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ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَأَنفِقُوا۟ مِمَّا جَعَلَكُم مُّسۡتَخۡلَفِینَ فِیهِۖ فَٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنكُمۡ وَأَنفَقُوا۟ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرࣱ كَبِیرࣱ ۝٧
āminū bil-lahi warasūlihi wa-anfiqū mimmā jaʿalakum mus'takhlafīna fīhi fa-alladhīna āmanū minkum wa-anfaqū lahum ajrun kabīru
The Iron / al-Hadid (57:7)
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Abdel Haleem

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Believe in God and His Messenger, and give out of what He has made pass down to you: those of you who believe and give will have a great reward
āminū bil-lahi warasūlihi wa-anfiqū mimmā jaʿalakum mus'takhlafīna fīhi fa-alladhīna āmanū minkum wa-anfaqū lahum ajrun kabīru

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Tafsir Commentary

Believe adhere to belief in God and His Messenger and expend in the way of God out of that over which He has made you successors out of the wealth of those mentioned whom you have succeeded for you will be succeeded in this wealth by those who will come after you this was revealed at the time of the ‘hardship’ campaign the campaign of Tabūk. For those of you who believe and expend — an allusion to ‘Uthmān b. ‘Affān may God be pleased with him — will have a great reward.
آمنوا بالله ورسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأنفقوا مما رزقكم الله من المال واستخلفكم فيه، فالذين آمنوا منكم أيها الناس، وأنفقوا من مالهم، لهم ثواب عظيم.
أمر تبارك وتعالى بالإيمان به وبرسوله على الوجه الأكمل والدوام والثبات على ذلك والاستمرار وحث على الإنفاق مما جعلكم مستخلفين فيه أي مما هو معكم على سبيل العارية فإنه قد كان في أيدي من قبلكم ثم صار إليكم فأرشد تعالى إلى استعمال ما استخلفهم فيه من المال في طاعته فإن يفعلوا وإلا حاسبهم عليه وعاقبهم لتركهم الواجبات فيه وقوله تعالى "مما جعلكم مستخلفين فيه" فيه إشارة إلى أنه سيكون مخلفا عنك فلعل وارثك أن يطيع الله فيه فيكون أسعد بما أنعم الله به عليك منك أو يعصي الله فتكون قد سعيت في معاونته على الإثم والعدوان. قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا محمد بن جعفر حدثنا شعبة سمعت قتادة يحدث عن مطرف يعني ابن عبدالله بن الشخير عن أبيه قال انتهيت إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو يقول "ألهاكم التكاثر" يقول ابن آدم مالي مالي وهل لك من مالك إلا ما أكلت فأفنيت أو لبست فأبليت أو تصدقت فأمضيت ؟ ورواه مسلم من حديث شعبة به وزاد "وما سوى ذلك فذاهب وتاركه للناس" وقوله تعالى" فالذين آمنوا منكم وأنفقوا لهم أجر كبير" ترغيب في الإيمان والإنفاق في الطاعة.
ثم دعا - سبحانه - عباده المؤمنين إلى التمسك بهذا الإيمان ، وإلى تنفيذ تكاليفه ، ووعدهم على ذلك بأجزل الثواب ، فقال - تعالى - : ( آمِنُواْ بالله . . . ) .الخطاب فى قوله - تعالى - : ( آمِنُواْ بالله وَرَسُولِهِ ) إلى الناس جميعا ويدخل فيه المؤمنون دخولا أوليا ، ويكون المقصود بدعوتهم إلى الإيمان المداومة عليه والتمسك بتعاليمه ، وتنفيذ توجيهاته . . . كما قال - تعالى - : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الذين آمَنُواْ آمِنُواْ بالله وَرَسُولِهِ والكتاب الذي نَزَّلَ على رَسُولِهِ والكتاب الذي أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْل ) وقوله : ( وَأَنفِقُواْ مِمَّا جَعَلَكُم مُّسْتَخْلَفِينَ فِيهِ ) بيان لما يقتضيه هذا الإيمان .وقوله : ( مُّسْتَخْلَفِينَ ) اسم مفعول من الاستخلاف ، بمعنى أن يخلف الإنسان غيره ، أو أن يخلفه غيره من بعده .أى : آمنوا - أيها الناس - بالله - تعالى - وبرسوله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إيمانا حقا ، وإن من مقتضيات هذا الإيمان ، أن تنفقوا من أموالكم فى وجوه الخير ، فإن هذه الأموال هى عارية فى أيديكم ، فقد ورثتموها من غيركم ، وغيركم سيرثها عنكم ، وهى فى جيمع الأحوال ملك لله - تعالى - وحده على الحقيقة .قال القرطبى : قوله : ( وَأَنفِقُواْ مِمَّا جَعَلَكُم مُّسْتَخْلَفِينَ فِيهِ ) دليل على أن أصل الملك لله - سبحانه - وأن العبد ليس له فيه إلا التصرف الذى يرضى الله فيثيبه على ذلك بالجنة ، فمن أنفق منا فى حقوق الله ، وهان عليه الإنفاق منها ، كما يهون على الرجل النفقة من مال غيره إذا أذن له فيه ، كان له الأجر الجزيل .وقال الحسن : مستخلفين فيه : ورثتكم إياه عمن كان قبلكم .وهذا يدل على أنها ليست بأموالكم فى الحقيقة ، وما أنتم إلا بمنزلة النواب والوكلاء ، فاغتنموا الفرصة فيها بإقامة الحق ، قبل أن تزال عنكم إلى من بعدكم .ثم بين - سبحانه - ما أعده لهؤلاء المنفقين فقال : ( فالذين آمَنُواْ مِنكُمْ ) إيمانا حقا . . ( وَأَنفَقُواْ ) أموالهم فيما يرضى الله - تعالى - ( لَهُمْ ) منه - عز وجل - ( أَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ ) لا يعلم مقداره إلا الله - تعالى - .
يقول تعالى ذكره: آمنوا بالله أيها الناس، فأقرّوا بوحدانيته، وبرسوله محمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فصدقوه فيما جاءكم به من عند الله واتبعوه، (وأنفقوا مما جعلكم مستخلفين فيه)، يقول جلّ ثناؤه: وأنفقوا مما خوّلكم الله، من المال الذي أورثكم عمن كان قبلكم، فجعلكم خلفاءهم فيه في سبيل الله.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قول الله (مُسْتَخْلَفِينَ فِيهِ ) قال: المعمرين فيه بالرزق.وقوله: (فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْفَقُوا ) يقول: فالذين آمنوا بالله ورسوله منكم أيها الناس، وأنفقوا مما خولهم الله عمن كان قبلهم، ورزقهم من المال في سبيل الله (لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ ) يقول: لهم ثواب عظيم.
( آمنوا بالله ورسوله ) يخاطب كفار مكة ( وأنفقوا مما جعلكم مستخلفين فيه ) مملكين فيه : يعني : المال الذي كان بيد غيرهم فأهلكهم وأعطاه قريشا فكانوا في ذلك المال خلفاء عمن مضوا . ( فالذين آمنوا منكم وأنفقوا لهم أجر كبير ) .
آَمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَأَنْفِقُوا مِمَّا جَعَلَكُمْ مُسْتَخْلَفِينَ فِيهِ فَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْفَقُوا لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ (7)استئناف وقع موقع النتيجة بعد الاستدلال فإن أول السورة قرر خضوع الكائنات إلى الله تعالى وأنه تعالى المتصرف فيها بالإِيجاد والإِعدام وغير ذلك فهو القدير عليها ، وأنه عليم بأحوالهم مطلّع على ما تضمره ضمائرهم وأنهم صائرون إليه فمحاسبهم ، فلا جرم تهيأ المقام لإِبلاغهم التذكير بالإِيمان به إيماناً لا يشوبه إشراك والإِيمان برسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذ قد تبين صدقه بالدلائل الماضية التي دلت على صحة ما أخبرهم به مما كان محل ارتيابهم وتكذيبهم كما أشار إليه قوله : { والرسول يدعوكم لتؤمنوا بربكم } [ الحديد : 8 ] .فذلك وجه عطف { ورسوله } على متعلق الإِيمان مع أن الآيات السابقة ما ذكرت إلا دلائل صفات الله دون الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلمفالخطاب ب { آمنوا } للمشركين ، والآية مكية حسب ما رُوي في إسلام عُمَر وهو الذي يلائم اتصال قوله : { وما لكم لا تؤمنون بالله } [ الحديد : 8 ] الخ بها .والمراد بالإِنفاق المأمور به : الإِنفاق الذي يدعو إليه الإِيمان بعد حصول الإِيمان وهو الإِنفاق على الفقير ، وتخصيص الإِنفاق بالذكر تنويه بشأنه ، وقد كان أهل الجاهلية لا ينفقون إلا في اللذات ، والمفاخرة والمقامرة ، ومعاقرة الخمر ، وقد وصفهم القرآن بذلك في مواضع كثيرة كقوله : { إنه كان لا يؤمن بالله العظيم ولا يحض على طعام المسكين } [ الحاقة : 34 ] وقوله : { بل لا تكرمون اليتيم ولا تحضون على طعام المسكين وتأكلون التراث أكلاً لمّاً وتحبون المال حباً جماً } [ الفجر : 17 20 ] وقوله : { ألهاكم التكاثر حتى زرتم المقابر } [ التكاثر : 1 ، 2 ] إلى آخر السورة .وقيل : نزلت في غزوة تبوك يعني الإِنفاق بتجهيز جيش العُسْرة قاله ابن عطية عن الضحاك ، فتكون الآية مدنية ويكون قوله : { آمنوا } أمراً بالدوام على الإِيمان كقوله : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا آمنوا بالله ورسوله } [ النساء : 136 ]ويجوز أن يكون أمراً لمن في نفوسهم بقية نفاق أو ارتياب ، وأنهم قبضوا أيديهم عن تجهيز جيش العُسرة كما قال تعالى : { المنافقون والمنافقات بعضهم من بعض إلى قوله : ويقبضون أيديهم } [ التوبة : 67 ] ، فهم إذا سمعوا الخطاب علموا أنهم المقصود على نحو ما في آيات سورة براءة ، ولكن يظهر أن سنَة غزوة تبوك لم يبق عندها من المنافقين عدد يعتد به فيوجه إليه خطاب كهذا .وجيء بالموصول في قوله : { مما جعلكم مستخلفين فيه } دون أن يقول : وأنفقوا من أموالكم أو مما رزقكم الله لما في صلة الموصول من التنبيه على غفلة السامعين عن كون المال لله جعلَ الناسَ كالخلائف عنه في التصرف فيه مدةً مَّا ، فلما أمرهم بالإِنفاق منها على عباده كان حقاً عليهم أن يمتثلوا لذلك كما يمتثل الخازن أمرَ صاحب المال إذا أمره بإنفاذ شيء منه إلى من يعيِّنه .والسين والتاء في { مستخلفين } للمبالغة في حصول الفعل لا للطلب لاستفادة الطلب من فعل { جعلكم } .ويجوز أن تكون لتأكيد الطلب .والفاء في قوله : { فالذين آمنوا منكم وأنفقوا لهم أجر كبير } تفريع وتسبب على الأمر بالإيمان والإِنفاق لإِفادة تعليله كأنه قيل لأن الذين آمنوا وأنفقوا أعددنا لهم أجراً كبيراً .والمعنى على وجه كون الآية مكية : أن الذين آمنوا من بينكم وأنفقوا ، أي سبقوكم بالإِيمان والإِنفاق لهم أجر كبير ، أي فاغتنموه وتداركوا ما فاتوكم به .و ( مِن ) للتبعيض ، أي الذين آمنوا وهم بعض قومكم .وفي هذا إغراء لهم بأن يماثلوهم .ويجوز أن يكون فعلا المضيِّ في قوله : { فالذين آمنوا منكم وأنفقوا } مستعملان في معنى المضارع للتنبيه عن إيقاع ذلك .
يأمر تعالى عباده بالإيمان به وبرسوله وبما جاء به، وبالنفقة في سبيله، من الأموال التي جعلها الله في أيديهم واستخلفهم عليها، لينظر كيف يعملون، ثم لما أمرهم بذلك، رغبهم وحثهم عليه بذكر ما رتب عليه من الثواب، فقال: { فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْفَقُوا } أي: جمعوا بين الإيمان بالله ورسوله، والنفقة في سبيله، لهم أجر كبير، أعظمه [وأجله] رضا ربهم، والفوز بدار كرامته، وما فيها من النعيم المقيم، الذي أعده الله للمؤمنين والمجاهدين، ثم ذكر [السبب] الداعي لهم إلى الإيمان، وعدم المانع منه، فقال:
قوله تعالى : آمنوا بالله ورسوله أي : صدقوا أن الله واحد وأن محمدا رسوله وأنفقوا تصدقوا . وقيل : أنفقوا في سبيل الله . وقيل : المراد : الزكاة المفروضة . وقيل : المراد : غيرها من وجوه الطاعات وما يقرب منه مما جعلكم مستخلفين فيه دليل على أن أصل الملك لله سبحانه ، وأن العبد ليس له فيه إلا التصرف الذي يرضي الله فيثيبه على ذلك بالجنة . فمن أنفق منها في حقوق الله وهان عليه الإنفاق منها ، كما يهون على الرجل النفقة من [ ص: 216 ] مال غيره إذا أذن له فيه - كان له الثواب الجزيل والأجر العظيم . وقال الحسن : مستخلفين فيه بوراثتكم إياه عمن كان قبلكم . وهذا يدل على أنها ليست بأموالكم في الحقيقة ، وما أنتم فيها إلا بمنزلة النواب والوكلاء ، فاغتنموا الفرصة فيها بإقامة الحق قبل أن تزال عنكم إلى من بعدكم . فالذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات منكم وأنفقوا في سبيل الله لهم أجر كبير وهو الجنة .
The universe, in its silent language, sings the praises of and describes the attributes of its Creator. In the Quran, those same attributes have been put into words. When a thing comes into being here, it has manifestly been brought into existence by the Supreme Being. Its end itself announces its termination by the Supreme Being. The fact is the universe is the vehicle of God’s praises, while the Quran is their verbal recitation.
[ 1] The original word used in the text is 'mustakhlafin' which has two meanings: 'deputies' and 'successors'. Taken in the first meaning, the verse indicates that the wealth held by human beings originally belongs to Allah, but He has made them His deputies or representatives to use it according to His directions. Although He has allowed them to use it for their own benefit, it should always be subject to the rules prescribed by Him in Shari'ah. Once it is believed that one is not the absolute owner of this wealth, it should not be difficult for him to spend according to the command of its absolute Owner. This is the interpretation of the verse according to the majority of commentators. However, some other exegetes have taken the word 'mustakhlafin' in the sense of 'successors'. In this case the verse reminds us that whatever wealth we have in our hands today has reached us from other people who owned it before us. We have succeeded them in its ownership, and ultimately it will be passed on to some others through any mode of transfer including inheritance. All kinds of wealth are thus in transit, moving from one person to another. Therefore, one should not hesitate in spending it in Allah's way, because it has to be passed on to some others in any case. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani)
(Believe in Allah) O people of Mecca (and His messenger) Muhammad (pbuh) (and spend of that whereof He hath made you trustees) and spend in the way of Allah of that which He has made you owners; (and such of you as believe) O people of Mecca (and spend (aright)) and spend their wealth in the way of Allah, (theirs will be a great reward) in the Garden because of their faith and spending of their wealth.
Believe in God and His Messenger, and expend out of that which He caused to come down to you�He said:That is, what you inherited from your forefathers (ābāʾ), and your possessions (mulk). So give of what your natural selves enjoy from [this] world, in the cause of obeying Him and His Messenger. For those of you who believe and expend their whole lives in the ways that God commanded that they should expend them, will have a great reward, namely, to abide with the Everlasting (al-Bāqī) in His Garden, [enjoying] His good pleasure (riḍā).His words, Exalted is He:
Ordering Faith and encouraging spending Allah the Exalted and Blessed orders having perfect faith in Him and in His Messenger, and that one should persist on this path adhereing firmly to it. Allah encourages spending from what He has made mankind trustees of, the wealth that you - mankind - have, that He has lent you. This wealth was in the hands of those before you and was later transferred to you. Therefore, O mankind, spend as Allah commanded you from the wealth that He entrusted to you for His obedience. Otherwise, He will hold you accountable and punish you for your ignoring what He ordained on you in this regard. Allah's statement, مِمَّا جَعَلَكُم مُّسْتَخْلَفِينَ فِيهِ (of that whereof He has made you trustees.), indicates that you - mankind -- will surrender this wealth to someone else. In this case, those who will inherit from you might obey Allah with their wealth, and thus acquire more happiness than you on account of what Allah has granted them. They might disobey Allah, and in this case you will have helped them commit evil and transgression. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir said, "I came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ as he was reciting and saying, أَلْهَـكُمُ التَّكَّاثُرُ يَقُولُ ابْنُ آدَمَ: مَالِي مَالِي، وَهَلْ لَكَ مِن مَالِكَ إِلَّا مَاأَكَلْتَ فَأَفْنَيْتَ، أَوْ لَبِسْتَ فَأَبْلَيْتَ، أَوْ تَصَدَّقْتَ فَأَمْضَيْتَ؟» ((abundance diverts you.)( The Son of `Adam claims, "My wealth, my wealth." But is there anything belonging to you, except that which you consumed, which you used, or which you wore and then it became worn or you gave as charity and sent it forward) Muslim also collected with the addition: «وَمَا سِوَى ذلِكَ، فَذَاهِبٌ وَتَارِكُهُ لِلنَّاس» (Other than that, you will go away from it and leave it behind for other people.) Allah's statement, فَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمْ وَأَنفَقُواْ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ (And such of you as believe and spend, theirs will be a great reward.) encourages having faith and spending in acts of obedience. Allah the Exalted said, وَمَا لَكُمْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِتُؤْمِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمْ (And what is the matter with you that you believe not in Allah! While the Messenger invites you to believe in your Lord;) meaning, "what prevents you from believing, while the Messenger is among you calling you to faith and bringing forward clear proofs and evidences that affirm the truth of what he brought you" And we have reported the Hadith through different routes in the beginning of the explanation on the chapter on Faith in Sahih Al-Bukhari, wherein one day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his Companions, «أَيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْجَبُ إِلَيْكُمْ إِيمَانًا؟» (Who do you consider among the believers as having the most amazing faith) They said, "The angels." He said, «وَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ؟» (And what prevents them from believing when they are with their Lord) They said, "Then the Prophets." He said, «وَمَالَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْوَحْيُ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ؟» (What prevents them from believing when the revelation comes down to them) They said, "Then us." He said, «وَمَالَكُمْ لَا تُؤْمِنُونَ وَأَنَا بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ؟ وَلكِنْ أَعْجَبُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِيمَانًا، قَوْمٌ يَجِيئُونَ بَعْدَكُمْ، يَجِدُونَ صُحُفًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا فِيهَا» (What prevents you from believing, when I am amongst you Actually, the believers who have the most amazing faith, are some people who will come after you; they will find pages that they will believe in.) We mentioned a part of this Hadith when explaining Allah's statement in Surat Al-Baqarah, الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ (who believe in the Ghayb (unseen).)(2:3) Allah's statement, وَقَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَـقَكُمْ (and He has indeed taken your covenant,) is similar to another of His statements, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَـقَهُ الَّذِى وَاثَقَكُم بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا (And remember Allah's favor to you and His covenant with which He bound you when you said: "We hear and we obey.")(5:7), which refers to giving the pledge of allegiance to the Prophet . Ibn Jarir said that the covenant mentioned here, is that taken from mankind, when they were still in Adam's loin. This is also the opinion of Mujahid, and Allah knows best. Allah said, هُوَ الَّذِى يُنَزِّلُ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ ءَايَـتٍ بَيِّنَـتٍ (It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat to His servant) clear proofs, unequivocal evidences and plain attestations, لِيُخْرِجَكُمْ مِّنَ الظُّلُمَـتِ إِلَى النُّورِ (that He may bring you out from darkness into light.) from the darkness of ignorance, disbelief and contradictory statements to the light of guidance, certainty and faith, وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُمْ لَرَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ (And verily, Allah is to you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) by revealing the Divine Books and sending the Messengers to guide mankind, eradicating doubts and removing confusion. After Allah commanded mankind to first believe and spend, He again encouraged them to acquire faith and stated that He has removed all barriers between them and the acquisition of faith. Allah again encouraged them to spend, وَمَا لَكُمْ أَلاَّ تُنفِقُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَاثُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (And what is the matter with you that you spend not in the cause of Allah And to Allah belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth.) means, spend and do not fear poverty or scarcity. Surely, He in Whose cause you spent is the King and Owner of the heavens and earth and has perfect control over their every affair, including their treasuries. He is the Owner of the Throne, with all the might that it contains, and He is the One Who said, وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ (And whatsoever you spend of anything, He will replace it. And He is the best of providers.)(34:39), and, مَا عِندَكُمْ يَنفَدُ وَمَا عِندَ اللَّهِ بَاقٍ (whatever is with you, will be exhausted, and whatever is with Allah will remain.)(16:96) Therefore, those who trust in and depend on Allah will spend, and they will not fear poverty or destitution coming to them from the Owner of the Throne. They know that Allah will surely compensate them for whatever they spend. The Virtues of spending and fighting before the Conquest of Makkah Allah's statement, لاَ يَسْتَوِى مِنكُم مَّنْ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبْلِ الْفَتْحِ وَقَـتَلَ (Not equal among you are those who spent before the conquering and fought.) meaning those who did not fight and spend before the Conquest are not equal to those who spent and fought. Before Makkah was conquered, things were difficult for Muslims and only the righteous ones embraced Islam. After Makkah was conquered, Islam spread tremendously throughout the known world and people embraced the religion of Allah en masse. Similarly He said: أُوْلَـئِكَ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أَنفَقُواْ مِن بَعْدُ وَقَـتَلُواْ وَكُلاًّ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى (Such are higher in degree than those who spent and fought afterwards. But to all Allah has promised the best (reward).) The majority considers the Conquest here to be the conquest of Makkah. Ash-Sha`bi and several others said that the Ayah refers to the treaty at Al-Hudaybiyyah. There is proof for this opinion found in a Hadith from Anas, collected by Imam Ahmad. Anas said, "Khalid bin Al-Walid and `Abdur-Rahman bin `Awf had a dispute. Khalid said to `Abdur-Rahman, `You boast about days (battles) that you participated in before us.' When the news of this statement reached the Prophet he said, «دَعُوا لِي أَصْحَابِي، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ أَوْ مِثْلَ الْجِبَالِ ذَهَبًا، مَا بَلَغْتُمْ أَعْمَالَهُم» (Do not bother my Companions, for by He in Whose Hand is my soul! If you spend an amount of gold equal to (Mount) Uhud, (or equal to the mountains), you will not reach the level of their actions.)" It is a known fact that Khalid bin Al-Walid, whom the Prophet addressed this statement to, embraced Islam during the period between the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah and the conquering of Makkah. The dispute between Khalid and `Abdur-Rahman occurred because of the battle of Bani Jadhimah. The Prophet sent Khalid bin Al-Walid to them after the conquest of Makkah, and they said, "Saba'na," instead of saying, "Aslamna" (we embraced Islam). So Khalid ordered their execution and the execution of their prisoners (of war); `Abdur-Rahman bin `Awf and `Abdullah bin `Umar opposed him. This is the reason behind the dispute that occurred between Khalid and `Abdur-Rahman. But in the Sahih, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَا تَسُبُّوا أَصْحَابِي، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ أَنْفَقَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا، مَا بَلَغَ مُدَّ أَحَدِهِمْ وَلَا نَصِيفَه» (None should revile my Companions, for by He in Whose Hand is my soul! If one of you were to spend as much gold as Uhud, it would not reach the level of them equal to an amount as much as one Mudd of one of them or half of it.) Allah said, وَكُلاًّ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى (But to all Allah has promised the best (reward).) meaning, those who spent before and after the conquest of Makkah; they all will gain a reward for their good deeds, even though some of them vary in rank and earn a better reward than others as Allah said, لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَـهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَـعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً وَكُـلاًّ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَـعِدِينَ أَجْراً عَظِيماً (Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled, and those who strive hard and fight in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives. Allah has preferred in grades those who strive hard and fight with their wealth and their lives above those who sit (at home). Unto each, Allah has promised good, but Allah has preferred by a great reward those who strive hard and fight, above those who sit (at home).)(4:95) There is a Hadith in the Sahih that states, «الْمُؤْمِنُ الْقَوِيُّ خَيْرٌ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ الضَّعِيفِ، وَفِي كُلَ خَيْر» (The strong believer is better and more beloved to Allah than the weak believer; both have goodness in them.) The Prophet ended his statement this way to draw attention to the second type of believer, so that their own qualities are not forgotten in the midst of preferring the former type. In this way, the latter is not dismissed as being degraded in the Hadith. Therefore, the Prophet ended his statement by praising the second type -- the weak believers -- after giving preference to the first type. Allah said: وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ (And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) meaning, since Allah is perfectly aware of all things, He made distinctions between the rewards of the believers who spent and fought before the Conquest and those who spent and fought afterwards. Surely, Allah does this by His knowledge of the intention of the former type and their perfect sincerity to Him, all the while spending in times of hardship, poverty and dire straits. This is found in the Hadith, «سَبَقَ دِرْهَمٌ مِائَةَ أَلْف» (Spending one Dirham is preceded over a hundred thousand.) There is no doubt that the people of faith consider Abu Bakr As-Siddiq to be the person who has the best share according to the meaning of this Ayah. He was the chief of those who implemented it, among all followers of all Prophets. He spent all of his wealth seeking the Face of Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored. He did it voluntarily too, not to repay a debt or a favor that anyone from mankind had on him. May Allah be pleased with him. The Encouragement to make a Handsome Loan in the Cause of Allah Allah said, مَّن ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا (Who is he that will lend Allah a handsome loan:) `Umar bin Al-Khattab said that this Ayah refers to spending in Allah's cause. It was also said that it pertains to spending on children. What is correct is that it is more general than that. So all those who spend in the cause of Allah with good intentions and a sincere heart, then they fall under the generality of this Ayah. This is why Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah: مَّن ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ (Who is he that will lend Allah handsome loan: then (Allah) will increase it manifold to his credit (in repaying),) and in another Ayah, أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً (many times) (2:245), meaning, being handsome reward and tremendous provisions: Paradise on the Day of Resurrection. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "When this Ayah, مَّن ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ (Who is he that will lend Allah handsome loan: then (Allah) will increase it manifold to his credit (in repaying),) was revealed, Abu Ad-Dahdah Al-Ansari said, `O Allah's Messenger! Does Allah ask us for a loan' The Prophet said, «نَعَمْ، يَاأَبَا الدَّحْدَاح» (Yes, O Abu Ad-Dahdah.) He said, `Give me your hand, O Allah's Messenger,' and the Prophet placed his hand in his hand. Abu Ad-Dahdah said, `Verily, I have given my garden as a loan to my Lord.' He had a garden that contained six hundred date trees; his wife and children were living in that garden too. Abu Ad-Dahdah went to his wife and called her, `Umm Ad-Dahdah!' She said, `Here I am.' He said, `Leave the garden, because I have given it as a loan to my Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored.' She said, `That is a successful trade, O Abu Ad-Dahdah!' She then transferred her goods and children. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَمْ مِنْ عَذْقٍ رَدَاحٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ لِأَبِي الدَّحْدَاح» (How plentiful are the sweet date clusters that Abu Ad-Dahdah has in Paradise!)" In another narration, the Prophet said, «رُبَّ نَخْلَةٍ مُدَلَّاةٍ، عُرُوقُهَا دُرٌّ وَيَاقُوتٌ، لِأَبِي الدَّحْدَاحِ فِي الْجَنَّة» (How many a date tree that has lowered down its clusters, which are full of pearls and gems in Paradise for Abu Ad-Dahdah!)