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وَأَنَّهُۥ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحۡیَا ۝٤٤
wa-annahu huwa amāta wa-aḥy
The Star / an-Najm (53:44)
Connections 12 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (12) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

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that it is He who gives death and life
wa-annahu huwa amāta wa-aḥy

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Tafsir Commentary

and that it is He Who brings death in this world and gives life for resurrection
وأنه سبحانه أمات مَن أراد موته مِن خلقه، وأحيا مَن أراد حياته منهم، فهو المتفرِّد سبحانه بالإحياء والإماتة.
"وأنه هو أمات وأحيا" كقوله "الذي خلق الموت والحياة".
وقوله : ( وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا ) أى : وأنه - تعالى - بقدرته وحدها ، هو الذى أحيا من يريد إحياءه من مخلوقاته ، وأمات من يريد إماتته منهم .وهذا رد على أولئك الجاهلين الذين أنكروا ذلك ، وقالوا - كما حكى القرآن عنهم - ( . . . مَا هِيَ إِلاَّ حَيَاتُنَا الدنيا نَمُوتُ وَنَحْيَا وَمَا يُهْلِكُنَآ إِلاَّ الدهر . . . ).
وقوله ( وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وأن ربك هو أضحك أهل الجنة في الجنة بدخولهم إياها, وأبكى أهل النار في النار بدخولهموها, وأضحك من شاء من أهل الدنيا, وأبكى من أراد أن يبكيه منهم.
" وأنه هو أمات وأحيا "، أي: أمات في الدنيا وأحيا بالبعث. وقيل: أمات الآباء وأحيا الأبناء. وقيل: أمات الكافر بالنكرة وأحيا المؤمن بالمعرفة.
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا (44(انتقل من الاعتبار بانفراد الله بالقدرة على إيجاد أسباب المسرة والحزن وهما حالتان لا تخلو عن إحداهما نفس الإِنسان إلى العبرة بانفراده تعالى بالقدرة على الإِحياء والإِماتة ، وهما حالتان لا يخلو الإِنسان عن إحداهما فإن الإِنسان أول وجوده نطفة ميتة ثم علقة ثم مضغة ( قطعة ميتة وإن كانت فيها مادة الحياة إلا أنها لم تبرز مظاهر الحياة فيها ( ثم ينفخ فيه الروح فيصير إلى حياة وذلك بتدبير الله تعالى وقدرته .ولعل المقصود هو العبرة بالإِماتة لأنها أوضح عبرة وللرد عليهم قولهم : { وما يهلكنا إلا الدهر } [ الجاثية : 24 ] ، وأن عطف { وأحيا تتميم واحتراس كما في قوله : { الذي خلق الموت والحياة } [ الملك : 2 ] . ولذلك قدم { أمات على أحيا } مع الرعاية على الفاصلة كما تقدم في { أضحك وأبكى } [ النجم : 43 ] .وموقع الجملة كموقع جملة { وأن سعيه سوف يرى } [ النجم : 40 ] . فإن كان مضمونها مما شملته صحف إبراهيم كان المحكي بها من كلام إبراهيم ما حكاه الله عنه بقوله : { والذي يميتني ثم يحيين } [ الشعراء : 81 ] .وفعلا { أمات وأحيا } منزلان منزلة اللازم كما تقدم في قوله : { وأنه هو أضحك وأبكى } [ النجم : 43 ] إظهاراً لبديع القدرة على هذا الصنع الحكيم مع التعريض بالاستدلال على كيفية البعث وإمكانه حيث أحاله المشركون ، وشاهدُه في خلق أنفسهم .وضمير الفصل للقصر على نحو قوله : { وأنه هو أضحك وأبكى } [ النجم : 43 ] رداً على أهل الجاهلية الذين يسندون الإِحياء والإِماتة إلى الدهر فقالوا { وما يهلكنا إلا الدهر } [ الجاثية : 24 ] . فليس المراد الحياة الآخرة لأن المتحدث عنهم لا يؤمنون بها ، ولأنها مستقبلة والمتحدث عنه ماض .وفي هذه الآية محسن الطباق أيضاً لما بين الحياة والموت من التضاد .
{ وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا } أي: هو المنفرد بالإيجاد والإعدام، والذي أوجد الخلق وأمرهم ونهاهم، سيعيدهم بعد موتهم، ويجازيهم بتلك الأعمال التي عملوها في دار الدنيا.
وأنه هو أمات وأحيا أي قضى أسباب الموت والحياة . وقيل : خلق الموت والحياة كما قال : الذي خلق الموت والحياة قاله ابن بحر . وقيل : أمات الكافر بالكفر وأحيا المؤمن بالإيمان ; قال الله تعالى : أو من كان ميتا فأحييناه الآية . وقال : إنما يستجيب الذين يسمعون والموتى يبعثهم الله [ ص: 109 ] على ما تقدم ، وإليه يرجع قول عطاء : أمات بعدله وأحيا بفضله . وقول من قال : أمات بالمنع والبخل وأحيا بالجود والبذل . وقيل : أمات النطفة وأحيا النسمة . وقيل : أمات الآباء وأحيا الأبناء . وقيل : يريد بالحياة الخصب وبالموت الجدب . وقيل : أنام وأيقظ . وقيل : أمات في الدنيا وأحيا للبعث .
Every event in this world arises from supernatural causes and nobody but God is capable of causing them to occur. Happiness and sorrow, life and death, the pro-creative system, riches and poverty—all these are the feats of a superpower. Ancient man used to consider the stars as the determining factors in life, while in the present age natural law is considered to govern all happenings. But the fact is that there is a Cause over and above these causes and factors and that is God, the Lord of the universe. Then, how is it legitimate for a man to make anything other than Him the centre of his attention?
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَىٰ (and that He is the One who makes [ one ] laugh and makes [ him ] weep,...53:43) Mankind experiences happiness and grief, and consequently laughing and weeping. Man assigns this to the secondary causes [ which refer to every existent thing in this universe, and that is where he ends the matter. If we analyze carefully and profoundly, the whole system of cause and effect ends with Allah, the Primary and Supreme Cause. No secondary cause makes anyone happy or sad, nor does it make him to laugh or weep. Both of these things are created by Allah. He created the series of secondary causes and effects in our finite world. But as the Primary and Supreme Cause, He can at any moment make the laughing person weep, and make the weeping person laugh. How well it has been versified! بگوش گُل چہ سخن گفتہ کن خندان ست بعند لیب چہ فرسودہ کہ نالان ست What have You whispered to the ear of a flower (0 Allah) whereby it is smiling? And what have You said to the nightingale whereby it is weeping all the times?
(And that He it is Who giveth death) in the life of the world (and giveth life) for the resurrection; it is also said that this means: He gives death to fathers and life to sons;
and that it is He who brings death and gives life,He said:He caused the hearts of His enemies to die through disbelief (kufr) and darkness (ẓulma), and He gave life to the hearts of His friends through faith (īmān) and the lights of gnosis (anwār al-maʿrifa).
Some Attributes of the Lord, that He returns Man as He originated Him, and some of what He does with His Servants Allah the Exalted said, وَأَنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ الْمُنتَهَى (And that to your Lord is the End.) meaning, the return of everything on the Day of Resurrection. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Amr bin Maymun Al-Awdi said, "Once, Mu`adh bin Jabal stood up among us and said, `O Children of Awd! I am the emissary of Allah's Messenger ﷺ to you; know that the Return is to Allah, either to Paradise or the Fire."' Allah's statement, وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى (And that it is He Who makes you laugh, and makes you weep.) means that He created in His creatures the ability to laugh or weep and the causes for each of these opposites, وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا (And that it is He Who causes death and gives life.) In a similar statement, Allah said, الَّذِى خَلَقَ الْمَوْتَ وَالْحَيَوةَ (Who has created death and life.)(67:2) Allah said, وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالاٍّنثَى - مِن نُّطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَى (And that He creates the pairs, male and female. From Nutfah when it is emitted.) as He said: أَيَحْسَبُ الإِنسَـنُ أَن يُتْرَكَ سُدًى - أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِّن مَّنِىٍّ يُمْنَى - ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّى - فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالاٍّنثَى - أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَـدِرٍ عَلَى أَن يُحْيِىَ الْمَوْتَى (Does man think that he will be left neglected Was he not a Nutfah Then he became an `Alaqah (something that clings); then (Allah) shaped and fashioned (him) in due proportion. And made of him two sexes, male and female. Is not He (Allah) able to give life to the dead)(75:36-40) Allah the Exalted said, وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الاٍّخْرَى (And that upon Him is another bringing forth.) meaning, just as He first originated creation, He is able to bring it back to life, resurrecting it for the Day of Judgement, وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَغْنَى وَأَقْنَى (And that it is He Who Aghna (gives much) and Aqna (a little).) It is Allah Who gives wealth to His servants and this wealth remains with them. This means they are able to use it to their benefit, is this out of the completeness of His favor. Most of the statements of the scholars of Tafsir revolve around this meaning, such as those from Abu Salih, Ibn Jarir and others. Mujahid said that, أَغْنَى (Aghna) meaning: He gives wealth. وَأَقْنَى (Aqna) meaning: He gives servants. Similar was said by Qatadah. Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said; أَغْنَى (Aghna) means: He granted; while, وَأَقْنَى (Aqna) means: He gave contentment. وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعْرَى (And that He is the Lord of Ash-Shi`ra.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi`ra that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship. وَأَنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ عَاداً الاٍّولَى (And that it is He Who destroyed the former `Ad) the people of Hud. They are the descendants of `Ad, son of Iram, son of Sam, son of Nuh. As Allah the Exalted said, أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ - إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ - الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ (Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad. Of Iram, with the lofty pillars, the like of which were not created in the land)(89:6-8) The people of `Ad were among the strongest, fiercest people and the most rebellious against Allah the Exalted and His Messenger. Allah destroyed them, بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍسَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُوماً (By a furious violent wind! Which Allah imposed in them for seven nights and eight days in succession.)(69:6-7) Allah's statement, وَثَمُودَ فَمَآ أَبْقَى (And Thamud. He spared none), declares that He destroyed them all and spared none of them, وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِّن قَبْلُ (And the people of Nuh aforetime.) before `Ad and Thamud, إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَى (Verily, they were more unjust and more rebellious and transgressing.) more unjust in disobeying Allah than those who came after them, وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَى (And He destroyed the overthrown cities.) meaning, the cities (of Sodom and Gomorrah) to which Prophet Lut was sent. Allah turned their cities upside down over them and sent on them stones of Sijjil. Allah's statement that whatever has covered it, has covered it, is like the case with the stones of Sijjil that He sent on them, وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِم مَّطَراً فَسَآءَ مَطَرُ الْمُنذَرِينَ (And We rained on them a rain (of torment). And how evil was the rain of those who had been warned!)(26:173) Allah said, فَبِأَىِّ آلاءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَى (Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt) meaning, `which of Allah's favors for you, O man, do you doubt,' according to Qatadah. Ibn Jurayj said that the Ayah, فَبِأَىِّ آلاءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَى (Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt), is directed towards the Prophet saying: "O Muhammad!" However, the first ex- planation is better, and it is the meaning that Ibn Jarir preferred.