Qāf God knows best what He means by this letter. By the glorious Qur’ān by the noble Qur’ān the disbelievers of Mecca have certainly not believed in Muhammad (s).
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, �God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.�When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and �Peace!� from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him.Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, �for one soul,� and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, �And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve� [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: �Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve� [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: �Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve� [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: �Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!� He swore by the limpidness of his love: �Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!� [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: �Nay, I swear by this land!� [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: �By the bright morning! And by the night when still!� [93:1-2].He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
(ق) سبق الكلام على الحروف المقطَّعة في أول سورة البقرة. أقسم الله تعالى بالقرآن الكريم ذي المجد والشرف.
سورة ق: هذء السورة هي أول الحزب المفصل على الصحيح وقيل من الحجرات وأما ما يقوله العوام إنه من"عم" فلا أصل له ولم يقله أحد من العلماء رضي الله عنهم المعتبرين فيما نعلم والدليل على أن هذه السورة هي أول المفصل ما رواه أبو داود في سننه باب تحزيب القرآن ثم قال حدثنا مسدد حدثنا قراب بن تمام وحدثنا عبدالله بن سعيد أبو سعد الأشج حدثنا أبو خالد ثنا سليمان بن حبان وهذا لفظه عن عبدالله بن عبدالرحمن بن يعلى عن عثمان بن عبدالله بن أوس عن جده قال عبدالله بن سعيد حدثنيه أوس بن حذيفة ثم اتفقا قال قدمنا على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في وفد ثقيف قال فنزلت الأحلاف على المغيرة بن شعبة رضي الله عنه وأنزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بني مالك فى قبة له قال مسدد وكان في الوفد الذين قدموا على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من ثقيف قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كل ليلة يأتينا بعد العشاء يحدثنا قال أبو سعيد قائما على رجله حتى يراوح بين رجليه من طول القيام فأكثر ما يحدثنا صلى الله عليه وسلم ما لقي من قومه قريش ثم يقول صلى الله عليه وسلم" لا أساء وكنا مستضعفين مستذلين- قال مسدد بمكة- فلما خرجنا إلى المدينة كانت الحرب سجالا بيننا وبينهم ندال عليهم ويدالون علينا" فلما كانت ليلة أبطأ عنا صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الوقت الذي كان يأتينا فيه فقلنا لقد أبطأت علينا الليلة قال صلى الله عليه وسلم" إنه طرأ علي حزبي من القرآن فكرهت أن أجيء حتى أتمه" قال أوس سألت أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كيف يحزبون القرآن فقالوا ثلاث وخمس وسبع وتسع وإحدى عشرة وثلاث عشرة وحزب المفصل وحده ورواه ابن ماجة عن أبي بكر بن أبي شيبة عن أبي خالد الأحمر به ورواه الإمام أحمد عن عبدالرحمن بن مهدي عن عبدالله بن عبدالرحمن هو ابن يعلى الطائفي به إذا علم هذا فإذا عددت ثمانيا وأربعين سورة فالتي بعدهن سورة ق بيانه ثلاث: البقرة وآل عمران والنساء وخمس: المائدة والأنعام والأعراف والأنفال وبراءة وسبع: يونس وهود ويوسف والرعد وإبراهيم والحجر والنحل وتسع: سبحان والكهف ومريم وطه والأنبياء والحج والمؤمنون والنور والفرقان وإحدى عشرة: الشعراء والنمل والقصص والعنكبوت والروم ولقمان وألم السجدة والأحزاب وسبأ وفاطر ويس وثلاث عشرة: الصافات وص والزمر وغافر وحم السجدة وحم عسق والزخرف والدخان والجاثية والأحقاف والقتال والفتح والحجرات ثم بعد ذلك الحزب المفصل كما قاله الصحابة رضي الله عنهم فتعين أن أوله سورة ق وهو الذي قلناه ولله الحمد والمنة قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبدالرحمن بن مهدي حدثنا مالك عن ضمرة بن سعيد عن عبدالله بن عبدالله أن عمر بن الخطاب سأل أبا واقد الليثي ما كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقرأ في العيد؟ قال بقاف واقتربت ورواه مسلم وأهل السنن الأربعة من حديث مالك به وفي رواية لمسلم عن مالك عن ضمرة عن عبدالله عن أبي واقد قال سألني عمر رضي الله عنه فذكره. " حديث آخر" وقال أحمد حدثنا يعقوب حدثنا أبي ثنا أبي إسحاق حدثني عبدالله بن محمد بن أبي بكر بن عمرو بن حزم عن يحيى بن عبدالله بن عبدالرحمن بن أسعد بن زرارة عن أم هشام بنت حارثة قالت لقد كان تنورنا وتنور النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم واحدا سنتين أو سنة وبعض سنة وما أخذت" ق والقرآن المجيد" إلا على لسان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقرؤها كل يوم جمعة على المنبر إذا خطب الناس رواه مسلم من حديث ابن إسحاق به وقال أبو داود حدثنا محمد بن بشار حدثنا محمد بن جعفر حدثنا شعبة عن حبيب بن عبدالله بن محمد بن معن عن ابنة الحارث بن النعمان قالت ما حفظت ق إلا من في رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب بها كل جمعة قالت وكان تنورك وتنور رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم واحدا وكذا رواه مسلم والنسائي وابن ماجة من حديث شعبة به والقصد أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقرأ بهذه السورة في المجامع الكبار كالعيد والجمع لاشتمالها على ابتداء الخلق والبعث والنشور والمعاد والقيام والحساب والجنة والنار والثواب والعقاب والترغيب والترهيب والله أعلم. "ق" حرف من حروف الهجاء المذكورة في أوائل السور كقوله تعالى "ص - ون - والم - وحم - وطس" ونحو ذلك قاله مجاهد وغيره وقد أسلفنا الكلام عليها في أول سورة البقرة بما أغنى عن إعادته وقد روي عن بعض السلف أنهم قالوا ق جبل محيط بجميع الأرض يقال له جبل قاف وكأن هذا والله أعلم من خرافات بني إسرائيل التي أخذها عنهم بعض الناس لما رأى من جواز الرواية عنهم مما لا يصدق ولا يكذب وعندي أن هذا وأمثاله وأشباهه من اختلاق بعض زنادقتهم يلبسون به على الناس أمر دينهم كما افتري في هذه الأمة مع جلالة قدر علمائها وحفاظها وأئمتها أحاديث عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وما بالعهد من قدم فكيف بأمة بني إسرائيل مع طول المدى وقلة الحفاظ النقاد فيهم وشربهم الخمور وتحريف علمائهم الكلم عن مواضعه وتبديل كتب الله وآياته وإنما أباح الشارع الرواية عنهم في قوله "وحدثوا عن بني إسرائيل ولا حرج" فيما قد يجوزه العقل فأما فيما تحيله العقول ويحكم فيه بالبطلان ويغلب على الظنون كذبه فليس من هذا القبيل والله أعلم وقد أكثر كثير من السلف من المفسرين وكذا طائفة كثيرة من الخلف من الحكاية عن كتب أهل الكتاب في تفسير القرآن المجيد وليس بهم احتياج إلى أخبارهم ولله الحمد والمنة حتى إن الإمام أبا محمد عبدالرحمن بن أبي حاتم الرازي رحمه الله عليه أورد ههنا أثرا غريبا لا يصح سنده عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما فقال حدثنا أبي قال حدثت عن محمد بن إسماعيل - المخزومي حدثنا ليث بن أبي سليم عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: خلق الله تبارك وتعالى من وراء هذه الأرض بحرا محيطا بها ثم خلق من وراء ذلك البحر جبلا يقال له قاف سماء الدنيا مرفوعة عليه ثم خلق الله تعالى من وراء ذلك الجبل أرضا مثل تلك الأرض سبع مرات ثم خلق من وراء ذلك بحرا محيطا بها ثم خلق من وراء ذلك جبلا يقال له قاف السماء الثانية مرفوعة عليه حتى عد سبع أرضين وسبعة أبحر وسبعة أجبل وسبع سموات قال وذلك قوله تعالى "والبحر يمده من بعده سبعة أبحر" فإسناد هذا الأثر فيه انقطاع والذي رواه علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما في قوله عز وجل "ق" هو اسم من أسماء الله عز وجل والذي ثبت عن مجاهد أنه حرف من حروف الهجاء كقوله تعالى "ص - ن - حم - طس - الم" ونحو ذلك فهذه تبعد ما تقدم عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما وقيل المرد قضي الأمر والله وأن قوله جل ثناؤه "ق" دلت على المحذوف من بقية الكلمة كقول الشاعر: قلت لها قفي فقالت ق وفي هذا التفسير نظر لأن الحذف في الكلام إنما يكون إذا دل دليل عليه ومن أين يفهم هذا من ذكر هذا الحرف؟ وقوله تعالى "والقرآن المجيد" أي الكريم العظيم الذي "لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه تنزيل من حكيم حميد" واختلفوا في جواب القسم ما هو؟ فحكى ابن جرير عن بعض النحاة أنه قوله تعالى "قد علمنا ما تنقص الأرض منهم وعندنا كتاب حفيظ" وفي هذا نظر بل الجواب هو مضمون الكلام بعد القسم وهو إثبات النبوة وإثبات المعاد وتقريره وتحقيقه وإن لم يكن القسم يتلقى لفظا وهذا كثير في أقسام القرآن كما تقدم في قوله " ص والقرآن ذي الذكر بل الذين كفروا فى عزة وشقاق".
سورة " ق " من السور القرآنية ، التى افتتحت ببعض حروف التهجى ، وأقرب الأقوال إلى الصواب فى معنى هذه الحروف ، أنها جئ بها على سبيل الإِيقاظ والتنبيه للذين تحداهم القرآن . فكأن الله - تعالى - يقول لهؤلاء المعارضين فى أن القرآن من عند الله : ها كم القرآن ترونه مؤلفا من كلام هو من جنس ما تؤلفون منه كلامكم ، ومنظوما من حروف هى من جنس الحروف الهجائية التى تنظمون منها حروفكم .فإن كنتم فى شك فى كونه منزلا من عند الله - تعالى - فهاتوا مثله ، أو عشر سور من مثله ، أو سورة واحدة من مثله .فعجزوا وانقلبوا خاسرين ، وثبت أن هذا القرآن من عند الله - سبحانه - .وهذا الرأى وهو كون " ق " من الحروف الهجائية ، هو الذى تطمئن إليه ، وهناك أقوال أخرى فى معنى هذا الحرف ، تركناها لضعفها كقول بعضهم إن " ق " اسم جبل محيط بجميع الأرض . . وهى أقوال لم يقم دليل نقلى أو عقلى على صحتها .قال ابن كثير : وقد روى عن بعض السلف ، أنهم قالوا " ق " جبل محيط بالأرض ، يقال له جبل " قل " وكأن هذا - والله أعلم - من خرافات بنى إسرائيل أخذها عنهم بعض الناس . .والواو فى قوله - تعالى - : ( والقرآن المجيد ) للقسم ، والمقسم به القرآن الكريم ، وجواب القسم محذوف لدلالة ما بعده عليه ، وهو استبعادهم لعبثة الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وتكذيبهم للبعث والحساب . .وقوله : ( المجيد ) صفة للقرآن . أى : ذى المجد والشرف وكثرة الخير .ولفظ المجيد مأخوذ من المجد ، بمعنى السعة والكرم ، وأصله من مجدت الإِبل وأمجدت ، إذا وقعت فى مرعى مخصب ، واسع ، الجنبات ، كثير الأعشاب .والمعنى : أقسم بالقرآن ذى المجد والشرف ، وذى الخير الوفير الذى يجد فيه كل طالب مقصوده ، إنك - أيها الرسول الكريم - لصادق فيما تبلغه عن ربك من أن البعث حق والحساب حق ، والجزاء حق . . ولكن الجاحدين لم يؤمنوا بذلك .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ (1)اختلف أهل التأويل في قوله: (ق) , فقال بعضهم: هو اسم من أسماء الله تعالى أقسم به.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني علي بن داود, قال: ثنا أبو صالح, قال: ثني معاوية, عن عليّ, عن ابن عباس في قوله: (ق) و ن وأشباه هذا, فإنه قسم أقسمه الله, وهو اسم من أسماء الله.وقال آخرون: هو اسم من أسماء القرآن.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن قتادة, في قوله (ق) قال: اسم من أسماء القرآن.وقال آخرون: (ق) اسم الجبل المحيط بالأرض, وقد تقدّم بياننا في تأويل حروف المعجم التي في أوائل سور القرآن بما فيه الكفاية عن إعادته في هذا الموضع.وقوله ( وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ ) يقول: والقرآن الكريم.كما حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا يحيى بن يمان, عن أشعث بن إسحاق, عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة, عن سعيد بن جُبير ( ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ ) قال: الكريم.واختلف أهل العربية في موضع جواب هذا القسم, فقال بعض نحويِّي البصرة ( ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ ) قسم على قوله قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنْقُصُ الأَرْضُ مِنْهُمْ وقال بعض نحويِّي أهل الكوفة: فيها المعنى الذي أقسم به, وقال: ذكر أنها قضى والله, وقال: يقال: إن قاف جبل محيط بالأرض, فإن يكن كذلك فكأنه في موضع رفع: أي هو قاف والله; قال: وكان ينبغي لرفعه أن يظهر لأنه اسم وليس بهجاء; قال: ولعلّ القاف وحدها ذكرت من اسمه, كما قال الشاعر:قُلْت لَها قفي لَنَا قالَتْ قاف (1)ذُكرت القاف إرادة القاف من الوقف: أي إني واقفة.وهذا القول الثاني عندنا أولى القولين بالصواب, لأنه لا يعرف في أجوبة الأيمان قد, وإنما تجاب الأيمان إذا أجيبت بأحد الحروف الأربعة: اللام, وإن, وما, ولا أو بترك جوابها فيكون ساقطا.------------------------الهوامش:(1) في ( اللسان : وقف ) غير منسوب . وقوله * قلـت لهـا قفـي قـالت قـاف *بسكون الكاف الفاء : إنما أراد : قد وقفت فاكتفى بذكر القاف . قال ابن جني : ولو نقل هذا الشاعر إلينا شيئا من جملة الحال، فقال مع قوله : قالت قاف ، وأمسكت زمام بعيرها ، أو عاجته عليها ، لكان أبين ، لما كانوا عليه ، وأدل على أنها أرادت قفي لنا ، أي يقول لي قفي لنا! متعجبة منه . وهو إذا شاهدها وقد وقفت علم أن قولها : قاف إجابة لقوله ، وتعجب منه في قوله قفي لنا . أ هـ . وفي معاني القرآن للفراء ( الورقة 308 ) أورد البيت ثم قال : ذكرت القاف من الوقت ، أي إني واقفة . أ هـ .
مكية( ق ) [ قال ابن عباس : هو قسم ، وقيل : ] هو اسم للسورة ، وقيل هو اسم من أسماء القرآن .وقال القرظي : هو مفتاح اسمه " القدير " ، و " القادر " و " القاهر " و " القريب " و " القابض " .وقال عكرمة والضحاك : هو جبل محيط بالأرض من زمردة خضراء ، منه خضرة السماء والسماء مقبية عليه ، وعليه كتفاها ، ويقال هو وراء الحجاب الذي تغيب الشمس من ورائه بمسيرة سنة .وقيل : معناه قضي الأمر ، أو قضي ما هو كائن ، كما قالوا في حم .( والقرآن المجيد ) الشريف الكريم على الله ، الكثير الخير .واختلفوا في جواب القسم ، فقال أهل الكوفة : جوابه : " بل عجبوا " ، وقيل : جوابه محذوف ، مجازه : والقرآن المجيد لتبعثن . وقيل : جوابه قوله : " ما يلفظ من قول " . وقيل : " قد علمنا " وجوابات القسم سبعة : " إن " الشديدة كقوله : " والفجر - إن ربك لبالمرصاد " ( الفجر - 14 ) ، و " ما " النفي كقوله : " والضحى - ما ودعك ربك " ( الضحى - 1 - 3 ) ، و " اللام " المفتوحة كقوله : " فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين " ( الحجر - 92 ) و " إن " الخفيفة كقوله تعالى : " إن كنا لفي ضلال مبين " ( الشعراء - 38 ) و " لا " كقوله تعالى : " وأقسموا بالله جهد أيمانهم لا يبعث الله من يموت " ( النحل - 38 ) ، و " قد " كقوله تعالى : " والشمس وضحاها - قد أفلح من زكاها " ( الشمس - 1 - 9 ) .
ق وَالْقُرْآَنِ الْمَجِيدِ (1(القول فيه نظير القول في أمثاله من الحروف المقطعة الواقعة في أوائل السور . فهو حرف من حروف التهجّي وقد رسموه في المصحف بصورة حرف القاف التي يُتَهجى بها في المكتب ، وأجمعوا على أن النطق بها باسم الحَرف المعروف ، أي ينْطِقون بقاففٍ بعدها ألف ، بعده فاء . وقد أجمع من يعتدّ به من القراء على النطق به ساكِنَ الآخِر سكون هجاء في الوصل والوقِف .ووقع في رواية بعض القصاصين المكذوبة عن ابن عباس أن المراد بقوله : { ق } اسم جبل عظيم محيط بالأرض . وفي رواية عنه إنه اسم لكل واحد من جبال سبعة محيطة بالأرضين السبع واحداً وراء واحد كما أن الأرضين السبع أرض وراء أرض . أي فهو اسم جنس انحصرت أفراده في سبعة ، وأطالوا في وصف ذلك بما أملاه عليهم الخيال المشفوع بقلة التثبت فيما يروونه للإغراب ، وذلك من الأوهام المخلوطة ببعض أقوال قدماء المشرقيين وبسوء فهم البعض في علم جغرافية الأرض وتخيلهم إياها رقاعاً مسطحة ذات تقاسيم يحيط بكل قسم منها ما يفصله عن القسم الآخر من بحار وجبال ، وهذا مما ينبغي ترفع العلماء عن الاشتغال بذكره لولا أن كثيراً من المفسرين ذكروه .
يقسم تعالى بالقرآن المجيد أي: وسيع المعاني عظيمها، كثير الوجوه كثير البركات، جزيل المبرات. والمجد: سعة الأوصاف وعظمتها، وأحق كلام يوصف بهذا، هذا القرآن، الذي قد احتوى على علوم الأولين والآخرين، الذي حوى من الفصاحة أكملها، ومن الألفاظ أجزلها، ومن المعاني أعمها وأحسنها، وهذا موجب لكمال اتباعه، و [سرعة] الانقياد له، وشكر الله على المنة به.
مكية كلها ، وهي خمس وأربعون آيةمكية كلها في قول الحسن وعطاء وعكرمة وجابر . قال ابن عباس وقتادة : إلا آية ، وهي قوله تعالى : ولقد خلقنا السماوات والأرض وما بينهما في ستة أيام وما مسنا من لغوب . وفي صحيح مسلم عن أم هشام بنت حارثة بن النعمان قالت : لقد كان تنورنا وتنور رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم واحدا سنتين - أو سنة وبعض سنة - وما أخذت " ق والقرآن المجيد " إلا عن لسان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ; يقرؤها كل يوم جمعة على المنبر إذا خطب الناس .وعن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه سأل أبا واقد الليثي : ما كان يقرأ به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الأضحى والفطر ؟ فقال : كان يقرأ فيهما ب " ق والقرآن المجيد " و " اقتربت الساعة وانشق القمر " . وعن جابر بن سمرة أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقرأ في الفجر ب ق والقرآن المجيد وكانت صلاته بعد تخفيفا .بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمق والقرآن المجيد[ ص: 4 ] قوله تعالى : ق والقرآن المجيد قرأ العامة " قاف " بالجزم . وقرأ الحسن وابن أبي إسحاق ونصر بن عاصم " قاف " بكسر الفاء ; لأن الكسر أخو الجزم ، فلما سكن آخره حركوه بحركة الخفض . وقرأ عيسى الثقفي بفتح الفاء ، حركه إلى أخف الحركات . وقرأ هارون ومحمد بن السميفع " قاف " بالضم ; لأنه في غالب الأمر حركة البناء نحو : منذ وقط وقبل وبعد .واختلف في معنى " ق " ما هو ؟ فقال ابن زيد وعكرمة والضحاك : هو جبل محيط بالأرض من زمردة خضراء اخضرت السماء منه ، وعليه طرفا السماء والسماء عليه مقبية ، وما أصاب الناس من زمرد كان مما تساقط من ذلك الجبل . ورواه أبو الجوزاء عن عبد الله بن عباس . قال الفراء : كان يجب على هذا أن يظهر الإعراب في " ق " ; لأنه اسم وليس بهجاء . قال : ولعل القاف وحدها ذكرت من اسمه ; كقول القائل :قلت لها قفي فقالت قافأي : أنا واقفة . وهذا وجه حسن وقد تقدم أول البقرة . وقال وهب : أشرف ذو القرنين على جبل قاف فرأى تحته جبالا صغارا ، فقال له : ما أنت ؟ قال : أنا قاف ، قال : فما هذه الجبال حولك ؟ قال : هي عروقي وما من مدينة إلا وفيها عرق من عروقي ، فإذا أراد الله أن يزلزل مدينة أمرني فحركت عرقي ذلك فتزلزلت تلك الأرض ; فقال له : يا قاف أخبرني بشيء من عظمة الله ; قال : إن شأن ربنا لعظيم ، وإن ورائي أرضا مسيرة خمسمائة عام في خمسمائة عام من جبال ثلج يحطم بعضها بعضا ، لولا هي لاحترقت من حر جهنم . فهذا يدل على أن جهنم على وجه الأرض والله أعلم بموضعها ؛ وأين هي من الأرض . قال : زدني ، قال : إن جبريل عليه السلام واقف بين يدي الله ترعد فرائصه ، يخلق الله من كل رعدة مائة ألف ملك ، فأولئك الملائكة وقوف بين يدي الله تعالى منكسو رءوسهم ، فإذا أذن الله لهم في الكلام قالوا : [ ص: 5 ] لا إله إلا الله ; وهو قوله تعالى : يوم يقوم الروح والملائكة صفا لا يتكلمون إلا من أذن له الرحمن وقال صوابا يعني قول : لا إله إلا الله . وقال الزجاج : قوله " ق " أي : قضي الأمر ، كما قيل في " حم " أي : حم الأمر . وقال ابن عباس : " ق " اسم من أسماء الله تعالى أقسم به . وعنه أيضا : أنه اسم من أسماء القرآن . وهو قول قتادة . وقال القرظي : افتتاح أسماء الله تعالى قدير وقاهر وقريب وقاض وقابض . وقال الشعبي : فاتحة السورة . وقال أبو بكر الوراق : معناه قف عند أمرنا ونهينا ولا تعدهما . وقال محمد بن عاصم الأنطاكي : هو قرب الله من عباده ، بيانه ونحن أقرب إليه من حبل الوريد وقال ابن عطاء : أقسم الله بقوة قلب حبيبه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، حيث حمل الخطاب ولم يؤثر ذلك فيه لعلو حاله .والقرآن المجيد أي : الرفيع القدر . وقيل : الكريم ; قاله الحسن . وقيل : الكثير ; مأخوذ من كثرة القدر والمنزلة لا من كثرة العدد ، من قولهم : كثير فلان في النفوس ; ومنه قول العرب في المثل السائر : " في كل شجر نار ، واستمجد المرخ والعفار " . أي : استكثر هذان النوعان من النار فزادا على سائر الشجر ; قاله ابن بحر . وجواب القسم قيل هو : قد علمنا ما تنقص الأرض منهم على إرادة اللام ; أي : لقد علمنا . وقيل : هو إن في ذلك لذكرى وهو اختيار الترمذي محمد بن علي قال : " ق " قسم باسم هو أعظم الأسماء التي خرجت إلى العباد وهو القدرة ، وأقسم أيضا بالقرآن المجيد ، ثم اقتص ما خرج من القدرة من خلق السماوات والأرضين وأرزاق العباد ، وخلق الآدميين ، وصفة يوم القيامة والجنة والنار ، ثم قال : إن في ذلك لذكرى لمن كان له قلب فوقع القسم على هذه الكلمة كأنه قال : ق أي : بالقدرة والقرآن المجيد أقسمت أن فيما اقتصصت في هذه السورة لذكرى لمن كان له قلب أو ألقى السمع وهو شهيد . وقال ابن كيسان : جوابه ما يلفظ من قول . وقال أهل الكوفة : جواب هذا القسم بل عجبوا . وقال الأخفش : جوابه محذوف كأنه قال : ق والقرآن المجيد لتبعثن ; يدل عليه أإذا متنا وكنا ترابا .
The history of the prophets shows that their contemporaries were not ready to accept them. It was only in later times that people readily accepted their status as prophets. The reason for this is that the prophet appears to his contemporaries as ‘a person just like themselves’. They find it surprising that one whom they have always treated as their equal should suddenly become great and start advising them. But, as time passes, a history of greatness becomes attached to the prophet’s name. So, he starts appearing to succeeding generations as a ‘person greater than themselves.’ That is why, in later periods people did not find it difficult to accept the prophetic status of a prophet. In other words, to the people of the early days, the prophet was a controversial figure, while to the people of later times he acquired the aura of an established personage. The people of the earlier period had to undertake a journey in consciousness in order to fill the gap between them and the prophet, while in the later period, this gap would have been filled by history itself. In the eyes of those who entertain doubts about the prophethood of God’s messenger, everything about him becomes doubtful—even those beliefs that are already enshrined in tradition. However, nothing can act as a shield or an excuse for the doubters. If the rejecters of the prophet were simply to consider the inimitable literary majesty of his book, they would be compelled to accept as a prophet the one who brought that book.
Linkage with the preceding Surah
This Surah mostly contains subjects relating to the Day of Judgment, Resurrection, the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah's reward and punishment etc. Thus this Surah is linked with Surah Al-Hujurat because the concluding part of the latter Surah dealt with these subjects.
Characteristics and Virtues of Surah Qaf
It is reported in Muslim, as cited in Qurtubi, that Umm Hisham Bint Harithah Ibn Nu` man ؓ ، said: "For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, we shared one single oven with the Holy Prophet ﷺ . I memorized Surah Qaf from the Holy Prophet ﷺ who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the pulpit delivering the Friday sermon to the people."
Sayyidna ` Umar Ibn-ul-Khattab ؓ asked Abu Waqid Al-Laithi: "What did the Holy Prophet ﷺ recite during the ` Id prayers?" He replied: "Surah Qaf and Surah Qamar." Sayyidna Jabir ؓ reports that the Holy Prophet ﷺ used to recite Surah Qaf often in the Morning Prayer. (Despite that this Surah is rather long,) the prayer was felt light (Qurtubi). It was the special trait of the recitation of the Holy Prophet ﷺ that praying behind him caused no stress, even when he recited the long Surahs.
Is it Possible to Observe the Heaven?
أَفَلَمْ يَنظُرُوا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ (Did they not, then, look to the sky above them? - 50:6). Apparently this sentence indicates that it is possible to see the sky, while the general impression is that the blue colour that we see above is the colour of the atmosphere, and not that of the heaven. However, there is no proof for non-existence of the sky, nor of the presumption that the colour of the heaven is not blue. Besides, the word nazar (seeing) used in the verse could mean perceiving through reason, that is, thinking, pondering etc. (Bayan-ul-Qur’ an)
And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said in the interpretation of Allah's saying (Qaf.): '(Qaf.) He says: it is an azure mountain overlooking this world, and the colour of the sky takes from it; Allah swore by it, (By the glorious Qur'an) and He swore by the glorious, noble Qur'an,
Qāf�[With this word] God, Exalted is He, made an oath by His strength (quwwa) and omnipotence (qudra). In its outer meaning it refers to the mountain which surrounds this world, which is the first mountain God, Exalted is He, created. Then after it, He created Mount Abū Qubays, which is the mountain which rises above Ṣafā. Beyond this, by a distance of one year�s journey, is a mountain behind which the sun sets, just as He said: until it [the sun] disappeared behind [night�s] veil [38:32]. It has a face like a human face and a heart like the hearts of the angels in gnosis (fi�l-maʿrifa). His words:�By the glorious Qurʾān.He said:This means that it is honoured above all other speech.His words:
Which was revealed in Makkah
The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur'an
This Surah is the first Surah in the Mufassal section of the Qur'an, according to the correct view. It is said that the Mufassal starts with Surat Al-Hujurat. Some common people say that the Mufassal starts with Surah `Amma An-Naba, (chapter 78), however, this is not true because none of the respected scholars ever supported this opinion. Aws (bin Hudhayfah) said; "I asked the Companions of Allah's Messenger ﷺ how they divided the Qur'an. They said; `Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, and the Mufassal section as one.' " This was recorded by Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmad. If one counts forty-eight Surahs, the next Surah will be Surah Qaf. The details are as follows: The first three Surahs are Al-Baqarah (chapter 2), Al `Imran (3), then An-Nisa' (4). The five are Al-Ma'idah (5), Al-An`am (6), Al-A`raf (7), Al-Anfal (8) and Bara'ah (or At-Tawbah) (9). The seven next Surahs are Surah Yunus (10), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Ar-Ra`d (13), Ibrahim (14), Al-Hijr (15) and An-Nahl (16). The nine next Surahs are, Subhan (or Al-Isra' (17), Al-Kahf (18), Maryam (19), Ta Ha (20), Al-Anbiya' (21), Al-Hajj (22), Al-Mu`minun (23), An-Nur (24) and Al-Furqan (25). The next eleven Surahs are Surat Ash-Shu`ara (26), An-Naml (27), Al-Qasas (28), Al-`Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31), Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah (32), Al-Ahzab (33), Saba' (34), Fatir (35) and Ya Sin (36). The next thirteen are Surat As-Saffat (37), Sad (38), Az-Zumar (39), Ghafir (40), Ha Mim As-Sajdah (or Fussilat) (41), Ash-Shura (42), Az-Zukhruf (43), Ad-Dukhan (44), Al-Jathiyah (45), Al-Ahqaf (46), Al-Qital (or Muhammad) (47), Al-Fath (48) and Al-Hujurat (49). After that comes the Mufassal section, according to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Therefore, Surah Qaf (chapter 50) is the first of the Mufassal, just as we stated, and all praise is due to Allah and all favors are from Him.
The Virtues of Surah Qaf
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid Al-Laythi, "What did the Prophet recite during the `Id Prayer" Abu Waqid said, "Surah Qaf and Surat Iqtarabat i.e. Surat Al-Qamar (54)." Muslim and the Four Collectors of the Sunan collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Hisham bint Harithah said, "For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, our oven and the oven of the Prophet was one and the same. I memorized Surah,
ق وَالْقُرْءَانِ الْمَجِيدِ
(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an.) from the tongue of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the Minbar delivering the Friday sermon to the people." Muslim collected this Hadith. Abu Dawud also recorded that the daughter of Al-Harith bin An-Nu`man said, "I only memorized Surah Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who used to recite it in every Friday Khutbah. Our oven and the oven of the Messenger was one and the same." Muslim and An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to recite this Surah during large gatherings such as the `Ids and during Friday sermons. He did so because this Surah contains news of the beginning of creation, Resurrec- tion, the Return, Standing (before Allah), the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah's reward and punishment, lessons of encouragement, and lessons of discouragement. Allah knows best.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
ق
(Qaf.) which is one of the letters of the alphabet that are mentioned in the beginning of some Surahs, such as,
ص
(Sad.) (38:1)
ن
(Nun. ) (68:1)
الم
(Alif Lam Mim.) (2:1),
حـم
(Ha Mim.) (40:1), and
طس
(Ta Sin) (28:1) and etc., Mujahid and several others said this. We also discussed this in the beginning of the explanation of Surat Al-Baqarah, and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat it here.
The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection Allah said,
وَالْقُرْءَانِ الْمَجِيدِ
(By the Glorious Qur'an.) means by the Honorable and Great Qur'an, which,
لاَّ يَأْتِيهِ الْبَـطِلُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلاَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنزِيلٌ مِّنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ
(Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it: (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.)(41:42) The subject of the oath contained in this Ayah is specified afterwards, even though it does not appear by word, emphasizing prophethood, resurrection and affirming that they are true. There are similar kinds of oaths in the Qur'an, whose subject is included in the meaning but not by word, such as,
ص وَالْقُرْءَانِ ذِى الذِّكْرِ - بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ
(Sad. By the Qur'an full of reminding. Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.)(38:1-2) Allah said here,
ق وَالْقُرْءَانِ الْمَجِيدِ - بَلْ عَجِبُواْ أَن جَآءَهُمْ مُّنذِرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَقَالَ الْكَـفِرُونَ هَـذَا شَىْءٌ عَجِيبٌ
(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: "This is a strange thing!") They wondered at the wisdom behind sending a Messenger who is a human being. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in another Ayah
أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَنْ أَنذِرِ النَّاسَ
(Is it a wonder for mankind that We have sent Our revelation to a man from among themselves (saying): "Warn mankind.") (10:2), meaning, this is not strange, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored mentioned that the disbelievers also wondered about the Resurrection and discounted its coming,
أَءِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَاباً ذَلِكَ رَجْعُ بَعِيدٌ
(When we are dead and have become dust. That is a far return.) They said, `after we die, disintegrate, with our organs torn apart and we become dust, how can we be brought back to our original shape and bodies,'
ذَلِكَ رَجْعُ بَعِيدٌ
(That is a far return.) `it is not likely that it will ever occur.' They thought that Resurrection was far from happening and will never occur. Allah the Exalted responded to their statement by saying,
قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنقُصُ الاٌّرْضَ مِنْهُمْ
(We know that which the earth takes of them.) meaning, `We know what the earth consumes of their dead bodies.' Where and how the bodies disintegrated, what they turned into and how they have become, all of this is never absent from Allah's knowledge.
وَعِندَنَا كِتَـبٌ حَفِيظٌ
(and with Us is a Book preserved,) `that keeps all records. Therefore, Our knowledge is encompassing and the Book of decrees has everything precisely recorded in it. Al-`Awfi narrated that `Abdullah bin `Abbas commented on the statement of Allah the Exalted,
قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنقُصُ الاٌّرْضَ مِنْهُمْ
(We know that which the earth takes of them,) "It refers to what the earth consumes of their flesh, skin, bones and hair." A similar view was recorded from Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and several others. Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, explained the reason behind their disbelief, rebellion and discounting the possibility of what is truly possible,
بَلْ كَذَّبُواْ بِالْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ فَهُمْ فِى أَمْرٍ مَّرِيجٍ
(Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.) This is the state of all those who defy the Truth: whatever they say and utter after denying the Truth, is utterly false. Marij means, in disarray, in a confused state and defying the characteristics of the Truth. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
إِنَّكُمْ لَفِى قَوْلٍ مُّخْتَلِفٍ - يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ
(Certainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside therefrom is he who is turned aside.)(51:8-9)
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an! Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.” When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and “Peace!” from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him. Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, “for one soul,” and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, “And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve” [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: “Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve” [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: “Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve” [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: “Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!” He swore by the limpidness of his love: “Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!” [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: “Nay, I swear by this land!” [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: “By the bright morning! And by the night when still!” [93:1-2]. He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, �God swears an oath by the strength [quwwa] of the heart of His beloved, MuḤammad, inasmuch as he carried the discourse that left no trace in him, because of the elevation of his state.�When someone has a dear friend, in every state he seeks his approval. He always looks at him, he whispers his secrets to him, and he swears his oaths by his spirit and secret core. He speaks of him much, and he watches out for him at home and while traveling, in sleep and in wakefulness. He considers whatever he does beautiful, and he never holds back talk and �Peace!� from him. The generous Lord, the ever-merciful king, showered the realities of these meanings on His beloved, the Seal of the Prophets, so that the world's folk would know that in the Exalted Threshold, no one has the rank, level, and distinction held by that paragon. The engendered beings and existent things are all for his sake, and His love for all is love for him.Your creation and your upraising are as but one soul [31:28]. It has been said that this means, �for one soul,� and what is meant by this soul is MuṣṬafā's essence. In all states, He sought his approval, as He says, �And in the hours of the night glorify, and at the ends of the day, that perhaps thou mayest approve� [20:130]. He sought his approval in the kiblah: �Now We shall turn thee to- ward a kiblah that thou shalt approve� [2:144]. He sought his approval in intercession for the com- munity: �Thy Lord shall bestow upon thee so that thou shalt approve� [93:5]. He swore by his life: 'By thy life' [15:72]. He swore by the strength of his heart: �Qāf! By the splendorous Qur'an!� He swore by the limpidness of his love: �Sād! By the Qur'an possessing the remembrance!� [38:1]. He swore by the place of his feet: �Nay, I swear by this land!� [90:1]. He swore by his face and hair: �By the bright morning! And by the night when still!� [93:1-2].He never veiled him from His gaze: Surely thou art in Our eyes [52:48]. Who sees thee when thou standest [26:218]. In sleep and wakefulness He kept him protected: And God will protect thee from the people [5:67].
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ (1)اختلف أهل التأويل في قوله: (ق) , فقال بعضهم: هو اسم من أسماء الله تعالى أقسم به.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني علي بن داود, قال: ثنا أبو صالح, قال: ثني معاوية, عن عليّ, عن ابن عباس في قوله: (ق) و ن وأشباه هذا, فإنه قسم أقسمه الله, وهو اسم من أسماء الله.وقال آخرون: هو اسم من أسماء القرآن.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن قتادة, في قوله (ق) قال: اسم من أسماء القرآن.وقال آخرون: (ق) اسم الجبل المحيط بالأرض, وقد تقدّم بياننا في تأويل حروف المعجم التي في أوائل سور القرآن بما فيه الكفاية عن إعادته في هذا الموضع.وقوله ( وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ ) يقول: والقرآن الكريم.كما حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا يحيى بن يمان, عن أشعث بن إسحاق, عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة, عن سعيد بن جُبير ( ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ ) قال: الكريم.واختلف أهل العربية في موضع جواب هذا القسم, فقال بعض نحويِّي البصرة ( ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ ) قسم على قوله قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنْقُصُ الأَرْضُ مِنْهُمْ وقال بعض نحويِّي أهل الكوفة: فيها المعنى الذي أقسم به, وقال: ذكر أنها قضى والله, وقال: يقال: إن قاف جبل محيط بالأرض, فإن يكن كذلك فكأنه في موضع رفع: أي هو قاف والله; قال: وكان ينبغي لرفعه أن يظهر لأنه اسم وليس بهجاء; قال: ولعلّ القاف وحدها ذكرت من اسمه, كما قال الشاعر:قُلْت لَها قفي لَنَا قالَتْ قاف (1)ذُكرت القاف إرادة القاف من الوقف: أي إني واقفة.وهذا القول الثاني عندنا أولى القولين بالصواب, لأنه لا يعرف في أجوبة الأيمان قد, وإنما تجاب الأيمان إذا أجيبت بأحد الحروف الأربعة: اللام, وإن, وما, ولا أو بترك جوابها فيكون ساقطا.------------------------الهوامش:(1) في ( اللسان : وقف ) غير منسوب . وقوله * قلـت لهـا قفـي قـالت قـاف *بسكون الكاف الفاء : إنما أراد : قد وقفت فاكتفى بذكر القاف . قال ابن جني : ولو نقل هذا الشاعر إلينا شيئا من جملة الحال، فقال مع قوله : قالت قاف ، وأمسكت زمام بعيرها ، أو عاجته عليها ، لكان أبين ، لما كانوا عليه ، وأدل على أنها أرادت قفي لنا ، أي يقول لي قفي لنا! متعجبة منه . وهو إذا شاهدها وقد وقفت علم أن قولها : قاف إجابة لقوله ، وتعجب منه في قوله قفي لنا . أ هـ . وفي معاني القرآن للفراء ( الورقة 308 ) أورد البيت ثم قال : ذكرت القاف من الوقت ، أي إني واقفة . أ هـ .
Linkage with the preceding Surah
This Surah mostly contains subjects relating to the Day of Judgment, Resurrection, the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah's reward and punishment etc. Thus this Surah is linked with Surah Al-Hujurat because the concluding part of the latter Surah dealt with these subjects.
Characteristics and Virtues of Surah Qaf
It is reported in Muslim, as cited in Qurtubi, that Umm Hisham Bint Harithah Ibn Nu` man ؓ ، said: "For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, we shared one single oven with the Holy Prophet ﷺ . I memorized Surah Qaf from the Holy Prophet ﷺ who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the pulpit delivering the Friday sermon to the people."
Sayyidna ` Umar Ibn-ul-Khattab ؓ asked Abu Waqid Al-Laithi: "What did the Holy Prophet ﷺ recite during the ` Id prayers?" He replied: "Surah Qaf and Surah Qamar." Sayyidna Jabir ؓ reports that the Holy Prophet ﷺ used to recite Surah Qaf often in the Morning Prayer. (Despite that this Surah is rather long,) the prayer was felt light (Qurtubi). It was the special trait of the recitation of the Holy Prophet ﷺ that praying behind him caused no stress, even when he recited the long Surahs.
Is it Possible to Observe the Heaven?
أَفَلَمْ يَنظُرُوا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ (Did they not, then, look to the sky above them? - 50:6). Apparently this sentence indicates that it is possible to see the sky, while the general impression is that the blue colour that we see above is the colour of the atmosphere, and not that of the heaven. However, there is no proof for non-existence of the sky, nor of the presumption that the colour of the heaven is not blue. Besides, the word nazar (seeing) used in the verse could mean perceiving through reason, that is, thinking, pondering etc. (Bayan-ul-Qur’ an)
Which was revealed in Makkah
The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur'an
This Surah is the first Surah in the Mufassal section of the Qur'an, according to the correct view. It is said that the Mufassal starts with Surat Al-Hujurat. Some common people say that the Mufassal starts with Surah `Amma An-Naba, (chapter 78), however, this is not true because none of the respected scholars ever supported this opinion. Aws (bin Hudhayfah) said; "I asked the Companions of Allah's Messenger ﷺ how they divided the Qur'an. They said; `Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, and the Mufassal section as one.' " This was recorded by Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmad. If one counts forty-eight Surahs, the next Surah will be Surah Qaf. The details are as follows: The first three Surahs are Al-Baqarah (chapter 2), Al `Imran (3), then An-Nisa' (4). The five are Al-Ma'idah (5), Al-An`am (6), Al-A`raf (7), Al-Anfal (8) and Bara'ah (or At-Tawbah) (9). The seven next Surahs are Surah Yunus (10), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Ar-Ra`d (13), Ibrahim (14), Al-Hijr (15) and An-Nahl (16). The nine next Surahs are, Subhan (or Al-Isra' (17), Al-Kahf (18), Maryam (19), Ta Ha (20), Al-Anbiya' (21), Al-Hajj (22), Al-Mu`minun (23), An-Nur (24) and Al-Furqan (25). The next eleven Surahs are Surat Ash-Shu`ara (26), An-Naml (27), Al-Qasas (28), Al-`Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31), Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah (32), Al-Ahzab (33), Saba' (34), Fatir (35) and Ya Sin (36). The next thirteen are Surat As-Saffat (37), Sad (38), Az-Zumar (39), Ghafir (40), Ha Mim As-Sajdah (or Fussilat) (41), Ash-Shura (42), Az-Zukhruf (43), Ad-Dukhan (44), Al-Jathiyah (45), Al-Ahqaf (46), Al-Qital (or Muhammad) (47), Al-Fath (48) and Al-Hujurat (49). After that comes the Mufassal section, according to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Therefore, Surah Qaf (chapter 50) is the first of the Mufassal, just as we stated, and all praise is due to Allah and all favors are from Him.
The Virtues of Surah Qaf
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid Al-Laythi, "What did the Prophet recite during the `Id Prayer" Abu Waqid said, "Surah Qaf and Surat Iqtarabat i.e. Surat Al-Qamar (54)." Muslim and the Four Collectors of the Sunan collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Hisham bint Harithah said, "For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, our oven and the oven of the Prophet was one and the same. I memorized Surah,
ق وَالْقُرْءَانِ الْمَجِيدِ
(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an.) from the tongue of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the Minbar delivering the Friday sermon to the people." Muslim collected this Hadith. Abu Dawud also recorded that the daughter of Al-Harith bin An-Nu`man said, "I only memorized Surah Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who used to recite it in every Friday Khutbah. Our oven and the oven of the Messenger was one and the same." Muslim and An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to recite this Surah during large gatherings such as the `Ids and during Friday sermons. He did so because this Surah contains news of the beginning of creation, Resurrec- tion, the Return, Standing (before Allah), the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah's reward and punishment, lessons of encouragement, and lessons of discouragement. Allah knows best.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
ق
(Qaf.) which is one of the letters of the alphabet that are mentioned in the beginning of some Surahs, such as,
ص
(Sad.) (38:1)
ن
(Nun. ) (68:1)
الم
(Alif Lam Mim.) (2:1),
حـم
(Ha Mim.) (40:1), and
طس
(Ta Sin) (28:1) and etc., Mujahid and several others said this. We also discussed this in the beginning of the explanation of Surat Al-Baqarah, and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat it here.
The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection Allah said,
وَالْقُرْءَانِ الْمَجِيدِ
(By the Glorious Qur'an.) means by the Honorable and Great Qur'an, which,
لاَّ يَأْتِيهِ الْبَـطِلُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلاَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنزِيلٌ مِّنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ
(Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it: (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.)(41:42) The subject of the oath contained in this Ayah is specified afterwards, even though it does not appear by word, emphasizing prophethood, resurrection and affirming that they are true. There are similar kinds of oaths in the Qur'an, whose subject is included in the meaning but not by word, such as,
ص وَالْقُرْءَانِ ذِى الذِّكْرِ - بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ
(Sad. By the Qur'an full of reminding. Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.)(38:1-2) Allah said here,
ق وَالْقُرْءَانِ الْمَجِيدِ - بَلْ عَجِبُواْ أَن جَآءَهُمْ مُّنذِرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَقَالَ الْكَـفِرُونَ هَـذَا شَىْءٌ عَجِيبٌ
(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: "This is a strange thing!") They wondered at the wisdom behind sending a Messenger who is a human being. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in another Ayah
أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَنْ أَنذِرِ النَّاسَ
(Is it a wonder for mankind that We have sent Our revelation to a man from among themselves (saying): "Warn mankind.") (10:2), meaning, this is not strange, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored mentioned that the disbelievers also wondered about the Resurrection and discounted its coming,
أَءِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَاباً ذَلِكَ رَجْعُ بَعِيدٌ
(When we are dead and have become dust. That is a far return.) They said, `after we die, disintegrate, with our organs torn apart and we become dust, how can we be brought back to our original shape and bodies,'
ذَلِكَ رَجْعُ بَعِيدٌ
(That is a far return.) `it is not likely that it will ever occur.' They thought that Resurrection was far from happening and will never occur. Allah the Exalted responded to their statement by saying,
قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنقُصُ الاٌّرْضَ مِنْهُمْ
(We know that which the earth takes of them.) meaning, `We know what the earth consumes of their dead bodies.' Where and how the bodies disintegrated, what they turned into and how they have become, all of this is never absent from Allah's knowledge.
وَعِندَنَا كِتَـبٌ حَفِيظٌ
(and with Us is a Book preserved,) `that keeps all records. Therefore, Our knowledge is encompassing and the Book of decrees has everything precisely recorded in it. Al-`Awfi narrated that `Abdullah bin `Abbas commented on the statement of Allah the Exalted,
قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنقُصُ الاٌّرْضَ مِنْهُمْ
(We know that which the earth takes of them,) "It refers to what the earth consumes of their flesh, skin, bones and hair." A similar view was recorded from Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and several others. Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, explained the reason behind their disbelief, rebellion and discounting the possibility of what is truly possible,
بَلْ كَذَّبُواْ بِالْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ فَهُمْ فِى أَمْرٍ مَّرِيجٍ
(Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.) This is the state of all those who defy the Truth: whatever they say and utter after denying the Truth, is utterly false. Marij means, in disarray, in a confused state and defying the characteristics of the Truth. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
إِنَّكُمْ لَفِى قَوْلٍ مُّخْتَلِفٍ - يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ
(Certainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside therefrom is he who is turned aside.)(51:8-9)