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مَّا عَلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ إِلَّا ٱلۡبَلَـٰغُۗ وَٱللَّهُ یَعۡلَمُ مَا تُبۡدُونَ وَمَا تَكۡتُمُونَ ۝٩٩
mā ʿalā l-rasūli illā l-balāghu wal-lahu yaʿlamu mā tub'dūna wamā taktumūn
The Table, The Table Spread / al-Ma`idah (5:99)

Abdel Haleem

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The Messenger’s duty is only to deliver the message: God knows what you reveal and what you conceal
mā ʿalā l-rasūli illā l-balāghu wal-lahu yaʿlamu mā tub'dūna wamā taktumūn

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Tafsir Commentary

Water Game is Allowed for the Muhrim Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, Sa`id bin Jubayr and others commented on Allah's statement; أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ (Lawful to you is (the pursuit of) water game...) that it means, what one eats fresh from it, while, وَطَعَامُهُ (And its use for food) what is eaten dry and salted. Ibn `Abbas said that `water game' refers to what is taken from water while still alive, while, وَطَعَامُهُ (and its use for food) refers to what the water throws ashore dead. Similar statements were reported from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Zayd bin Thabit, `Abdullah bin `Amr, Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari, `Ikrimah, Abu Salamah bin `Abdur-Rahman, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Allah's statement, مَتَـعاً لَّكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ (for the benefit of yourselves and those who travel,) as food and provision for you, وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ (and those who travel, ) those who are in the sea and traveling along the sea, according to `Ikrimah. Other scholars said that water game is allowed for those who fish it from the sea, as well as, when it is salted and used as food for travelers inland. A similar statement was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and As-Suddi and others. Imam Malik bin Anas recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger sent an army towards the east coast and appointed Abu `Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah as their commander, and the army consisted of three hundred men, including myself. We marched on until we reached a place where our food was about to finish. Abu `Ubaydah ordered us to collect all the food for our journey, and it was collected in two bags of dates. Abu `Ubaydah kept on giving us our daily ration in small amounts from it, until it was exhausted. The share of each of us used to be one date only." I (one of the narrators from Jabir) said, "How could one date suffice for you" Jabir replied, "We came to know its value when even that finished." Jabir added, "When we reached the seashore, we saw a huge fish which was like a small mountain. The army ate from it for eighteen days. Then Abu `Ubaydah ordered that two of its ribs be affixed in the ground. Then he ordered that a she-camel be ridden, and it passed under the two ribs (forming an arch) without touching them." This Hadith was also collected in the Two Sahihs. eMalik recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "A man asked Allah's Messenger ﷺ, `O Allah's Messenger! We go to sea and carry little water with us. If we use it for Wudu', we get thirsty, so should we use seawater for Wudu" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُه» (Its water is pure and its dead are lawful)." The two Imams, Ash-Shafi`i and Ahmad bin Hanbal, recorded this Hadith, along with the Four Sunan compilers. Al-Bukhari, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih. This Hadith was also recorded from the Prophet by several other Companions. Hunting Land Game is Prohibited During Ihram Allah said, وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُماً (but forbidden is land game as long as you are in a state of Ihram.) Therefore, hunting land game during Ihram is not allowed, and if someone who is in the state of Ihram hunts, he will have to pay expiation, along with the sin he earns if he does it intentionally. If he hunts by mistake, he will have to pay the expiation and is not allowed to eat from it, because this type of game is just like dead animals, be he a Muhrim or a non-Muhrim. If someone who is not in the state of Ihram hunts and gives the food to a Muhrim, the Muhrim is not allowed to eat from its meat if it was killed for him in particular. As-Sa`b bin Jaththamah said that he gave a zebra as a gift to the Prophet in the area of Waddan or Abwa', the Prophet gave it back. When the Prophet saw the effect of his returning the gift on As-Sa`b's face, he said, «إِنَّا لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنَّا حُرُم» (We only gave it back to you because we are in a state of Ihram.) This Hadith was collected in the Two Sahihs. The Prophet thought that As-Sa`b hunted the zebra for him, and this is why he refused to take it. Otherwise, the Muhrim is allowed to eat from the game if one who is not in Ihram hunts it. For when Abu Qatadah hunted a zebra when he was not a Muhrim and offered it to those who were in the state of Ihram, they hesitated to eat from it. They asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said, «هَلْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهَا أَوْ أَعَانَ فِي قَتْلِهَا» (Did any of you point at it or help kill it) They said, "No." He said, «فَكُلُوا» (Then eat,) and he also ate from it. This Hadith is also in the Two Sahihs with various wordings. Ibn Kathir only mentioned Ayat 96 to 99 here and explained the better part of Ayah number 96, but he did not mention the explanation of the rest of that Ayah or the other Ayat (97 to 99). This is the case in all of the copies of his Tafsir in existence, and he might have forgotten to do that, for it is less likely that all who copied this book forgot to copy only this part. So we used a summary of the Tafsir of these Ayat from the Imam of Tafsir, Ibn Jarir At-Tabari. We tried to summarize At-Tabari's eloquent words to the best of our ability, by Allah's help and leave. وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَV (And have Taqwa of Allah to Whom you shall be gathered back. ) Allah says, fear Allah, O people, and beware of His might, by obeying what He commands you and avoiding what He prohibits for you in these Ayat revealed to your Prophet . These Ayat forbid Khamr, gambling, Al-Ansab and Al-Azlam, along with hunting land game and killing it while in the state of Ihram. To Allah will be your return and destination, and He will punish you for disobeying Him and will reward you for obeying Him. جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْكَعْبَةَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ قِيَاماً لّلنَّاسِ (Allah has made the Ka`bah, the Sacred House, an asylum of security and benefits for mankind,) Allah says, Allah made the Ka`bah, the Sacred House, an asylum of safety for the people who have no chief to prevent the strong from transgressing against the weak, the evil from the good-doers, and the oppressors from the oppressed. وَالشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَالْهَدْىَ وَالْقَلَـئِدَ (And also the Sacred Month and the animals of offerings and the garlanded.) Allah says that He made these symbols an asylum of safety for the people, just as He made the Ka`bah an asylum of safety for them, so that He distinguishes them from each other, for this is their asylum and symbol for their livelihood and religion. Allah made the Ka`bah, the Sacred Month, the Hady, the garlanded animals and people an asylum of safety for the Arabs who used to consider these symbols sacred. Thus, these symbols were just like the chief who is obeyed by his followers, and who upholds harmony and public safety. As for the Ka`bah, it includes the entire sacred boundary. Allah termed it "Haram" because He prohibited hunting its game and cutting its trees or grass. Similarly, the Ka`bah, the Sacred Month, the animals of offerings and the garlands were the landmarks of existing Arabs. These symbols were sacred during the time of Jahiliyyah and the people's affairs were guided and protected by them. With Islam they became the symbols of their Hajj, their rituals, and the direction of the prayer. i.e., the Ka`bah in Makkah. ذلِكَ لِتَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (that you may know that Allah has knowledge of all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth, and that Allah is the All-Knower of each and everything.) Allah says; O people, I made these symbols an asylum for you, so that you know that He Who made these symbols that benefit your life and provide you with security, also knows everything in the heavens and earth that brings about your immediate or eventual benefit. Know that He has perfect knowledge of everything and that none of your deeds or affairs ever escapes His observation; and He will count them for you so that He rewards those who do good with the same and those who do evil in kind. اعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (Know that Allah is severe in punishment and that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Allah says, know that your Lord, Who has perfect knowledge of whatever is in the heavens and earth, and Who is never unaware of your deeds - public or secret - is severe in punishment for those who disobey and defy Him. He also pardons the sins of those who obey and repent to Him, more Merciful than to punish them for the sins that they repented from. مَّا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلاَّ الْبَلَـغُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ (The Messenger's duty is but to convey. And Allah knows all that you reveal and all that you conceal.) This is a warning from Allah for His servants in which He says: Our Messenger ﷺ, whom We sent to you, has only to convey Our Message and then the reward for the obedience, and punishment for the disobedience is on Us. The obedience of those who accept Our Message never escapes Our knowledge, just as in the case of those who disobey and defy Our Message. We know what one of you does, demonstrates physically, announces, and utters with his tongue, and what you hide in your hearts, be it of faith, disbelief, certainty, doubt or hypocrisy. He Who is so capable, then nothing that the hearts conceal, nor any of the apparent acts of the souls in the heavens and earth could escape His knowledge. In His Hand, alone, is the reward and punishment, and He is worthy to be feared, obeyed and never disobeyed.
The duty of the Messenger is only to convey the Message to you; and God knows what you reveal what deeds you manifest and what you hide and what of these you conceal and He will requite you for it.
The duty of the Messenger is only, to convey [the Message], not to effect conjunction, and God knows, your secrets and your outward acts, what you reveal, of deeds and character traits, and what you hide, of intentions, knowledge, and states, and whether these are good for you to seek nearness to Him therewith, and whether you are preparing therewith for the encounter with Him or not.
The duty of the Messenger is only, to convey [the Message], not to effect conjunction, and God knows, your secrets and your outward acts, what you reveal, of deeds and character traits, and what you hide, of intentions, knowledge, and states, and whether these are good for you to seek nearness to Him therewith, and whether you are preparing therewith for the encounter with Him or not.
يبيِّن الله تعالى أن مهمة رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم هداية الدلالة والتبليغ، وبيد الله -وحده- هداية التوفيق، وأن ما تنطوي عليه نفوس الناس مما يُسرون أو يعلنون من الهداية أو الضلال يعلمه الله.
قال تعالى "قد سألها قوم من قبلكم ثم أصبحوا بها كافرين" أي قد سأل هذه المسائل المنهي عنها قوم من قبلكم فأجيبوا عنها ثم لم يؤمنوا بها فأصبحوا بها كافرين أي بسببها أن بينت لهم فلم ينتفعوا بها لأنهم لم يسألوا على وجه الاسترشاد بل علي وجه الاستهزاء والعناد وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس في الآية أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أذن في الناس فقال "يا قوم كتب عليكم الحج" فقام رجل من بني أسد فقال: يا رسول الله أفي كل عام فأغضب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غضبا شديدا فقال "والذي نفسي بيده لو قلت نعم لوجبت ولو وجبت ما استطعتم وإذا لكفرتم فاتركوني ما تركتكم وإذا أمرتكم بشيء فافعلوا وإذا نهيتكم عن شيء فانتهوا عنه" فأنزل الله هذه الآية نهاهم أن يسألوا عن مثل الذي سألت عنه النصارى من المائدة" فأصبحوا بها كافرين" فنهى الله عن ذلك وقال لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن نزل القرآن فيها بتغليظ ساءكم ذلك ولكن انتظروا فإذا نزل القرآن فإنكم لا تسألون عن شيء إلا وجدتم بيانه رواه ابن جرير وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس" يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن تبد لكم تسؤكم وإن تسألوا عنها حين ينزل القرآن تبد لكم" قال: لما نزلت آية الحج نادى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الناس فقال "يا أيها الناس إن الله قد كتب عليكم الحج فحجوا" فقالوا يا رسول الله أعاما واحدا أم كل عام ؟ فقال "لا بل عاما واحدا ولو قلت كل عام لوجبت ولو وجبت لكفرتم" ثم قال الله تعالى" يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تسألوا عن أشياء" إلى قوله ثم" أصبحوا بها كافرين" رواه ابن جرير وقال خطيف عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس" لا تسألوا عن أشياء" قال هي البحيرة والوصيلة والسائبة والحام ألا ترى أنه قال بعدها "ما جعل الله من بحيرة" ولا كذا ولا كذا قال وأما عكرمة فقال: إنهم كانوا يسألونه عن الآيات فنهوا عن ذلك ثم قال" قد سألها قوم من قبلكم ثم أصبحوا بها كافرين" رواه ابن جرير يعني عكرمة رحمه الله أن المراد بهذا النهي عن سؤال وقوع الآيات كما سألت قريش أن يجري لهم أنهارا وأن يجعل لهم الصفا ذهبا وغير ذلك وكما سألت اليهود أن ينزل عليهم كتابا من السماء وقد قال الله تعالى وما منعنا أن" نرسل بالآيات إلا أن كذب بها الأولون وآتينا ثمود الناقة مبصرة فظلموا بها وما نرسل بالآيات إلا تخويفا" وقال تعالى" وأقسموا بالله جهد أيمانهم لئن جاءتهم آية ليؤمنن بها قل إنما الآيات عند الله وما يشعركم أنها إذا جاءت لا يؤمنون ونقلب افئدتهم وأبصارهم كما لم يؤمنوا به أول مرة ونذرهم في طغيانهم يعمهون ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله لكن أكثرهم يجهلون.
وبعد هذا الترغيب والترهيب بين - سبحانه - وظيفة رسوله صلى الله عليه ولم فقال : ( عَلَى الرسول إِلاَّ البلاغ والله يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ ) .وأصل البلاغ - كما يقول القرطبي - وهو الوصول . يقال : بلغ يبلغ بلوغا وأبلغه إبلاغا . وبلغه تبليغا ، ومنه البلاغة . لأنها إيصال المعنى إلى النفس في أحسن صورة من اللفظ .أي : ليس على رسولنا - أيها الناس - إلا تبليغ ما أمرناه بتبليغه إليكم وتوصيل ما كلفناه بتوصيله لكم ، وهو لم يقصر في ذلك ، ولم يأل جهدا في نصحكم وإرشادكم فأطيعوه لتسعدوا واعلموا أن الله - تعالى - يعلم ما تظهرون وما تخفون من خير أو شر ، وسيجازيكم بما تستحقون يوم القيامة .فالآية الكريمة تأكيد لما اشتملت عليه سابقتها من ترغيب وترهيب ، ومن تبشير وإنذار ، وتصريح بأن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم عليه تبليغ ما كلفه الله بتبليغه إلى الناس ، وليس عليه بعد ذلك هدايتهم أو ضلالهم ، وإنما الله وحده هو الذي بيده ذلك ، وهو الذي بيده حسابهم ومجازاتهم على أعمالهم .
القول في تأويل قوله : مَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلا الْبَلاغُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ (99)قال أبو جعفر: وهذا من الله تعالى ذكره تهديد لعباده ووعيد. يقول تعالى ذكره: ليس على رسولنا الذي أرسلناه إليكم، أيها الناس، بإنذاركم عقابَنا بين يدي عذاب شديد، وإعذارنا إليكم بما فيه قطع حججكم= إلا أن يؤدي إليكم رسالتنا, ثم إلينا الثواب على الطاعة، (109) وعلينا العقاب على المعصية =" والله يعلم ما تبدون وما تكتمون "، يقول: وغير خفي علينا المطيعُ منكم، القابلُ رسالتنا، العاملُ بما أمرته بالعمل به= من المعاصي الآبي رسالتنا، التارك العمل بما أمرته بالعمل به، (110) لأنا نعلم ما عمله العامل منكم فأظهره بجوارحه ونطق به بلسانه=" وما تكتمون "، يعني: ما تخفونه في أنفسكم من إيمان وكفر، أو يقين وشك ونفاق. (111)يقول تعالى ذكره: فمن كان كذلك، لا يخفى عليه شيء من ضمائر الصدور، وظواهر أعمال النفوس, مما في السموات وما في الأرض، وبيده الثواب والعقاب= فحقيق أن يُتَّقى، وأن يُطاع فلا يعصى.--------------------الهوامش :(109) انظر تفسير"البلاغ" فيما سلف 10: 575.(110) في المطبوعة: "من المعاصي التارك العمل" أسقط ما كان في المخطوطة ، وكان فيها: "من المعاصي التي ، رسالتنا" هكذا كتبت وبين الكلام بياض ورسم" ، " بالحمرة. فآثرت قراءتها كما أثبتها.(111) انظر تفسير"تبدون" و"تكتمون" في فهارس اللغة"بدا" و"كتم".
( ما على الرسول إلا البلاغ ) [ التبليغ ] ( والله يعلم ما تبدون وما تكتمون )
وجملة { ما على الرسول إلاّ البلاغ } معترضة ذيل بها التعريض بالوعيد والوعد . ومضمونها إعذار الناس لأن الرسول قد بلّغ إليهم ما أراد الله منهم فلا عذر لهم في التقصير ، والمنّة لله ولرسوله فيما أرشدهم إليه من خير .والقصر ليس بحقيقي لأنّ على الرسول أموراً أخر غير البلاغ مثل التعبّد لله تعالى ، والخروج إلى الجهاد ، والتكاليف التي كلّفه الله بها مثل قيام الليل ، فتعيّن أنّ معنى القصر : ما عليه إلاّالبلاغ ، أي دون إلجائكم إلى الإيمان ، فالقصر إضافي فلا ينافي أنّ على الرسول أشياء كثيرة . والإتيان بحرف ( على ) دون ( اللام ) ونحوها مؤذن بأنّ المردود شيء يتوهّم أنّه لازم للرسول من حيث إنّه يدّعي الرسالة عن الله تعالى .وقوله : { والله يعلم ما تبدون وما تكتمون } عطف على جملة { اعلموا أنّ الله شديد العقاب } . وهي تتميم للتعريض بالوعيد والوعد تذكيراً بأنّه لا يخفى عليه شيء من أعمالهم ظاهرها وباطنها . وتقديم المسند إليه على الخبر الفعلي هنا لإفادة تقوّي الحكم وليس لإفادة التخصيص لنبُوّ المقام عن ذلك .وذكر { ما تبدون } مقصود منه التعميم والشمول مع { ما تكتمون } وإلاّ فالغرض هو تعليمهم أنّ الله يعلم ما يسرّونه أمّا ما يبدونه ، فلا يُظنّ أنّ الله لا يعلمه .
{ مَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ } وقد بلَّغ كما أُمِر، وقام بوظيفته، وما سـوى ذلك فليـس لـه مـن الأمـر شـيء. { وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ } فيجازيكم بما يعلمه تعالى منكم.
قوله تعالى : ما على الرسول إلا البلاغ والله يعلم ما تبدون وما تكتمونقوله تعالى : ما على الرسول إلا البلاغ أي : ليس له الهداية والتوفيق ولا الثواب ، وإنما عليه البلاغ وفي هذا رد على القدرية كما تقدم ، وأصل البلاغ البلوغ ، وهو الوصول . بلغ يبلغ بلوغا ، وأبلغه إبلاغا ، وتبلغ تبلغا ، وبالغه مبالغة ، وبلغه تبليغا ، ومنه البلاغة ، لأنها إيصال المعنى إلى النفس في حسن صورة من اللفظ وتبالغ الرجل إذا تعاطى البلاغة وليس ببليغ ، وفي هذا بلاغ أي : كفاية ; لأنه يبلغ مقدار الحاجة . والله يعلم ما تبدون أي : تظهرونه ، يقال : بدا السر وأبداه صاحبه يبديه . وما تكتمون أي : ما تسرونه وتخفونه في قلوبكم من الكفر والنفاق .
It has been recorded in the traditions that when the order regarding Hajj was received, the Prophet Muhammad said in a sermon ‘O, people! Hajj has been made compulsory for you.’ On hearing this, a person from the Banu Asad tribe got up and asked: ‘O, Prophet of God! Is it for every year?’ The Prophet Muhammad was very angry and said, ‘By the Lord in whose hands my life is! Had I said “‘Yes”, it would have become compulsory for every year, and having become compulsory for every year, you would not have been able to perform it every year and thus committed denial of truth.’ So, leave out whatever I leave out. When I order anything to be done, do it, and when I prohibit you from doing anything, don’t do it.’ (Tafsir ibn Kathir).
In the third verse (99), it was said: مَّا عَلَى الرَّ‌سُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ ۗ وَاللَّـهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ ﴿99﴾that is, the duty of Our Messenger is only to convey Our Ahkam (injunctions) to people created by Us. After that, whether they accept and believe, or reject and disbelieve, its profit and loss reaches only them. That they disbelieve brings no loss to Our Messenger. And let this be understood that Allah cannot be deceived for He knows every-thing done by anybody, openly or secretly.
(The duty of the messenger is only to convey (the message)) on behalf of Allah. (Allah knoweth what ye proclaim) what you display publicly of good and evil (and what ye hide) of good or evil; it is also said that this means: Allah knows what you display among yourselves and that which you conceal from one another in relation to taking the money of Shurayh.