آلهتهم فيسيبونها وأما الوصيلة فالشاة تلد ستة أبطن فإذا ولدت السابع جدعت وقطع قرنها فيقولون قد وصلت فلا يذبحونها ولا تضرب ولا تمنع مهما وردت علي حوض هكذا يذكر تفسير ذلك مدرجا في الحديث. وقد روي من وجه آخر عن أبي إسحاق عن أبي الأحوص عوف بن مالك من قوله وهو أشبه وقد روي هذا الحديث الإمام أحمد عن سفيان بن عيينة عن أبي الزعراء عمرو بن عمرو عن عمه أبي الأحوص عوف بن مالك بن نضلة عن أبيه به وليس فيه تفسير هذه الآية والله أعلم. وقوله تعالي" ولكن الذين كفروا يفترون على الله الكذب وأكثرهم لا يعقلون" أي ما شرع الله هذه الأشياء ولا هي عنده قربة ولكن المشركين افتروا ذلك وجعلوه شرعا لهم وقربة يتقربون بها إليه وليس ذلك بحاصل لهم بل هو وبال عليهم.
ثم صرح - سبحانه - بعد ذلك بأنه لا يستوي عنده الخبيث والطيب فقال : ( قُل لاَّ يَسْتَوِي الخبيث والطيب وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الخبيث ) .والخبيث - كما يقول الراغب - ما يكره رداءه وخساسة محسوسا كان أم معقولا ، وأصله الردئ الدخلة الجاري مجري خبث الحديد كما قال الشاعر :سبكناه ونحسبه لجينا ... فأبدى الكير على خبث الحديدوذلك يتناول الباطل في الاعتقاد ، والكذب في المقال ، والقبيح في الفعال .والطيب : الشيء الحسن الذي أباحته الشريعة ورضيته العقول السليمة ، ويتناول الاعتقاد الحق ، والمقال الصدق ، والعمل الصالح .والمعنى : قل - يا محمد - للناس : إنه لا يستوي عند الله ولا عند العقلاه القبيح والحسن من كل شيء ، لأن الشيء القبيح - في ذاته أو في سببه أو في غير ذلك من أشكاله - بغيض إلى الله وإلى كل عاقل ، وسكون مصيره إلى الهلاك والبوار .أما الشيء الطيب الحسن فهو محبوب من الله ومن كل عاقل ، ومحمود العاقبة دنيا ودينا .وقوله : ( وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الخبيث ) زيادة في التنفير من الشيء الخبيث ، وحض على التمسك بما هو طيب .أي : لا يستوي في ميزان الله ولا في ميزان العقلاء الخبيث والطيب ، حتى ولو كان الفريق الخبيث كثير المظهر ، براق الشكل ، تعجب الناظرين هيئته فلا تغتر به أيها العاقل ، ولا تؤثر في نفسك كثرته وسطوته فإنه مهما كثر وظهر وفشا . فإنه سيء العاقبة ، سريع الزوال ، لذته تعقبها الحسرة ، وشهوته تتلوها الندامة ، وسطوته تصحبها الخسارة والكراهية ، وطريقة المليئة بالدنس والقذر يجب أن يوصد أبوابها الأخيار الشرفاء .أما الفريق الطيب أو الشيء الطيب فهو محمود العاقبة ، لذته الحلال يباركها الله ، وثماره الحسنة تؤيدها شريعته وتستريح لها العقول السليمة ، والقلوب النقية من كل دنس وباطل وطريقه المستقيم - مهما قل - سالكوه - هو الطريق الذي يوصل إلى كل خير وفلاح .ولا شك أن العقل عندما يتخلص من الهوى سيختار الطيب على الخبيث لأن في الطيب سعادة الدنيا والآخرة .وما أحسن قول أم المؤمنين عائشة - رضي الله عنها : " ما تمتع الأشرار بشيء إلا وتمتع به الأخيار ، وزادوا عليهم رضا الله - عز وجل - " .والفاء في قوله : ( فاتقوا الله ياأولي الألباب لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ) للإفصاح عن كلام مقدر ، والتقدير :إذا كان الأمر كما بينت لكم - أيها الناس - من أنه لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب . لأن أهل الخبيث سيعاقبون ويندمون مهما كثروا وأهل الطيب سيثابون ويفرحون ، إذا كان الأمر كذلك فاتقوا الله يا أصحابا العقول السليمة بأن تجتنبوا كل ما هو خبيث ، وتقبلوا على كل ما هو طيب ، لعلكم بسبب هذه التقوى والخشية من الله تنولون الفلاح والنجاح في دنياكم وآخرتكم .والجملة الكريمة تذييل قصد به تأكيد ما مر من الترغيب في الطاعات والتحذير من المعاصي قال الفخر الرازي : لما ذكر - سبحانه - هذه الترغيبات الكثيرة في الطاعة ، والتحذيرات من المعصية . أتبعها بوجه آخر يؤكدها فقالك ( فاتقوا الله ياأولي الألباب لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ) : أي : فاتقوا الله بعد هذه البيانات الجليلة والتعريفات القوية ، ولا تقدموا على مخالفته لعلكم تصيرون فائزين بالمطالب الدنيوية والدينية العاجلة والآجلة .
القول في تأويل قوله : قُلْ لا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِقال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، قل يا محمد: لا يعتدل الرديء والجيد, والصالح والطالح, والمطيع والعاصي (112) = ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث "، يقول: لا يعتدل العاصي والمطيع لله عند الله، ولو كثر أهل المعاصى فعجبت من كثرتهم, لأن أهل طاعة الله هم المفلحون الفائزون بثواب الله يوم القيامة وإن قلُّوا، دون أهل معصيته= وإن أهل معاصيه هم الأخسرون الخائبون وإن كثروا.يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم: فلا تعجبنَّ من كثرة من يعصى الله فيُمْهِله ولا يعاجله بالعقوبة، فإن العقبَى الصالحة لأهل طاعة الله عنده دونهم، كما:-12793 - حدثني محمد بن الحسين قال ، حدثنا أحمد بن مفضل قال ، حدثنا أسباط, عن السدي،" لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب ولو أعجبك كثرة " الخبيث "، قال: الخبيث، هم المشركون= و " الطيب "، هم المؤمنون.* * *وهذا الكلام وإن كان مخرجه مخرجَ الخطاب لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فالمراد به بعض أتباعه, يدل على ذلك قوله: " فاتقوا الله يا أولي الألباب لعلكم تفلحون "* * *القول في تأويل قوله : فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَا أُولِي الأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (100)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: واتقوا الله بطاعته فيما أمركم ونهاكم, واحذروا أن يستحوذ عليكم الشيطان بإعجابكم كثرة الخبيث, فتصيروا منهم=" يا أولي الألباب "، يعني بذلك أهلَ العقول والحِجَى, الذين عقلوا عن الله آياته, وعرفوا مواقع حججه. (113) =" لعلكم تفلحون " ، يقول: اتقوا الله لتفلحوا، أي: كي تنجحوا في طلبكم ما عنده. (114)----------------الهوامش :(112) انظر تفسير: "استوى" فيما سلف 9: 85= وتفسير"الخبيث" فيما سلف 5: 558 ، 559/7: 424 ، 527= وتفسير"الطيب" فيما سلف 10: 513 تعليق: 3 ، والمراجع هناك.(113) انظر تفسير"أولي الألباب" فيما سلف 3 : 383/ 4 : 162 /5 : 580 /6 : 211 وفي التعليق على المواضع السالفة خطأ ، يصحح من هنا.(114) انظر تفسير"الفلاح" فيما سلف 10: 564 تعليق: 1 ، والمراجع هناك.
( قل لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب ) أي الحلال والحرام ، ) ( ولو أعجبك ) سرك ) ( كثرة الخبيث ) نزلت في شريح بن [ ضبيعة ] البكري ، وحجاج بن بكر بن وائل ) ( فاتقوا الله ) ولا تتعرضوا للحجاج وإن كانوا مشركين ، وقد مضت القصة في أول السورة ، ( ياأولي الألباب لعلكم تفلحون ) .
لما آذن قوله : { اعلموا أنّ الله شديد العقاب وأنّ الله غفور رحيم } [ المائدة : 98 ] وقوله : { والله يعلم ما تبدون وما تكتمون } [ المائدة : 99 ] بأنّ الناس فريقان : مطيعون وعصاة ، فريق عاندوا الرسول ولم يمتثلوا ، وهم من بقي من أهل الشرك ومن عاضدهم من المنافقين ، وربما كانوا يظهرون للقبائل أنّهم جمع كثير ، وأنّ مثلهم لا يكون على خطأ ، فأزال الله الأوهام التي خامرت نفوسهم فكانت فتنة أو حجّة ضالّة يموّه بها بعض منهم على المهتدين من المسلمين . فالآية تؤذن بأن قد وجدت كثرة من أشياء فاسدة خيف أن تستهوي من كانوا بقلّة من الأشياء الصالحة ، فيحتمل أن تكون تلك الكثرة كثرة عدد في الناس إذ معلوم في متعارف العرب في الجاهلية وفي أول الإسلام الاعتزاز بالكثرة والإعجاب بها . قال الأعشى :ولستَ بالأكثرِ منهم حصًى ... وإنّما العزّة للكاثروقال السموأل أو عبد الملك الحارثي :تعيّرنا أنّا قليل عَدِيدنَا ... وقد تعجّب العنبري إذ لام قومه فقال :لكنّ قومي وإن كانوا ذوي عَدد ... ليسوا من الشرّ في شيء وإن هاناقال السديّ : كثرة الخبيث هم المشركون ، والطيّب هم المؤمنون . وهذا المعنى يناسب لو يكون نزول هذه الآية قبل حجّة الوداع حين كان المشركون أكثر عدداً من المسلمين؛ لكن هذه السورة كلّها نزلت في عام حجّة الوداع فيمكن أن تكون إشارة إلى كثرة نصارى العرب في الشام والعراق ومشارف الشام لأنّ المسلمين قد تطلّعوا يومئذٍ إلى تلك الأصقاع ، وقيل : أريد منها الحرام والحلال من المال ، ونقل عن الحسن .ومعنى { لا يستوي } نفي المساواة ، وهي المماثلة والمقاربة والمشابهة . والمقصود منه إثبات المفاضلة بينهما بطريق الكناية ، والمقام هو الذي يعيّن الفاضل من المفضول ، فإنّ جعل أحدهما خبيثاً والآخر طيّباً يعيّن أنّ المراد تفضيل الطيّب . وتقدّم عند قوله تعالى : { ليسوا سواء } في سورة آل عمران ( 113 ) . ولمّا كان من المعلوم أنّ الخبيث لا يساوي الطيّب وأنّ البون بينهما بعيد ، علم السامع من هذا أنّ المقصود استنزال فهمه إلى تمييز الخبيث من الطيّب في كلّ ما يلتبس فيه أحدهما بالآخر ، وهذا فتح لبصائر الغافلين كيلا يقعوا في مهواة الالتباس ليعلموا أنّ ثمّة خبيثاً قد التفّ في لباس الحسن فتموّه على الناظرين ، ولذلك قال ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث } . فكان الخبيث المقصود في الآية شيئاً تلبّس بالكثرة فراق في أعين الناظرين لكثرته ، ففتح أعينهم للتأمّل فيه ليعلموا خبثه ولا تعجبهم كثرته .فقوله : { ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث } من جملة المقول المأمور به النبيءُ صلى الله عليه وسلم أي قُل لهم هذا كلّه ، فالكاف في قوله : { أعجبك } للخطاب ، والمخاطب بها غير معيَّن بل كلّ من يصلح للخطاب ، مثل { ولو ترى إذ وقفوا على النار } [ الأنعام : 27 ] ، أي ولو أعجبَ مُعْجَبا كثرةُ الخبيث .وقد علمت وجه الإعجاب بالكثرة في أول هذه الآية .وليس قوله : { ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث } بمقتض أنّ كلّ خبيث يكون كثيراً ولا أن يكون أكثر من الطيِّب من جنسه ، فإنّ طيِّب التَمر والبرّ والثمار أكثر من خبيثها ، وإنّما المراد أن لا تعجبكم من الخبيث كثرته إذا كان كثيراً فتصرفكم عن التأمّل من خبثه وتحدُوَكم إلى متابعته لكثرته ، أي ولكن انظروا إلى الأشياء بصفاتها ومعانيها لا بأشكالها ومبانيها ، أو كثرةُ الخبيث في ذلك الوقت بوفرة أهل الملل الضالّة . والإعجاب يأتي الكلام عليه عند قوله تعالى : { فلا تُعْجبْك أمْوالهم ولا أولادهم } في سورة براءة ( 55 ) .وفي تفسير ابن عرفة } قال : «وكنت بحثت مع ابن عبد السلام وقلت له : هذه تدلّ على الترجيح بالكثرة في الشهادة لأنّهم اختلفوا إذا شهد عدلان بأمر وشهد عشرة عدول بضدّه ، فالمشهور أن لا فرق بين العشرة والعدلين ، وهما متكاملان . وفي المذهب قول آخر بالترجيح بالكثرة . فقوله : { ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث } يدلّ على أنّ الكثرة لها اعتبار بحيث إنّها ما أسقطت هنا إلاّ للخبث ، ولم يوافقني عليه ابن عبد السلام بوجه . ثم وجدت ابن المنير ذكره بعينه» اه .والواو في قوله { ولو أعجبك } واو الحال ، و { لو } اتّصالية ، وقد تقدّم بيان معناهما عند قوله تعالى : { فلن يقبل من أحدهم ملْءُ الأرض ذهباً ولو افتدى به } في سورة آل عمران ( 91 ) .وتفريع قوله : فاتّقوا الله يا أولى الألباب } على ذلك مؤذن بأنّ الله يريد منّا إعمال النظر في تمييز الخبيث من الطيّب ، والبحث عن الحقائق ، وعدم الاغترار بالمظاهر الخلابة الكاذبة ، فإنّ الأمر بالتقوى يستلزم الأمر بالنظر في تمييز الأفعال حتى يُعرف ما هو تقوى دون غيره .ونظير هذا الاستدلال استدلاللِ العلماء على وجوب الاجتهاد بقوله تعالى : { فاتّقوا الله ما استطعتم } [ التغابن : 16 ] ، لأنّ ممّا يدخل تحت الاستطاعة الاجتهاد بالنسبة للمتأهّل إليه الثابت له اكتساب أداته . ولذلك قال هنا : { يأولي الألباب } فخاطب الناس بصفة ليؤمىء إلى أنّ خلق العقول فيهم يمكِّنهم من التمييز بين الخبيث والطيّب لاتّباع الطيّب ونبذ الخبيث . ومن أهمّ ما يظهر فيه امتثال هذا الأمر النظر في دلائل صدق دعوى الرسول وأن لا يحتاج في ذلك إلى تطلّب الآيات والخوارق كحال الذين حكى الله عنهم { وقالوا لن نؤمن لك حتى تفجّر لنا من الأرض ينبوعاً } [ الإسراء : 90 ] الآية ، وأن يميّز بين حال الرسول وحال السحرة والكهّان وإن كان عددهم كثيراً .وقوله : { لعلّكم تفلحون } تقريب لحصول الفلاح بهم إذا اتّقوا هذه التقوى التي منها تمييز الخبيث من الطيّب وعدم الاغترار بكثرة الخبيث وقلّة الطيّب في هذا .
أي: { قُلْ } للناس محذرا عن الشر ومرغبا في الخير: { لَا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ } من كل شيء، فلا يستوي الإيمان والكفر، ولا الطاعة والمعصية، ولا أهل الجنة وأهل النار، ولا الأعمال الخبيثة والأعمال الطيبة، ولا المال الحرام بالمال الحلال. { وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ } فإنه لا ينفع صاحبه شيئا، بل يضره في دينه ودنياه. { فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ } فأمر أُولي الألباب، أي: أهل العقول الوافية، والآراء الكاملة، فإن الله تعالى يوجه إليهم الخطاب. وهم الذين يؤبه لهم، ويرجى أن يكون فيهم خير. ثم أخبر أن الفلاح متوقف على التقوى التي هي موافقة الله في أمره ونهيه، فمن اتقاه أفلح كل الفلاح، ومن ترك تقواه حصل له الخسران وفاتته الأرباح.
قوله تعالى : قل لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث فاتقوا الله يا أولي الألباب لعلكم تفلحونقوله تعالى : قل لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب فيه ثلاث مسائل :[ ص: 250 ] الأولى : قال الحسن : الخبيث والطيب الحلال والحرام ، وقال السدي : المؤمن والكافر ، وقيل : المطيع والعاصي . وقيل : الرديء والجيد ; وهذا على ضرب المثال ، والصحيح أن اللفظ عام في جميع الأمور ، يتصور في المكاسب والأعمال والناس ، والمعارف من العلوم وغيرها ; فالخبيث من هذا كله لا يفلح ولا ينجب ، ولا تحسن له عاقبة وإن كثر ، والطيب وإن قل نافع جميل العاقبة . قال الله تعالى : والبلد الطيب يخرج نباته بإذن ربه والذي خبث لا يخرج إلا نكدا ، ونظير هذه الآية قوله تعالى : أم نجعل الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات كالمفسدين في الأرض أم نجعل المتقين كالفجار وقوله أم حسب الذين اجترحوا السيئات أن نجعلهم كالذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات ; فالخبيث لا يساوي الطيب مقدارا ولا إنفاقا ، ولا مكانا ولا ذهابا ، فالطيب يأخذ جهة اليمين ، والخبيث يأخذ جهة الشمال ، والطيب في الجنة ، والخبيث في النار وهذا بين . وحقيقة الاستواء الاستمرار في جهة واحدة ، ومثله الاستقامة وضدها الاعوجاج ، ولما كان هذا وهي :الثانية : قال بعض علمائنا : إن البيع الفاسد يفسخ ولا يمضى بحوالة سوق ، ولا بتغير بدن ، فيستوي في إمضائه مع البيع الصحيح ، بل يفسخ أبدا ، ويرد الثمن على المبتاع إن كان قبضه ، وإن تلف في يده ضمنه ; لأنه لم يقبضه على الأمانة ، وإنما قبضه بشبهة عقد . وقيل : لا يفسخ نظرا إلى أن البيع إذا فسخ ورد بعد الفوت يكون فيه ضرر وغبن على البائع ، فتكون السلعة تساوي مائة وترد عليه وهي تساوي عشرين ، ولا عقوبة في الأموال ، والأول أصح لعموم الآية ، ولقوله عليه السلام : من عمل عملا ليس عليه أمرنا فهو رد .قلت : وإذا تتبع هذا المعنى في عدم الاستواء في مسائل الفقه تعددت وكثرت ، فمن ذلك الغاصب وهي :الثالثة : إذا بنى في البقعة المغصوبة أو غرس فإنه يلزمه قلع ذلك البناء والغرس ; لأنه خبيث ، وردها ; خلافا لأبي حنيفة في قوله : لا يقلع ويأخذ صاحبها القيمة ، وهذا يرده قوله عليه السلام : ليس لعرق ظالم حق . قال هشام : العرق الظالم أن يغرس الرجل في أرض غيره ليستحقها بذلك . قال مالك : العرق الظالم كل ما أخذ واحتفر وغرس في غير حق . قال [ ص: 251 ] مالك : من غصب أرضا فزرعها ، أو أكراها ، أو دارا فسكنها أو أكراها ، ثم استحقها ربها أن على الغاصب كراء ما سكن ورد ما أخذ في الكراء واختلف قوله إذا لم يسكنها أو لم يزرع الأرض وعطلها ; فالمشهور من مذهبه أنه ليس عليه فيه شيء ; وقد روي عنه أنه عليه كراء ذلك كله ، واختاره الوقار ، وهو مذهب الشافعي ; لقوله عليه السلام : ليس لعرق ظالم حق وروى أبو داود عن أبي الزبير أن رجلين اختصما إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : غرس أحدهما نخلا في أرض الآخر ، فقضى لصاحب الأرض بأرضه ، وأمر صاحب النخل أن يخرج نخله منها ، قال : فلقد رأيتها ، وإنها لتضرب أصولها بالفئوس حتى أخرجت منها وإنها لنخل عم ، وهذا نص . قال ابن حبيب : والحكم فيه أن يكون صاحب الأرض مخيرا على الظالم ، إن شاء حبس ذلك في أرضه بقيمته مقلوعا ، وإن شاء نزعه من أرضه ; وأجر النزع على الغاصب ، وروى الدارقطني عن عائشة قالت : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : من بنى في رباع قوم بإذنهم فله القيمة ومن بنى بغير إذنهم فله النقض قال علماؤنا : إنما تكون له القيمة ; لأنه بنى في موضع يملك منفعته ، وذلك كمن بنى أو غرس بشبهة فله حق ; إن شاء رب المال أن يدفع إليه قيمته قائما ، وإن أبى قيل للذي بنى أو غرس : ادفع إليه قيمة أرضه براحا ; فإن أبى كانا شريكين . قال ابن الماجشون : وتفسير اشتراكهما أن تقوم الأرض براحا ، ثم تقوم بعمارتها فما زادت قيمتها بالعمارة على قيمتها براحا كان العامل شريكا لرب الأرض فيها ، إن أحبا قسما أو حبسا . قال ابن الجهم : فإذا دفع رب الأرض قيمة العمارة وأخذ أرضه كان له كراؤها فيما مضى من السنين . وقد روي عن ابن القاسم وغيره أنه إذا بنى رجل في أرض رجل بإذنه ثم وجب له إخراجه ، فإنه يعطيه قيمة بنائه مقلوعا ، والأول أصح لقوله عليه السلام : فله القيمة وعليه أكثر الفقهاء .الرابعة : قوله تعالى : ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث قيل : الخطاب للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم والمراد أمته ; فإن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يعجبه الخبيث ، وقيل : المراد به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نفسه ، وإعجابه له أنه صار عنده عجبا مما يشاهده من كثرة الكفار والمال الحرام ، وقلة المؤمنين والمال الحلال . فاتقوا الله يا أولي الألباب لعلكم تفلحون تقدم معناه
It has been recorded in the traditions that when the order regarding Hajj was received, the Prophet Muhammad said in a sermon ‘O, people! Hajj has been made compulsory for you.’ On hearing this, a person from the Banu Asad tribe got up and asked: ‘O, Prophet of God! Is it for every year?’ The Prophet Muhammad was very angry and said, ‘By the Lord in whose hands my life is! Had I said “‘Yes”, it would have become compulsory for every year, and having become compulsory for every year, you would not have been able to perform it every year and thus committed denial of truth.’ So, leave out whatever I leave out. When I order anything to be done, do it, and when I prohibit you from doing anything, don’t do it.’ (Tafsir ibn Kathir).
In the fourth verse (100), it was said: قُل لَّا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ (Say, "The bad and the good are not equal ... ). In Arabic, the words "Tayyib" and "Khabith" are antonyms. Tayyib refers to what is the best and purest in everything and Khabith to what is the most condemned and evil. In this verse, as held by the majority of commentators, Khabith means حَرَام haram or impure, while Tayyib means Halal and pure. Thus, the verse would come to mean that with Allah Ta` ala, rather with every-one having sound reason and good taste, pure and impure or Halal and haram cannot be equal.
In view of the general sense of Khabith and Tayyib at this place, it is inclusive of wealth and property which is Halal or حَرَام haram, and human beings who are good or bad, and deeds and morals which are virtuous or vicious, all of the three. The sense of the verse is clear from the truth that good and bad are not equal. According to this natural law, Halal and حَرَام haram and pure and impure things are not equal in the sight of Allah Ta` ala, similar to which, also not equal are good and bad deeds and morals, similarly again, also not equal are virtuous and vicious human beings.
Following immediately in this verse (100), it was said: وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ (even though you are attracted by the profusion of the bad). It means that, though onlookers are sometimes awed by the abundance of things evil and impure, they would even go on to take these very things to be good just because they have spread out all over and be-cause they seem to be winning the day, but, this is only a disease of human knowledge and consciousness, and certainly a shortcoming of the inherent feeling for the right.
The Background of the Revelation of the Verse
Reporting the background of the revelation of this verse, some narrations say that when liquor, and its buying and selling too, was prohibited in Islam, a dealer in liquor who had some cash savings from that business asked the Holy Prophet ﷺ Ya Rasul Allah, I have with me this saving from my liquor business, if I were to spend this in some good and pious cause, would that be beneficial for me?
The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: If you will spend it in Jihad or Hajj or something similar, it would not even be worth the weight of the tiny feather of a mosquito, for Allah Ta` ala does not accept anything other than what is pure and Halal (lawful).
This devaluation and depreciation of wealth is in terms of the Hereafter. If we look a little deeper and keep the ultimate end of things in sight, we shall discover that Halal and حَرَام haram wealth or property are not equal even in the businesses of this mortal world. The kind of benefits, favourable consequences, real comfort and bliss which come through Halal, never do and never can come from حَرَام haram.
Citing Ibn Abi Hatim, Tafsir Al-Durr Al-Manthur reports that when Sayyidna ` Umar ibn ` Abd Al-Aziz, the rightly-guided Khalifah of the age of the Tabi` in, stopped impermissible taxes imposed by the oligarchy before him, returned monies and properties taken illegally to the rightful owners, the government treasury became empty and the graph of usual income came very low. Then, the governor of a province wrote a letter to him in which he complained about the low income of the public treasury and asked him as to how would the affairs of the government run under such circumstances. Sayyidna ` Umar ibn ` Abd al-` Aziz رحمۃ اللہ علیہ answered him by quoting this very verse: لَّا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ ; (The bad and the good are not equal, even though you are attracted by the profusion of the bad). He also wrote: People before you had used injustice and oppression to fill the treasury, now you match it by establishing equity and justice and let the holding of your treasury stand reduced. And do not care. The expenditures of our government shall be met within this reduced income.
Though the cause of the revelation of this verse is a particular event, the basic message of the verse is that numbers being low or high do not mean much. Matters cannot be measured by majority and minority and a human hand-count of fifty one against forty nine cannot go on to become the touchstone of that which is right and true.
In fact, if we were to even casually look into the state of affairs prevailing around every section of society in the world, then, we shall see less of good and more of evil. Compare belief with disbelief; godliness, purity, honesty and trust with sinfulness and debauchery; justice and equity with injustice and oppression; knowledge with ignorance; reason with unreason - one is bound to find more of the later in all these comparisons. This leads us to become certain that the numerical abundance of something, group or party cannot be an absolute proof of its being good or true. Instead of that, the good in that thing or group or party depends on relevant particulars and states. If they are good, they are good, and if they are bad, they are bad. This is the reality the Holy Qur'an has stated clearly by saying: وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ (even though you are attracted by the profusion of the bad).
Of course, Islam too has declared numerical majority to be decisive on some occasions, and that too where there be no ruling authority competent enough to decide by the power of argument and the assessment of intrinsic qualities. On occasions like this, in order to resolve the disputes among masses of people, majority vote is resorted to. Take the example of the problem of appointing an Imam or leader in a situation when there is no Imam or Amir or leader present to give a decision. Therefore, on some occasions, majority opinion has been preferred to ward off possible dispute and resolve matters peacefully. It never means that what has been adopted by a majority of people should become Halal and permissible and true.
At the end of the verse it was said: فَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ (So, fear Allah, O men of understanding). By addressing the men of understanding this verse indicates that it is not the attitude of the men of wisdom to be attracted to something because of its numerical or quantitative abundance, or to take the majority as the touchstone of what is true and correct. Intelligent people would not do something like that. Therefore, it is to caution all people of understanding against these at-titudes that they have been commanded with: فَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ (fear Allah).
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Sarh who brought Shurayh's property: (The evil) the unlawful: Shurayh's property, (and the good) the lawful property which Shurayh brought (are not alike even though the plenty of the evil) that which is unlawful (attract thee. So be mindful of your duty to Allah) fear Allah regarding taking that which is unlawful, (O men of understanding) O people possessed of mind and reason, (that ye may succeed) that you may be saved from Allah's wrath and torment.
قُلْ
(Say,) O Muhammad ,
لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ
(Not equal are the bad things and the good things, even though they may please you) O human,
كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ
(the abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, the little permissible is better than the abundant evil.
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الأَلْبَـبِ
(have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon the impermissible, and let the permissible be sufficient for you,
لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
(in order that you may be successful.) in this life and the Hereafter. " So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding in order that you may be successful.) (101. O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble. But if you ask about them while the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you. Allah has forgiven that, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) (102. Before you, a community asked such questions, then on that account they became disbelievers.) Allah says to His Messenger ,
قُلْ
(Say,) O Muhammad ,
لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ
(Not equal are the bad things and the good things, even though they may please you) O human,
كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ
(the abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, the little permissible is better than the abundant evil.
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الأَلْبَـبِ
(have Taqwa of Allah, O men of understanding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon the impermissible, and let the permissible be sufficient for you,
لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
(in order that you may be successful.) in this life and the Hereafter.
Unnecessary Questioning is Disapproved of
Allah said next,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.) This Ayah refers to good conduct that Allah is teaching His believing servants, by forbidding them from asking about useless things. Since if they get the answers they sought, they might be troublesome for them and difficult on their ears. Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah gave a speech unlike anything I heard before. In this speech, he said,
«لَو تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ، لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلًا، وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا»
(If you but know what I know, you will laugh little and cry a lot.) The companions of Allah's Messenger ﷺ covered their faces and the sound of crying was coming out of their chests. A man asked, `Who is my father' The Prophet said, `So-and-so'. This Ayah was later revealed,
لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ
(Ask not about things...)." Muslim, Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded this Hadith. Ibn Jarir recorded that Qatadah said about Allah's statement,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.) Anas bin Malik narrated that once, the people were questioning the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until they made him angry. So he ascended the Minbar and said,
«لَا تَسْأَلُونِي الْيَوْمَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا بَيَّنْتُهُ لَكُم»
(You will not ask me about anything today but I will explain it to you.) So the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ feared that it was the commencement of a momentous event, and I looked to my right and left and found only people who covered their faces, crying. An argumentative man who was said to be the son of someone other than his true father asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Who is my father The Prophet said, `Your father is Hudhafah." `Umar stood up (when he saw anger on the Prophet's face) and said, "We accept Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion and Muhammad as our Messenger, I seek refuge with Allah from the evil of the Fitan (trials in life and religion)." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«لَمْ أَرَ فِي الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ كَالْيَومِ قَطُّ، صُوِّرَتْ لِي الجَنَّةُ وَالنَّارُ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُهُمَا دُونَ الْحَائِط»
(I have never witnessed both goodness and evil like I have today. Paradise and the Fire were shown to me and I saw them before that wall.) This Hadith was recorded in the Two Sahihs from Sa`id. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Some people used to question the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to mock him. One of them would ask, `Who is my father,' while another would ask, `Where is my camel,' when he lost his camel. Allah sent down this Ayah about them,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble...)." Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ali said, "When this Ayah was revealed,
وَللَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَـعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً
(And Hajj to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can bear the journey.)3:97, they asked, `O Allah's Messenger! Is it required every year' He did not answer them, and they asked again, `Is it every year' He still did not answer them, so they asked, `Is it every year' He said,
«لَا، وَلَوْ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ لَوَجَبَتْ وَلَوْ وَجَبَتْ لَمَا اسْتَطَعْتُم»
(No, and had I said `yes', it would have become obligated, and had it become obligated, you would not be able to bear it.) Allah sent down,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.)." At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith. The apparent wording of this Ayah indicates that we are forbidden to ask about things that if one has knowledge of, he would be sorry he had asked. Consequently, it is better to avoid such questions. rAllah's statement,
وَإِن تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْهَا حِينَ يُنَزَّلُ الْقُرْءَانُ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ
(But if you ask about them while the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you.) means, if you ask about things that you are prohibited from asking about, then when the revelation about them comes to the Messenger , they will be made plain for you,
وَذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
(Verily! That is easy for Allah.) Allah said next,
عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْهَا
(Allah has forgiven that,) what you did before this,
وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ
(and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) Do not ask about things that do not have a ruling yet, for because of your questions, a difficult ruling may be ordained. A Hadith states,
«أَعْظَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ جُرْمًا مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ لَمْ يُحَرَّمْ، فَحُرِّمَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَسْأَلَتِه»
(The worst criminal among the Muslims is he who asks if a matter is unlawful (or not), and it becomes unlawful because of his asking about it.) It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَثْرَةُ سُؤَالِهِمْ وَاخْتِلَافُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِم»
(Leave me as I have left you, those before you were destroyed because of many questions and disputing with their Prophets.) An authentic Hadith also states,
«أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى فَرَضَ فَرَائِضَ فَلَا تُضَيِّعُوهَا، وَحَدَّ حُدُودًا فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا، وَحَرَّمَ أَشْيَاءَ فَلَا تَنْتَهِكُوهَا، وَسَكَتَ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ رَحْمَةً بِكُمْ غَيْرَ نِسْيَانٍ فَلَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْهَا»
(Allah, the Most Honored, has ordained some obligations, so do not ignore them; has set some limits, so do not trespass them; has prohibited some things, so do not commit them; and has left some things without rulings, out of mercy for you, not that He forgot them, so do not ask about them.) Allah said next,
قَدْ سَأَلَهَا قَوْمٌ مِّن قَبْلِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحُواْ بِهَا كَـفِرِينَ
(Before you, a community asked such questions, then on that account they became disbelievers.) meaning, some people before your time asked such questions and they were given answers. They did not believe the answers, so they became disbelievers because of that. This occurred because these rulings were made plain to them, yet they did not benefit at all from that, for they asked about these things not to gain guidance, but only to mock and defy.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: “The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.” In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly. ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, “This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.” It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, “No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.” It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of “What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,” which was already mentioned.
Say: �The vile and the goodly are not equal, even if the manyness of the vile stirs you to admiration.�In the tongue of the Shariah, the vile is the forbidden, and the goodly is the permitted. In the tongue of the Haqiqah, every occupation that is empty of the mention and remembrance of the Real is vile; and every occupation at the beginning of which comes the Real's name, in the middle of which is the witnessing of the Real, and at the end of which is praise and gratitude is goodly.ʿāÌisha the sincerely truthful commanded that a shirt be sewn. The person who was sew- ing seems to have been heedless of remembering the Real. His heedlessness became known to ʿāÌisha. She commanded him to undo the sewing. She said, �This is vile, and the vile is not ap- propriate for me.�It has been said that every wealth from which God's rightful due is taken and the alms tax given is goodly, and everything from which it is not taken is vile and on the edge of destruction. MuṣṬafā said, �No property is wasted in the land and the sea except by holding back its alms tax.�It has also been said that the vile is what you accumulate and store up in this world, holding it back from the hand of expenditure and good. The goodly is what you send forth for yourselves, spend in the good, and store up for the next world. This is the meaning of �What we sent forward was our gain, and what we left behind was our loss,� which was already mentioned.
القول في تأويل قوله : قُلْ لا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِقال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، قل يا محمد: لا يعتدل الرديء والجيد, والصالح والطالح, والمطيع والعاصي (112) = ولو أعجبك كثرة الخبيث "، يقول: لا يعتدل العاصي والمطيع لله عند الله، ولو كثر أهل المعاصى فعجبت من كثرتهم, لأن أهل طاعة الله هم المفلحون الفائزون بثواب الله يوم القيامة وإن قلُّوا، دون أهل معصيته= وإن أهل معاصيه هم الأخسرون الخائبون وإن كثروا.يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم: فلا تعجبنَّ من كثرة من يعصى الله فيُمْهِله ولا يعاجله بالعقوبة، فإن العقبَى الصالحة لأهل طاعة الله عنده دونهم، كما:-12793 - حدثني محمد بن الحسين قال ، حدثنا أحمد بن مفضل قال ، حدثنا أسباط, عن السدي،" لا يستوي الخبيث والطيب ولو أعجبك كثرة " الخبيث "، قال: الخبيث، هم المشركون= و " الطيب "، هم المؤمنون.* * *وهذا الكلام وإن كان مخرجه مخرجَ الخطاب لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فالمراد به بعض أتباعه, يدل على ذلك قوله: " فاتقوا الله يا أولي الألباب لعلكم تفلحون "* * *القول في تأويل قوله : فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَا أُولِي الأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (100)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: واتقوا الله بطاعته فيما أمركم ونهاكم, واحذروا أن يستحوذ عليكم الشيطان بإعجابكم كثرة الخبيث, فتصيروا منهم=" يا أولي الألباب "، يعني بذلك أهلَ العقول والحِجَى, الذين عقلوا عن الله آياته, وعرفوا مواقع حججه. (113) =" لعلكم تفلحون " ، يقول: اتقوا الله لتفلحوا، أي: كي تنجحوا في طلبكم ما عنده. (114)----------------الهوامش :(112) انظر تفسير: "استوى" فيما سلف 9: 85= وتفسير"الخبيث" فيما سلف 5: 558 ، 559/7: 424 ، 527= وتفسير"الطيب" فيما سلف 10: 513 تعليق: 3 ، والمراجع هناك.(113) انظر تفسير"أولي الألباب" فيما سلف 3 : 383/ 4 : 162 /5 : 580 /6 : 211 وفي التعليق على المواضع السالفة خطأ ، يصحح من هنا.(114) انظر تفسير"الفلاح" فيما سلف 10: 564 تعليق: 1 ، والمراجع هناك.
It has been recorded in the traditions that when the order regarding Hajj was received, the Prophet Muhammad said in a sermon ‘O, people! Hajj has been made compulsory for you.’ On hearing this, a person from the Banu Asad tribe got up and asked: ‘O, Prophet of God! Is it for every year?’ The Prophet Muhammad was very angry and said, ‘By the Lord in whose hands my life is! Had I said “‘Yes”, it would have become compulsory for every year, and having become compulsory for every year, you would not have been able to perform it every year and thus committed denial of truth.’ So, leave out whatever I leave out. When I order anything to be done, do it, and when I prohibit you from doing anything, don’t do it.’ (Tafsir ibn Kathir).
In the fourth verse (100), it was said: قُل لَّا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ (Say, "The bad and the good are not equal ... ). In Arabic, the words "Tayyib" and "Khabith" are antonyms. Tayyib refers to what is the best and purest in everything and Khabith to what is the most condemned and evil. In this verse, as held by the majority of commentators, Khabith means حَرَام haram or impure, while Tayyib means Halal and pure. Thus, the verse would come to mean that with Allah Ta` ala, rather with every-one having sound reason and good taste, pure and impure or Halal and haram cannot be equal.
In view of the general sense of Khabith and Tayyib at this place, it is inclusive of wealth and property which is Halal or حَرَام haram, and human beings who are good or bad, and deeds and morals which are virtuous or vicious, all of the three. The sense of the verse is clear from the truth that good and bad are not equal. According to this natural law, Halal and حَرَام haram and pure and impure things are not equal in the sight of Allah Ta` ala, similar to which, also not equal are good and bad deeds and morals, similarly again, also not equal are virtuous and vicious human beings.
Following immediately in this verse (100), it was said: وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ (even though you are attracted by the profusion of the bad). It means that, though onlookers are sometimes awed by the abundance of things evil and impure, they would even go on to take these very things to be good just because they have spread out all over and be-cause they seem to be winning the day, but, this is only a disease of human knowledge and consciousness, and certainly a shortcoming of the inherent feeling for the right.
The Background of the Revelation of the Verse
Reporting the background of the revelation of this verse, some narrations say that when liquor, and its buying and selling too, was prohibited in Islam, a dealer in liquor who had some cash savings from that business asked the Holy Prophet ﷺ Ya Rasul Allah, I have with me this saving from my liquor business, if I were to spend this in some good and pious cause, would that be beneficial for me?
The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: If you will spend it in Jihad or Hajj or something similar, it would not even be worth the weight of the tiny feather of a mosquito, for Allah Ta` ala does not accept anything other than what is pure and Halal (lawful).
This devaluation and depreciation of wealth is in terms of the Hereafter. If we look a little deeper and keep the ultimate end of things in sight, we shall discover that Halal and حَرَام haram wealth or property are not equal even in the businesses of this mortal world. The kind of benefits, favourable consequences, real comfort and bliss which come through Halal, never do and never can come from حَرَام haram.
Citing Ibn Abi Hatim, Tafsir Al-Durr Al-Manthur reports that when Sayyidna ` Umar ibn ` Abd Al-Aziz, the rightly-guided Khalifah of the age of the Tabi` in, stopped impermissible taxes imposed by the oligarchy before him, returned monies and properties taken illegally to the rightful owners, the government treasury became empty and the graph of usual income came very low. Then, the governor of a province wrote a letter to him in which he complained about the low income of the public treasury and asked him as to how would the affairs of the government run under such circumstances. Sayyidna ` Umar ibn ` Abd al-` Aziz رحمۃ اللہ علیہ answered him by quoting this very verse: لَّا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ ; (The bad and the good are not equal, even though you are attracted by the profusion of the bad). He also wrote: People before you had used injustice and oppression to fill the treasury, now you match it by establishing equity and justice and let the holding of your treasury stand reduced. And do not care. The expenditures of our government shall be met within this reduced income.
Though the cause of the revelation of this verse is a particular event, the basic message of the verse is that numbers being low or high do not mean much. Matters cannot be measured by majority and minority and a human hand-count of fifty one against forty nine cannot go on to become the touchstone of that which is right and true.
In fact, if we were to even casually look into the state of affairs prevailing around every section of society in the world, then, we shall see less of good and more of evil. Compare belief with disbelief; godliness, purity, honesty and trust with sinfulness and debauchery; justice and equity with injustice and oppression; knowledge with ignorance; reason with unreason - one is bound to find more of the later in all these comparisons. This leads us to become certain that the numerical abundance of something, group or party cannot be an absolute proof of its being good or true. Instead of that, the good in that thing or group or party depends on relevant particulars and states. If they are good, they are good, and if they are bad, they are bad. This is the reality the Holy Qur'an has stated clearly by saying: وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ (even though you are attracted by the profusion of the bad).
Of course, Islam too has declared numerical majority to be decisive on some occasions, and that too where there be no ruling authority competent enough to decide by the power of argument and the assessment of intrinsic qualities. On occasions like this, in order to resolve the disputes among masses of people, majority vote is resorted to. Take the example of the problem of appointing an Imam or leader in a situation when there is no Imam or Amir or leader present to give a decision. Therefore, on some occasions, majority opinion has been preferred to ward off possible dispute and resolve matters peacefully. It never means that what has been adopted by a majority of people should become Halal and permissible and true.
At the end of the verse it was said: فَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ (So, fear Allah, O men of understanding). By addressing the men of understanding this verse indicates that it is not the attitude of the men of wisdom to be attracted to something because of its numerical or quantitative abundance, or to take the majority as the touchstone of what is true and correct. Intelligent people would not do something like that. Therefore, it is to caution all people of understanding against these at-titudes that they have been commanded with: فَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ (fear Allah).